新航道雅思语法-定语从句PPT课件

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1、定语从句定语从句两大基本概念：两大基本概念：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。一般由一般由:名词名词,代词代词,短语短语,句子句子 充当充当 引导定语从句的词叫引导词。引导定语从句的词叫引导词。引导词是区分主句和从句的重要标准。引导词是区分主句和从句的重要标准。找出句子主干找出句子主干 1.When anyone opens a current account at a bank,he is lending the bank money repayment of which he may demand at any time,either in cash or by dr

2、awing a cheque in favor of another person.2.If youre unsure about things,each floor has an elected“floor senior”who is usually a student in their third or fourth year of study whos been at Smith House for a while.(剑剑2,T2,L)3,As you can see,the building youre in now which contains this main lounge,th

3、e dining room,the recreation room,the kitchen and the offices was part of the original old house,built in the 1840s to be used by the family of George Smith.(剑剑2,T2,L)引导词引导词（1 1）关系代词：）关系代词：whowho，whomwhom，whosewhose，whichwhich，thatthat（2 2）关系副词：）关系副词：whenwhen，wherewhere，whywhy（3 3）特殊引导词：）特殊引导词：than,

4、but,as,wherebythan,but,as,whereby（4 4）介词）介词+引导词引导词（1 1）关系代词：）关系代词：练练 1994 1994到到19951995年期间出现了很大的增长，年期间出现了很大的增长，这种情况在未来的几年里很可能还会持续下去。这种情况在未来的几年里很可能还会持续下去。（剑（剑3，T2，W）key key There emerged a great increase from There emerged a great increase from 1994 to 1995,which likely continued 1994 to 1995,which

5、likely continued in the next years.in the next years.The years/period from 1994 to 1995 The years/period from 1994 to 1995 saw/witnessed great increases,saw/witnessed great increases,whichwhich likely continued into the following likely continued into the following yearsyears.（2 2）关系副词：）关系副词：when-wh

6、en-时间状语时间状语 April Fools Day is that special day when you should play a joke on someone!Childrens favorites are to put salt in the sugar bowl for Dads morning coffee or put chalk on a desk chair at school so the teacher gets a white backside!But remember,if you play a joke after 12 noon,YOU are the A

7、pril Fool!【练】【练】这是能保证充足食物来源的时候。这是能保证充足食物来源的时候。（剑（剑5 5，T4T4，R R）This is a point This is a point when adequate food when adequate food resources will be assuredresources will be assured.where-where-地点状语地点状语 在北京，有一些著名的茶馆，在那里你可以坐下在北京，有一些著名的茶馆，在那里你可以坐下来喝茶，也可以观看到京剧表演节目。来喝茶，也可以观看到京剧表演节目。（剑（剑3 3，T3T3，S S）In

8、 Beijing there are some famous In Beijing there are some famous teahouses teahouses where you can sit and where you can sit and drink teadrink tea,and they also have the,and they also have the Peking opera shows.Peking opera shows.Pavarotti,Opera Star Finds Creative Passion Pavarotti,Opera Star Find

9、s Creative Passion in Paintingin Painting Tenor Luciano Pavarotti holds a handkerchief whenever he sings in concert.Yet in real life he is more likely to be found holding a paintbrush.For his great love is painting vividly-colored pictures of Italian villages and seascapes.What he likes best about p

10、ainting is its contrast to opera,is to use ones talents to bring to life the works of others.“When I finish a canvas,I feel I have created a world.why-why-原因状语原因状语 Reason why Reason why 【练】【练】发生这种变化的一个主要原因就是电视发生这种变化的一个主要原因就是电视的影响力增大了。的影响力增大了。(剑剑3 3，GG，TBTB，WW）One of the major reasons One of the majo

11、r reasons why this why this change has happenedchange has happened is the is the increased influence of TV.increased influence of TV.【课堂练习】一（引导词）：【课堂练习】一（引导词）：1.These are lots of business people _ come to China to work and do business.(剑剑3,T3,S)2.The council,_ was founded in 1996,certifies fisheries

12、 that meet high environmental standards,enabling them to use a label that recognizes their environmental responsibility.（剑（剑7,T4,R）3.This is most evident in photographic film,_ Germany spends much less than Britain.(剑剑3,T2,W)4.Since the early years of the twentieth century,_ the International Athlet

13、ic Federation began keeping records,there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run,how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects,themselves included,through space.(剑剑4,T4,R)5.The action takes place in underground cities _ the environment is controlled by computer

14、s.(剑剑5,G,TB,R)6.The field was launched,and the term“artificial intelligence”coined,at a conference in 1956 by a group of researchers that included Marvin Minsky,John McCarthy,Herbert Simon and Alan Newell,all of _ went on to become leading figures in the field.（剑（剑5,T3,R)【课堂练习】二【课堂练习】二:改错改错 1.Id rea

15、lly like to find a friend that I can trust him completely.2.Long-day plants are adapted for situations where require fertilization by insects,or a long period of seed ripening.(剑剑5,T4,R)【总结】：引导词的判断原理：【总结】：引导词的判断原理：，先行词，先行词，从句是否完整，从句是否完整【课后练习】【课后练习】1.Sea ports have been transformed by the advent of p

16、owered vessels,_ size and draught have increased.（剑（剑2,T2,R）2.The area became one _ the vast majority of people lived in extreme poverty,and suffered from appalling sanitary conditions.（剑（剑6,T1,L)KEY:whose,where（3 3）特殊引导词：）特殊引导词：1 2 3 4than 先行词先行词是比较级是比较级/被比较级修饰被比较级修饰【练【练1/2】退让一步，你会获得比预想还要多的东西。】退让一步

17、，你会获得比预想还要多的东西。By yielding you get more than you expected.【练【练2/2】Subsidies for pesticides and artificial fertilizers encourage farmers to use greater quantities than are needed to get the highest economic crop yield.(剑剑3，T2，R）由于使用农药和化肥可领取政府补贴，农民就不顾实际由于使用农药和化肥可领取政府补贴，农民就不顾实际需要而超量使用，以期取得最高经济作物产量。需要而超

18、量使用，以期取得最高经济作物产量。but =that not There is no man but has his fault.=there is no man who does not have his fault.不存在没有过错的人。不存在没有过错的人。as（1）as-限定（即限制性定语从句）限定（即限制性定语从句）固定搭配：固定搭配：such,as,the same +asAt exactly the same time as this new realization of the finite character of health-care resources was sinkin

19、g in,an awareness of a contrary kind was developing in Western society.（剑（剑4,T4,R）就在保健资源是有限的这个新知识被理解的同时，就在保健资源是有限的这个新知识被理解的同时，一种相反的观点也在西方社会逐步形成。一种相反的观点也在西方社会逐步形成。（2）as-非限定非限定 位置：位置：句首。（句中，句末）句首。（句中，句末）先行词：先行词：整个主句。整个主句。常见用法：常见用法：As I said before,As I mentioned before,As you can see,As will be observ

20、ed,whereby=by which “凭借，借以凭借，借以”政府可以推行一个体系，让产生更多垃圾政府可以推行一个体系，让产生更多垃圾的个人和公司支付更多的资金，用于处理垃圾的个人和公司支付更多的资金，用于处理垃圾.（剑（剑5,G,TB,W）The government could introduce a system whereby individuals and companies that produce more waste must pay more money,to cover the cost of dealing with it.【课堂练习】【课堂练习】:1._ I ment

21、ioned before,I think the pendant brings me good luck.(剑剑3,T4,S)2.Families have also experienced changes these years.More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents;consequently,children are likely to have less supervision at home _ was common in the traditional family structure

22、.A.than B.that C.which D.as 1)_ is known to us all,the whale is not fish but a mammal.2)_ is known to us all that the whale is not fish but a mammal.3)_ is known to us all is that the whale is not fish but a mammal.1.The Internet gives us access to much more information in a much shorter time _ is a

23、vailable with conventional shopping methods.（剑（剑3,T4,S）2.The building may be in a conservation area or near housing,in that case it will be much more difficult to consider changes.(剑剑7,G,T,R)KEY：than;in which case（4 4）介词）介词+引导词引导词 可接的关系代词可接的关系代词:which,whomwhich,whom 介词的选择：介词的选择：1 1）与先行词搭配）与先行词搭配 2 2

24、）与从句中某个词（动词）搭配）与从句中某个词（动词）搭配 3 3）语义表达的需要）语义表达的需要 1 1）与先行词搭配）与先行词搭配 We are aware of the extent We are aware of the extent to whichto which a positive attitude contributes to a positive attitude contributes to success.success.我们知道积极的态度在多大程度上促进成功。我们知道积极的态度在多大程度上促进成功。【练】公众通过游行示威这种方式，可以有效地【练】公众通过游行示威这种方式

25、，可以有效地让政府官员们注意到不平等的社会现实。让政府官员们注意到不平等的社会现实。Public demonstrations are an Public demonstrations are an effective effective _._.the people can bring social the people can bring social inequalities to the attention of inequalities to the attention of government officials.government officials.2 2）与从句中某个词（

26、动词）搭配）与从句中某个词（动词）搭配 A genius is a man who does unique A genius is a man who does unique things things of whichof which nobody would expect nobody would expect him to be capable.him to be capable.天才是指这个人做的事情独一无二，而且没有人天才是指这个人做的事情独一无二，而且没有人料到他有能力做到。料到他有能力做到。【练】【练】许多嗜睡的人都患有嗜睡病，其早期症许多嗜睡的人都患有嗜睡病，其早期症状就是在白

27、天都极度想睡觉。状就是在白天都极度想睡觉。Many hypersomniacs suffer from Many hypersomniacs suffer from marcolepsy,_.marcolepsy,_.the primary the primary is is excessive daytime sleepiness.excessive daytime sleepiness.3 3）语义表达的需要）语义表达的需要【练】【练】知识是我们借以飞上天堂的翅膀。知识是我们借以飞上天堂的翅膀。Knowledge is the wings_.Knowledge is the wings_.

28、with/through/by whichwith/through/by which we fly to the we fly to the heavens.heavens.【课后练习】【课后练习】1.The particular individual _ whom one is concerned in the analysis of any situation is usually given the name of focal person.(剑剑3,T2,R)2.Ironically,France had the lowest spending in perfume,something

29、 _ which it is famous,perhaps because perfume is cheaper in France.(剑剑3,T2,W)3.This echo-location in bats is often compared with radar,the principle _ which is similar 5.The only way _ which productivity could be increased was to change the size of the work group.（剑（剑3,T4,R）14.How can you tell an As

30、iatic lion from an African lion,_ which youre probably more familiar?（剑（剑6,T4,L）18.This is the point _ which real problems occur.（剑（剑2,T2,W）练习：练习：P126 P126 五五1,2,3,5,14,181,2,3,5,14,18难点：难点：关系副词关系副词When=介词介词+关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词Where=介词介词+关系代词关系代词 判断判断：(1)where,which,in which,thatIt is the factory _ I w

31、orked years ago.It is the factory _ I worked in years ago.It is the factory in _ I worked years ago.It is the factory _ I talked about years ago.It is in the factory _ I worked years ago.(2)when,which,on which,thatI cherished the holiday_ we studied together.I cherished the holiday_ we studied on to

32、gether.I cherished the holiday on_ we studied together.I cherished the holiday _ we spend together.多重定语从句多重定语从句 In Nunavuts igloo society,where adults who were born in igloos have children who may never have been out on the land,theres high incidence of depression.（剑（剑6，T1，R）在在Nunavut拱形圆顶小屋的社会中，抑郁症发

33、病拱形圆顶小屋的社会中，抑郁症发病率很高，因为成年人曾在拱形圆顶小屋里出生，率很高，因为成年人曾在拱形圆顶小屋里出生，而他们的孩子却可能永远不曾迈出家门，到外面而他们的孩子却可能永远不曾迈出家门，到外面的世界去。的世界去。In other words,they gave no indication of an appreciation of either the range of ways in which rainforests are important or the complex social,economic and political factors which drive the

34、 activities which are destroying the rainforests.（剑（剑4，T1，R）换句话说，他们既没有显示出对热带雨林的重要换句话说，他们既没有显示出对热带雨林的重要范围的重视，也没有显示出对那些复杂的社会，范围的重视，也没有显示出对那些复杂的社会，经济和政治因素的重视，这些因素促使人们从事经济和政治因素的重视，这些因素促使人们从事一些破坏热带雨林的活动。一些破坏热带雨林的活动。THE END复习复习(定语从句）定语从句）1，概念（先行词，引导词），概念（先行词，引导词）2，引导词，引导词 关系代词，关系代词，关系副词，关系副词，特殊引导词，特殊引导词，介

35、词介词+引导词引导词 3.多重定语从句多重定语从句作业作业 P133,1-6练习练习:Despite much research,there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that is not fully understood.Key:-is:are 定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致.定语从句中的定语从句中的用单数还是复数用单数还是复数,这不取这不取决于关系词决于关系词,而是由先行词决定的而是由先行词决定的.2.改错改错 Confidence is probably one of the most

36、 noticeable traits in the Americans.They show confidence in the way how they talk,the way how they smile,the way how they dress and the way how they walk.delete“how”定语从句中定语从句中,关系副词没有关系副词没有how.如果如果要表达方式要表达方式,我们用以下句型我们用以下句型:the way+that/in which/+从句从句 3.判断以下两个判断以下两个that从句的区别从句的区别.1)The rumor turned ou

37、t to be untrue.2)The rumor turned out to be untrue.P130合并句子合并句子 1.I know many rich people.None of them are happy.(剑剑3,G,TB,W)4.At the five-star hotel we ate dinner and drank lots of beer and champagne.In the evening,all the students went to a formal reception at a five-star hotel.(剑剑3,T3,S)5.The eve

38、nt started with the students gathering in a large hall.In the large hall we were given the robes and hats.We wore the robes and hats during the ceremony.(剑剑3,T3,S)P133-翻译翻译 1.总有许多外国留学生来中国学习总有许多外国留学生来中国学习.(剑剑3,T3,S)2.正如谚语所说正如谚语所说,“给人一条鱼给人一条鱼,可以养活他可以养活他一天一天;教会人捕鱼教会人捕鱼,可以养活他一生可以养活他一生.”(剑剑3,T4,W)3，我认为对电

39、脑将会带来的好处保持怀疑，我认为对电脑将会带来的好处保持怀疑很重要。很重要。（剑（剑1,G,W）I think its important to be suspicious of the benefits that computer will bring.4，关于大学应该以什么为基础来录取学生，关于大学应该以什么为基础来录取学生的问题一直存在争论。的问题一直存在争论。（剑（剑5,T1,W）There has been some debate about the basis on which universities should accept students.5，这一定会有害于居住和工作在半

40、径，这一定会有害于居住和工作在半径5英英里范围内的所有人。里范围内的所有人。（剑（剑3,G,TB,W）This would definitely be detrimental to all the people who work or live within a five-mile radius.高分作文句子高分作文句子【练】仍然有许多人【练】仍然有许多人持传统的观点持传统的观点，认为，认为寄宿学寄宿学校校对孩子的学习对孩子的学习发挥着发挥着及其重要的及其重要的作用作用。(教育话题）教育话题）Hold the traditional ideas/live under Hold the trad

41、itional ideas/live under the traditional ideasthe traditional ideas boarding schoolsboarding schools playroles in sth.playroles in sth.NowadaysNowadays，there arethere are still many still many people people who who live under the traditional live under the traditional ideas that boarding schools pla

42、y an ideas that boarding schools play an extremely important role in childrens extremely important role in childrens study.study.【课后练习】对于父母亲来说，如果比较传统的话，就应【课后练习】对于父母亲来说，如果比较传统的话，就应该使自己比较现代或学习从孩子的角度看问题；如果他们该使自己比较现代或学习从孩子的角度看问题；如果他们整日忙于工作的话，就必须每天抽出时间来在自由的气氛整日忙于工作的话，就必须每天抽出时间来在自由的气氛中和孩子交流，享受由此带来的温暖。中和孩子

43、交流，享受由此带来的温暖。（家庭话题）（家庭话题）With regard to parents,those who are traditional must keep themselves up-to-date or learn to see things the way their children do,and those who always bury themselves in work must spend some time every day with their children enjoying the warmth created through exchanges of ideas in a free atmosphere.