英语语法专业术语整理(精品)

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1、英语语法专业术语 本次听写要求：挑选部分英语术语打在PPT上，学生按序号写出相应中文术语。（一）词类 part of speech实词 notional word nunl 虚词 structural word/ form word (e.g. article preposition conjunction interjection)派生词derivative dirivtiv,drivtiv复合词compound kmpaund,kmpaund词性part of speech名词 noun专有名词 proper noun普通名词 common noun可数名词 countable noun不

2、可数名词 uncountable noun单数形式 singular form复数形式 plural form plurl,plurl抽象名词 abstract noun bstrkt,bstrkt具体名词 concrete noun knkri:t物质名词 material noun集体名词 collective noun个体名词 individual noun动词 verb主动词 main verb及物动词 transitive verb trnsitiv,trnstiv不及物动词 intransitive verb intrnsitiv,intrnstiv系动词 link verb助动词

3、 auxiliary verb :gziljri情态动词 modal verb规则动词 regular verb不规则动词 irregular verb短语动词 phrasal verb freizl,freizl限定动词 finite verb fainait非限定动词 infinite verb infinit,infnit使役动词 causative verb k:ztiv感官动词 verb of senses动态动词 event verb静态动词 state verb形容词 adjective比较等级 degrees of comparison原级 positive degree比较级

4、 comparative degree最高级 superlative degree副词 adverb方式副词 adverb of manner程度副词 adverb of degree时间副词 adverb of time地点副词 adverb of place修饰性副词 adjunct连接性副词 conjunct疑问副词interrogative adverb .intrgtiv关系副词 relative adverb代词 pronoun prunaun人称代词 personal pronoun物主代词 possessive pronoun pzesiv反身代词 reflexive pron

5、oun rifleksiv相互代词 reciprocal pronoun risiprkl指示代词 demonstrative pronoun dimnstrtiv疑问代词 interrogative pronoun .intrgtiv关系代词 relative pronoun不定代词 indefinite pronoun indefinit,indefnit名词性物主代词 nominal possessive pronoun形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun .diktaivl冠词 article定冠词 definite article defini

6、t,defnit不定冠词 indefinite article介词 preposition prepzin连词 conjunction kndkn感叹词 exclamation .eksklmein数词 numeral nju:mrl基数词 cardinal numeral k:dinl,k:dnl序数词 ordinal numeral :dinl,:dnl分数词 fractional numeral frknl限定动词 finite verb form fainait非限定动词 non-finite verb form nnfinit原形 base form数 number单数形式 sing

7、ular form复数形式 plural form规则形式 regular form不规则形式 irregular form格 case普通格 common case所有格 possessive case主格 nominative case宾格 objective case bdektiv性 gender dend阳性 masculine mskjulin,mskjlin阴性 feminine feminin,femnin通性 common中性 neuter nju:t人称 person第一人称 first person 第二人称 second person 第三人称 third person

8、（二）句子句子成分 members of sentences主语 subject谓语 predicate predikeit,predikit宾语 object双宾语 dual object dju:l直接宾语 direct object间接宾语 indirect object复合宾语 complex object同源宾语 cognate object kg.neit补语 complement kmplimnt,kmpl.ment,kmplmnt主补 subject complement宾补 object complement表语 predicative pridi.ktiv,predi.ke

9、itiv定语 attribute tribju:t,tribju:t,tribjut,tr.bju:t同位语 appositive pzitiv状语 adverbial dv:bil从句 clause从属句 subordinate clause sb:dineit,sb:dn.eit,sb:dnit并列句 coordinate clause ku:dneit,ku:dnit,ku:dneit名词从句 nominal clause nminl,nmnl定语从句 attributive clause tribjutiv,tribjtiv状语从句 adverbial clause dv:bil宾语从

10、句 object clause主语从句 subject clause同位语从句 appositive clause pzitiv时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession knsen原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result目的状语从句 adverbial clause of purpo

11、se条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition简单句 simple sentence并列句 compound sentence复合句 complex sentence并列复合句 compound complex senten

12、ce陈述句 declarative sentence diklrtiv疑问句 interrogative sentence .intrgtiv一般疑问句 general question特殊疑问句 special question选择疑问句 alternative question :lt:ntiv附加疑问句 tag question反义疑问句 disjunctive question disdktiv修辞疑问句 rhetorical question ritrikl感叹疑问句 exclamatory question iksklm.tri,iksklm.turi存在句 existential

13、 sentence .egzistenl肯定句 positive sentence基本句型 basic sentence pattern否定句 negative sentence祈使句 imperative sentence impertiv省略句 elliptical sentence iliptikl感叹句 exclamatory sentence iksklm.tri,iksklm.turi句法关系syntactic relationship sintktik并列 coordinate ku:dneit,ku:dnit,ku:dneit从属 subordination sb.:dinei

14、n,sb.:dnein修饰 modification .mdifikein,.mdfkein前置修饰 pre-modification .mdifikein,.mdfkein后置修饰 post-modification .mdifikein,.mdfkein限制 restriction ristrikn双重限制 double-restriction非限制 non-restriction时态 tense过去将来时 past future tense过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense过去将来完成时 past future perfect tense一般现在时

15、present simple tense一般过去时 past simple tense一般将来时 future simple tense现在完成时 past perfect tense过去完成时 present perfect tense将来完成时 future perfect tense现在进行时 present continuous tense过去进行时 past continuous tense将来进行时 future continuous tense过去将来进行时 past future continuous tense现在完成进行时 present perfect continuou

16、s tense过去完成进行时 past perfect continuous tense语态 voice主动语态 active voice 被动语态 passive voice语气 mood陈述语气 indicative mood indiktiv 祈使语气 imperative mood impertiv虚拟语气 subjunctive mood sbdktiv否定 negation nigein否定范围 scope of negation skup 全部否定 full negation局部否定 partial negation p:l 转移否定 shift of negation语序 or

17、der自然语序 natural order 倒装语序 inversion inv:n全部倒装 full inversion 部分倒装 partial inversion直接引语 direct speech 间接引语 indirect speech自由直接引语 free direct speech 自由间接引语 free indirect speech一致 agreement主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement predikeit,predikit语法一致 grammatical agreement grmtikl概念一致 notional agreement nun

18、l就近原则 principle of proximity prksimiti,prksimti强调 emphasis emfsis /emphasize emfsaiz,emf.saiz 重复 repetition .repitin语音 pronunciation 语调 tone 升调 rising tone 降调 falling tone 降升调 falling-rising tone文体 style 正式文体 formal 非正式文体 informal用法 usage感情色彩 emotional coloring klri褒义 commendatory kmendtri,kmend.turi 贬义 derogatory dirgtri,dirg.turi幽默 humorous hju:mrs 讽刺 sarcastic s:kstik挖苦 ironic airnik 语法 grammar句法 syntax sintks 词法 morphology m:fldi结构 structure 层次 rank 句子 sentence 从句 clause 词组 phrase 插入语parenthesis5