2013年考研英语(一)真题及参考答案

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1、欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！2013 年考研英语(一)真题及参考答案 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！2013 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）真题及参考答案 Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 poin

2、ts)People are,on the whole,poor at considering background information when making individual decisions.At first glance this might seem like a strength that _1_ the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by _2_ factors.But Dr Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big _3_ was le

3、ading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with._4_,he theorised that a judge _5_ of appearing too soft _6_crime might be more likely to send someone to prison _7_he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on t

4、hat day.To _8_this idea,they turned their attention to the university-admissions process.In theory,the _9_ of an applicant should not depend on the few others_10_ randomly for interview during the same day,but Dr Simonsohn suspected the truth was_11_.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews _1

5、2_ by 31 admissions officers.The interviewers had _13_ applicants on a scale of one to five.This scale _14_ numerous factors into consideration.The scores were _15_ used in conjunction with an applicant s score on the GMAT,a standardised exam which is _16_out of 800 points,to make a decision on whet

6、her to accept him or her.Dr Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one _17_ that,then the score for the next applicant would_18_ by an average of 0.075 points.This might sound small,but to_19_the effect

7、s of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been _20_.1.A grants B submits C transmits D dilivers 2.A minor B external C crucial D objective 3.A issue B vision C picture D moment 4.A Above all B On average C In principle D For example 5.A fond B fearful

8、C capable D thoughtless 6.A in B for C to D on 7.A if B until C though D unless 8.A.test B.emphasize C.share D.promote 9.A.decision B.quality C.status D.success欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档

9、！C Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.D Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text 2 An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is,no one knows which half.In the internet age,at least in theory,this fraction can be much reduced.By watching what people search for,

10、click on and say online,companies can aim“behavioural”ads at those most likely to buy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such fine-grained information:Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads?Or should they

11、have explicit permission?In December 2010 Americas Federal Trade Cornmission(FTC)proposed adding a do not track(DNT)option to internet browsers,so that users could tell adwertisers that they did not want to be followed.Microsofts Internet Explorer and Apples Safari both offer DNT;Googles Chrome is d

12、ue to do so this year.In February the FTC and Digltal Adwertising Alliance(DAA)agreed that the industry would get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row:It said that Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appear windows 8,would have DNT as a default.It is not y

13、et clear how advertisers will respond.Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking,although some companies have promised to do so.Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsofts default,some may ignore a DNT signal and pres

14、s on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.Atter all,it has an ad business too,which it says will comply with DNT requests,though it is still working out how.If it is trying to upset Google,which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm.DNT does not seem an obviously hug

15、e selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Googles on that count before.Brendon Lynch,M Microsofts chief privacy officer,bloggde:we believe consumers should have more control.Could it really be that simple?26.It is suggested in paragraph 1 t

16、hat“behavioural”ads help advertisers to:A ease competition among themselves B lower their operational costs C avoid complaints from consumers 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！D provide better online services 27.“The industry”(Line 6,Para.3)refers to:A online advertisers B e-commerce co

17、nductors C digital information analysis D internet browser developers 28.Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default A many cut the number of junk ads B fails to affect the ad industry C will not benefit consumers D goes against human nature 29.which of the following is ture according to Paragra

18、ph.6?A DNT may not serve its intended purpose B Advertisers are willing to implement DNT C DNT is losing its popularity among consumers D Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads 30.The authors attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:A indulgence B understanding C appr

19、eciaction D skepticism Text 3 Up until a few decades ago,our visions of the future were largely-though by no means uniformly-glowingly positive.Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity,leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.Now utopia has grown unfashionable,as we

20、have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us,from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change.You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.But such gloominess is misplaced.The fossil record shows that many species have endure

21、d for millions of years-so why shouldnt we?Take a broader look at our species place in the universe,and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens,if not hundreds,of thousands of years.Look up Homo sapiens in the Red List of threatened species of the International Union

22、for the Conversation of Nature(IUCN),and you will read:Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed,adaptable,currently increasing,and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！So what does our deep futur

23、e hold?A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinking seriously about that question.For example,the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.Perhaps willfully,it may be easier to think about su

24、ch lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future.The potential evolution of todays technology,and its social consequences,is dazzlingly complicated,and its perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage.Thats one reason why

25、we have launched Arc,a new publication dedicated to the near future.But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance.As so often,the past holds the key to the future:we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the

26、planet,and our species,to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves.This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad.To be sure,the future is not all rosy.But we are now knowledgeable enough

27、to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans,and to improve the lot of those to come.31.Our vision of the future used to be inspired by A our desire for lives of fulfillment B our faith in science and technology C our awareness of potential risks D our belief in equal

28、opportunity 32.The IUCNs“Red List”suggest that human being are A a sustained species B a threaten to the environment C the worlds dominant power D a misplaced race 33.Which of the following is true according to Paragraph 5?A Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies.B Technology offers solu

29、tions to social problem.C The interest in science fiction is on the rise.D Our Immediate future is hard to conceive.34.To ensure the future of mankind,it is crucial to A explore our planets abundant resources B adopt an optimistic view of the world 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！C dr

30、aw on our experience from the past D curb our ambition to reshape history 35.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A Uncertainty about Our Future B Evolution of the Human Species C The Ever-bright Prospects of Mankind D Science,Technology and Humanity Text 4 On a five to three

31、vote,the Supreme Court knocked out much of Arizonas immigration law Monday-a modest policy victory for the Obama Aministration.But on the more important matter of the Constitution,the decision was an 8-0 defeat for the federal government and the states.An arizona.United States,the majority overturne

32、d three of the four contested provisions of Arizonas controversial plan to have state and local police enfour federal immigrations law.The Constitutional principles that Washington alone has the power to establish a uniform Rule of Anturalization and that federal laws precede state laws are noncontr

33、oversial.Arizona had attempted to fashion state police that ran to the existing federal ones.Justice Anthony Kennedy,joined by Chief Justice John Roberts and the Courts liberals,ruled that the state flew too close to the federal sun.On the overturned provisions the majority held the congress had del

34、iberately occupied the field and Arizona had thus intruded on the federals privileged powers However,the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement.That s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state

35、immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues.Two of the three objecting Justice-Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas-agreed with this Constitutional logic but disagreed about which Arizona rules conflicted with the federal st

36、atute.The only major objection came from Justice Antonin Scalia,who offered an even more robust defense of state privileges going back to the alien and Sedition Acts.The 8-0 objection to President Obama tures on what Justice Samuel Alito describes in his objection as“a shocking assertion assertion o

37、f federal executive power”.The White House argued tha Arizonas laws conflicted with its enforcement priorities,even if state laws complied with federal statutes to the letter.In effect,the White House claimed that it could invalidate any otherwise legitimate state law that it disagrees with.欢迎您阅读并下载

38、本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Some powers do belong exclusively to the federal government,and control of citizenship and the borders is among them.But if Congress wanted to prevent states from using their own resources to check immigration status,it could.It could.It never did so.The admini

39、stration was in essence asserting that because it didnt want to carry out Congresss immigration wishes,no state should be allowed to do so either.Every Justice rightly rejected this remarkable claim.36.Three provisions of Arizonas plan were overturned because they A deprived the federal police of Co

40、nstitutional powers.B disturbed the power balance between different states.C overstepped the authority of federal immigration law.D contradicted both the federal and state policies.37.On which of the following did the Justices agree,according to Paragraph4?A Federal officers duty to withhold immigra

41、ntsinformation.B States independence from federal immigration law.C States legitimate role in immigration enforcement.D Congresss intervention in immigration enforcement.38.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that the Alien and Sedition Acts A violated the Constitution.B undermined the states intere

42、sts.C supported the federal statute.D stood in favor of the states.39.The White House claims that its power of enforcement A outweighs that held by the states.B is dependent on the states support.C is established by federal statutes.D rarely goes against state laws.40.What can be learned from the la

43、st paragraph?A Immigration issues are usually decided by Congress.B Justices intended to check the power of the Administrstion.C Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress.D The Administration is dominant over immigration issues.Part B Directions:In the following text,some sentence

44、s have been removed.For Questions 41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the blanks.Mark your answers on 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！ANSWER SHEET1.（10 points）The social sci

45、ences are flourishing.As of 2005,there were almost half a million professional social scientists from all fields in the world,working both inside and outside academia.According to the World Social Science Report 2010,the number of social-science students worldwide has swollen by about 11%every year

46、since 2000.Yet this enormous resource in not contributing enough to todays global challenges including climate change,security,sustainable development and health.(41)_Humanity has the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate hunger,from genetically engineered crops to arificial fertilizers.He

47、re,too,the problems are social:the organization and distribution of food,wealth and prosperity.(42)_This is a shamethe community should be grasping the opportunity to raise its influence in the real world.To paraphrase the great social scientist Joseph Schumpeter:there is no radical innovation witho

48、ut creative destruction.Today,the social sciences are largely focused on disciplinary problems and internal scholarly debates,rather than on topics with external impact.Analyses reveal that the number of papers including the keywords“environmental changed”or“climate change”have increased rapidly sin

49、ce 2004,(43)_ When social scientists do tackle practical issues,their scope is often local:Belgium is interested mainly in the effects of poverty on Belgium for example.And whether the communitys work contributes much to an overall accumulation of knowledge is doubtful.The problem is not necessarily

50、 the amount of available funding(44)_this is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction.Social scientists who complain about a lack of funding should not expect more in todays economic climate.The trick is to direct these funds better.The European Union Framework funding progra

51、ms have long had a category specifically targeted at social scientists.This year,it was proposed that system be changed:Horizon 2020,a new program to be enacted in 2014,would not have such a category,This has resulted in protests from social scientists.But the intention is not to neglect social scie

52、nce;rather,the complete opposite.(45)_That should create more collaborative endeavors and help to develop projects aimed directly at solving global problems.A It could be that we are evolving two communities of social scientists:one that is discipline-oriented and publishing in highly 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文

53、档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！specialized journals,and one that is problem-oriented and publishing elsewhere,such as policy briefs.B However,the numbers are still small:in 2010,about 1,600 of the 100,000 social-sciences papers published globally included one of these Keywords.C the idea is to for

54、ce social to integrate their work with other categories,including health and demographic change food security,marine research and the bio-economy,clear,efficient energy;and inclusive,innovative and secure societies.D the solution is to change the mindset of the academic community,and what it conside

55、rs to be its main goal.Global challenges and social innovation ought to receive much more attention from scientists,especially the young ones.E These issues all have root causes in human behavior.all require behavioral change and social innovations,as well as technological development.Stemming clima

56、te change,for example,is as much about changing consumption patterns and promoting tax acceptance as it is about developing clean energy.F Despite these factors,many social scientists seem reluctant to tackle such problems.And in Europe,some are up in arms over a proposal to drop a specific funding

57、category for social-science research and to integrate it within cross-cutting topics of sustainable development.G During the late 1990s,national spending on social sciences and the humanities as a percentage of all research and development funds-including government,higher education,non-profit and c

58、orporate-varied from around 4%to 25%;in most European nations,it is about 15%.Part C Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a

59、 basic need in the individuals who made them:the need for creative expression.There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create,express,fashion,and beautify and that self-expression is a basic human urge;(46)Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homele

60、ss,it strikes one that,for all their diversity of styles,these gardens speak os various other 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！Section III Writing Part A 51.Directions:Write an e-mail of about 100 words to a foreign teacher in your college

61、,inviting him/her to be a judge for the upcoming English speech contest.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e-mail.Use“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)Part B 52.Directions:Write

62、 an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should 1)describe the drawing briefly.2)interpret its intended meaning,and 3)give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请

63、联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！2013 年全国研究生入学考试英语一答案 1.A(grants)2.B(external)3.C（picture）4.D(for example)5.B(fearful)6.D(on)7.A(if)8.A(test)9.D(success)10.C(chosen)11.A(otherwise)12.C(conducted)13.B(rated)14.C(took)15.B(then)16.C(marked)17.D(before)18.D(drop)19.B(undo)20.A(necessary)Text 1 21.Priestly criticize

64、s her assistant for her B insensitivity to fashion.22.According to Cline,mass-maket labels urge consumers to D shop for their garments more frequently.23.The word“indictment”(Line 3,Para.2)is closest in meaning to A accusation.欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请联系删除！我们将竭诚为您提供优质的文档！24.Which of the following

65、can be inferred from the lase paragraph D Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing 25.What is the subject of the text C Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.Text 2 26.It is suggested in paragraph 1 that“behavioural”ads help advertisers to:B lower their operational costs 27.“The industry

66、”(Line 6,Para.3)refers to:A online advertisers 28.Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default C will not benefit consumers 29.which of the following is ture according to Paragraph.6 A DNT may not serve its intended purpose 30.The authors attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:D skepticism Text3 31B our faith in science and technology 32A a sustained species 33D Our Immediate future is hard to conceive 34C draw onour experience from the past 欢迎您阅读并下载本文档，本文档来源于互联网，如有侵权请