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1、 湖南新高考写作策略之我见 高二外语组 张莉娟写作是历年高考英语的重头戏之一，它旨在考查考生的英语表达能力，即运用学过的英语知识和掌握的技能，以书面语言形式进行思想交流的能力。写作题作为要求考生输出所学知识的测试题，较之语法选择、完形填空、阅读理解等项目更能直接考查学生们运用英语进行表达的能力。湖南高考英语作文以培养学生的创新能力为目的正向开放性发展。要求考生写出120词的短文，在一定的语境中准确使用英语语法和词汇；并清楚连贯地用英语表达自己的意思。命题开放度将进一步加大，基本上不再控制写作内容。湖南高考英语作文有如下特点：紧扣课标，教材和考试说明，所选话题贴近学生学习生活，为学生所熟悉，易于

2、表达，考生有话可写；要求考生能够发表自己的观点和感想；留给学生足够的写作空间。 （一）高考写作的基本方法 考生英语作文常犯语言知识方面的错误有以下几个方面：一是时态运用混乱,二是句子结构不全, 三是短文要点欠缺, 四是词性分辨不清, 五是词语用法不准, 六是汉语式表达普遍。大多数同学英语语感不强，写出来的英语不地道。针对这些错误，写作过程中，要处理好三个问题：1. 遣词造句：始终选用自己最熟悉的词语和句型以及自己最有把握的表达形式。2. 变换句式：如强调句、倒装句、被动句、非限制性定语从句和固定句型等。 3. 过渡自然：在句与句、段与段之间恰当使用一些过渡词会使文章增色。 因此，考生要掌握下列

3、写作程序和方法：1）审题：首先要读懂题目，明确要求，确定文章的体裁和时态，准确把握内容。2）拟写提纲：紧扣主题，抓住要领；精心构思，覆盖要点；组织材料，罗列内容。具体应做好以下几件事： 以第几人称写？基本时态是什么？如何开头，如何结尾？如何正确使用格式？（如果原文未提供）如何按时间及图画的先后把内容紧密衔接起来？可能要用到的词语、句型及关联词有哪些？3）细心写作，合理布局：首先注意写好开头。如果第一句话就有毛病，无疑会给评卷人一个不好的印象。要尽量选择自己最有把握、最熟悉的表达方式。内容既要齐全，无遗漏，又要就事论事，避免画蛇添足，节外生枝，更不能漫无边际，想写什么就写什么。力求全文通顺连贯，

4、脉络清晰，层次分明，略显文采。4）认真检查，力求高分：（主要从以下几个方面检查）内容有无遗漏，有无多余；内容是否符合主题要求；是否有开头结尾；如果原文提供开头，你的衔接是否准确；格式是否正确；人称对否？是否一致？有无语法错误（如语序，主谓一致，名词单复数，冠词，动词形式，时态语态等）？字数是否过多或太少？5) 牢记习惯的表达，增强文章的顺畅连贯性（二）湖南高考写作的应考策略细心审题确定体裁和思路,明确内容要点，掌握应用文体的遣词造句，写好“叙述+观点”类的题湖南高考英语作文开放性进一步扩大，基本上不再控制写作内容，这就增加了写作难度，写作的优劣或成败的关键环节是审题，目的是明确要求我们写什么，

5、应该用什么体裁来写，因此要认真读题。首先，了解要求写的文章的体裁是什么。只有体裁正确，才能达到写作的目的。近年来高考书面表达的体裁一般都是应用文体，如书信、书面报告、发言稿等。书信又分为私人信件和比较正式的信件，写给私人的信的用语与写给报社、领导等有关方面的正式信件是不一样的。书信还有一定的格式。其次，明确要写的内容要点是什么。题目如果有图画、图表或表格，除了题目中的文字叙述外，要特别注意图画、图表或表格中所要求的内容不能有遗漏。根据高考书面表达评分标准，要获得高分，“必须覆盖所有的内容要点”，“叙述+观点”是常见的出题形式，2010年的高考湖南卷就是这种形式。新课标高考真题2010年高考湖南

6、卷假设你和几位同学成立了一个英语俱乐部，开展了为期两个月的活动。现在，你将代表俱乐部在课堂上进行经验交流，请写一篇英语发言稿，主要内容如下：1简要描述俱乐部开展的一项与英语有关的主要活动：2谈谈你们开展该活动的收获。注意：1词数不少于120个；2不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。解析：1形式: 叙事+体会 2.体裁： 发言稿3.内容 进行经验交流：描述俱乐部开展的一项与英语有关的主要活动 开展该活动的收获4 短文结构: Paragraph 1 : 发言稿开头语+介绍背景+提出主题 Paragraph 2 : 简述一项俱乐部开展的与英语有关的活动（演唱英语歌曲大赛）Paragraph 3: 开展该活动

7、的收获Paragraph 4 发言稿结束语.5.基本时态： 一般过去时(简述活动)+一般现在时(其它) 6 人称 第一人称7 参考范文：Dear teacher and classmates, Its a great pleasure for me to share our experience of our English club with you. Two months ago, several classmates and I formed an English club to improve our English. Since then, we have been performi

8、ng a series of activities. Today Id like to tell something about our great performance-English Songs Contest.Our English Songs Contest is meant to arouse our interest in English and become best English speakers. It began last month and ended this month, which lasted 5 weeks . About two thirds of our

9、 classmates took part in the contest, during which over 60 English songs were sung in all. Some sang while playing the instrument. Others sang while dancing. We had lots of fun.It is the contest that attracts more of us in learning English and makes us absorbed in beautiful English sounds.Thank you

10、for listening. 请记住一些文体的常用语1.信件或email开头语： Your letter came to me this morning. Nice to read your e-mail today. I notice that I have received your letter of July the 20th. Im writing to you about the lecture to be given next Monday. Im writing to ask if you can come next week. I am writing to share th

11、e great happiness of How time flies! Its three months since I saw you last. Thank you for your letter. In reply to your letter about (the exhibition this year); Let me tell you that It is heard that ten workers are needed in your company. Im writing to apply for the very part- time job you offered .

12、I am confident that I am qualified for the position.Im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.结尾语： Please remember me to your whole family. Give my best regards (wishes) to your mother. Best wishes. With love. Wish you a pleasant journey. Wish you success. Wish

13、 you the best of health. (luck) Hope youll find a job soonLooking forward to your next visit to China./ the pleasure of meeting you. Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.I will enclose some pictures taken that evening.Thank you for your consideration.Id appreciate it if you can take my app

14、lication in to account. Ill never let you down if I am offered the precious opportunity. Im looking forward to the good news from you.By the way, could I have a photo of Sulin taken on her third birthday? Thank you very much in advance.2. 口头通知开头的称呼语(被通知的对象)：Boys and girlsLadies and gentlemen Good af

15、ternoon, everyone.提醒听众注意的语句： Attention, please! Your attention, please! May I have your attention, please? 结束语：Thank you(for listening)Thats all. Thanks. 3. 发言稿/演讲稿The topic of my speech today is “Being a Good Listener”.Today Id like to talk about what we are losing in computer time.Im very delighte

16、d to say something about our discussion about this problem.Its a great pleasure for me to share my experience abroad with you. 4叙事常用句Last weekend I went on an eco-travel with a travel agency.April 12 is memorable because our class had a meaningful experience on that day.We came up with several choic

17、es such as going boating, climbing a mountain, and going to an amusement park. Finally, we decided to go mountain climbing.After getting the work done, we put up a board reminding people to protect the treesBefore leaving we took some photos to record our green action.As I stepped into my classroom

18、for the first time, I was worrying.To my disappointment, all the students put on a confusing face, their eyes full of puzzle.However, when reached the top, we were shocked to see litter here and there, such as bottles and banana peels.I was going to sleep when somebody knocked the door.拓展思路规范短文结构，提炼

19、基本论点与论据注意篇章逻辑关系表述，写好“ 说明与议论”类的题湖南高考作文题的开放度增大，难度更大，效度也更高。因为它只给出文章的主题(Topic)，具体内容完全由考生来发挥。它不但考查学生的英语语言能力，同时也考查考生的认识水平、思想方法等综合素质，而且对学生的想象能力、发散思维能力、归纳判断能力和思辨能力提出了更高的要求。 论说文和说明文是常考的文体，它要求学生根据提供的材料，谈自己的观点和看法。考生要灵活处理所给材料，做到综合分析、 归纳要点、提炼观点、力求论点合理、论据充分。 有些考生在写这种类型的题时，往往不知如何下笔，到底该写什么；有的又空话、废话、重复的话连篇，无结构层次可言。因

20、此考生必须借助提示进行拓展、创造性思维的训练。如果平时训练不到位，届时就会捉襟见肘的。其实平时有类似的训练，届时就会思路开阔，有话可写。观点理由；目的措施、现象意义、现状打算（呼吁）、事物描写，话题事例、结果原因等。如果学生在写作中遇到任何一点，都可以按照这个思路用一、两句话去支撑、去完善，这样文章上下文就会逻辑关系自然，条理清楚，结构完整。这类文章的结构也是固定的，常见的短文结构是：Paragraph 1 简述某种现象Paragraph 2 现象引出的问题Paragraph 3 需采取的措施Paragraph 1 简述两种观点Paragraph 2 表明你的观点Paragraph 3 说明你

21、的理由/ 2010年高考湖南卷样卷假如你是张华，你所在的学校将建一个学生活动中心，请给校长写一封信，建议可在该中心举行的两种活动。注意：1 词数：不少于120；2 文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。解析： 1.体裁： 论说文 2.内容 建议可在该中心举行的两种活动。 3 基本结构:Paragraph 1 : 信件开头语 + 建议可在该中心举行的两种活动。 Paragraph 2/3 : 推荐两种活动的原因+开展两种活动的方式；Paragraph 4: 总结+信件结尾4.基本时态： 一般现在时 5 人称 第一人称/第二人称6参考范文： Dear Mr. headmaster, Im very pl

22、eased to have learnt the great news that our school is going to set up a student performance centre. Im writing to you to suggest two activities to be held here. That is: academic competitions and art performances We can organize some academic competitions to give us students chances to enforce what

23、 they have learnt in class and to use their knowledge in a practical way. The competitions can cover all the subjects in forms of paper test or completing some task, which can be held in regular time. Art performances is intended to make us students enrich their school life and show our talents, esp

24、ecially those who are not good at their lessons. We can have two, one in the middle of the term, the other in the final. In this way can we make full use of the centre, where we can have fun. Id appreciate it if you can take my suggestions. Hope for our great center.Your faithfullyZhang Hua 议论文常见的词汇

25、和句子表达：1引导并列句的常见连接词/过渡词：not onlybut also/not justbut,（不仅。而且）as well as/ as well /andtoo, （和/也）or/or else/otherwise （否则）but, yet, while(然而)so /thus/therefore (因此/于是)eitheror（要么要么）neithernor（既不也不） on one handon the other hand, （一方面。另一方面）for one thing, for another（一则二则）First, Then, Finally （首先然后最后）besid

26、es/moreover/in addition/ furthermore / on top of /whats more（还有）2表示结论的表达：as far as we know(据我们所知), in a word/ to sum up/ to conclude (总之), in one word(一句话),in short/ in brief, (简而言之) generally speaking（一般来说） that is (to say)(即，也就是说)to tell the truth （说实话） as a result/as a result of （结果）It shows that

27、(这表明)There is no doubt that(毫无疑问),As everybody knows(众所周知)In conclusion, winning is not always the most important goal of a game. The most important thing is the process where we can make friends, improve ourselves, and learn from others.I believe that doing all these small things will improve our e

28、nvironment and help make our world a better place to live in.3 谈论正反两面的句子：People who were interviewed hold two different opinions.Different people hold different opinions. People have taken different attitudes towards People have different opinions on this problem.There are many advantages of45% of t

29、he interviewees are in favor of newspaper reading.Some people prefer wealth, holding that money can not bring everything.However,55%of them dont turn to newspaper to get informationOn the contrary, others hold a different view. However, each coin has two sides. On the other hand, people object that .In my point of view, People can make use of whatever means to gather information, so long as they are convenient to them.As far as I am concerned, I disagree with sb. 只要考生们落实英语基础知识，多积累，多练习，从而形成灵活运用语言的能力，掌握驾驭考题的技巧，就能在高考中发挥最佳水平，写出好文章。