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1、.1浅谈初中英语中的浅谈初中英语中的“主谓一致主谓一致”.2有关“主谓一致”的试题,在近几年的中考英语试题中以多种形式出现。如:单项选择、单句改错、短文改错、同义句转换、时态填空等,题型多样。不少学生对此类试题迷惑不解,望而生畏,不知从何下手。为了使同学们掌握它,现对初中英语中“主谓一致的问题归纳总结如下.3n一、最基本的主谓一致规则n初中课本中最基本的主谓一致规则是:单则单,复则复,即主语为单数时,谓语动词也用相应的单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词也用相应的复数形式。例如:I am a teacher.We are teachers.但要注意:当表示时间、长度、距离、金钱、度量等词组作主语时
2、,常将其看作是一个整体,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:Two years is quite a long time.Ten dollars is enough.另外,加减乘除也常当作整体对待,谓语动词也用单数形式。例如:Forty-one plus fifty-nine is one hundred.How much is ninety-nine minus sixty-two?.4n二、集体名词作主语时,谓语动词的使用nfamily,class,team等集体名词作主语时,若指一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;但若指其成员时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:The family is very big.
3、Their family are watching TV now.5n三、neither.nor.,either.or.,not.but.,not only.but also.等连词连接两个名词(或代词)作主语时,谓语动词要与靠近它的主语一致(即:就近原则)。例如:Neither he nor I know anything about it.Not only the students but also the teacher has visited the museum.there be结构也属于此类。例如:There is a teacher,a desk,a blackboard,som
4、e desks and some chairs in the classroom.但要注意:bothand表示和都,谓语动词一般用复数形式。例如:Both his father and mother are doctors.6n四、两个主语用and连接时,谓语动词的使用n and连接两个名词(或代词)作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。例如:Mary and Helen are good friends.但要注意:and连接的两个名词只表示一个概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:A singer and dancer is coming.一个歌手兼舞蹈家就要来了。.7n五、politics,ph
5、ysics,works(著作),the United States,news,maths等词作主语时,谓语动词的使用n这类形式上为复数,意义上却是单数的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:The news is very exciting.Physics is a bit difficult for me.但要注意有些名词,如:people(人;人们),police等则是形式为单数,意义是复数,谓语动词要用复数形式。例如:People there are very friendly.8n六、不定代词作主语时,谓语动词的使用n1.something,everything,anything,n
6、othing,everybody,anybody,nobody,everyone,anyone等复合不定代词,以及either,neither(neither of),each(each of),each one,no one,another,more than one,every等代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:Neither of the answers is right.Something is wrong with my computer.n2.both,few,afew,many,several,others作主语,或它们所修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。例如:Af
7、ewpeoplecanliveto100,butfewcanliveto150.Bothofthemareinmyclass.9n七、with,as well as,like等修饰的单数名词作主语,谓语动词的使用n单数名词作主语,且后面有with,as well as,like等修饰时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:1.The teacher with his students has gone to the library.2.Is the woman like you your mother?3.The instrument as well as other spare parts is go
8、ing to be airlifted soon.(该仪器以及其它一些备用件不久将空运。).10n八、动词不定式(或动词不定式短语),V-ing形式以及名词性从句作主语,谓语动词的使用n动词不定式(或动词不定式短语),V-ing形式以及名词性从句作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:1.To eat in a fast food restaurant is cheap and saves time.2.Climbing hills is good exercise.3.What interests the workers most is better wages and working condi
9、tions.(工人们最关注的是好的工资待遇和工作条件。).11n主谓一致正误辨析主谓一致正误辨析n同学们在主谓一致问题上经常会犯判断失误的错误,现将有关主谓一致现象的难点归纳如下:.12n一、主语为单数集体名词,谓语动词用复数的情况n例1警察正在城里搜捕一名小偷。n误 The police is searching the city for a thief.n正 The police are searching the city for a thief.n析 police,people,cattle(牛)等词虽然形式上是单数,但意义上却为复数,谓语动词需用复数形式。n例2在我国老人受到很好的照
10、顾。n误 The old is taken good care of in our country.n正 The old are taken good care of in our country.n析某些形容词前加上定冠词the,如the old,the young,the dead,the rich,the sick等,用以表示一类人时,其意义为复数,谓语动词用复数形式。.13n二、主语为复数形式,谓语动词用单数的情况n例1纽约时报是流行于美国各地的报纸。n误 The New York Times are read all over the United States.n正 The New
11、 York Times is read all over the United States.n析当表示国家、城市、人名、书名、报纸、杂志及组织机构等的专有名词作主语时,通常把它们作为整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式。n例2这条裤子是他哥哥的。n误 This pair of trousers are his brothers.n正 This pair of trousers is his brothers.n析一些由两个相同部分组成一体的复数名词,如trousers,glasses,shoes等,作主语时,若前面有一条、一副、一把之类的单位名词,则谓语动词用单数,不带单位名词,则谓语动词用复数形式
12、。.14n三、主语为单数形式,谓语动词有时用单数,有时用复数的情况例1他家里人正等着他。n误 His family is waiting for him.n正 His family are waiting for him.n析有些集体名词,如family,class,group,team,nation,couple等,作主语时,若作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数;如果就其中一个个成员考虑,谓语动词则用复数形式。n例2我们需要许多食物。n误 Lots of food are needed by us.n正 Lots of food is needed by us.n析 a lot of/lots
13、 of/plenty of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的数依据名词的数而定。.15n四、并列主语与谓语动词数的一致的情况n例1那位教师兼作家来参加会议了。n误 The teacher and writer have come to the meeting.n正 The teacher and writer has come to the meeting.n析由and连接的两个(或两个以上)单数主语,指同一人,同一物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。n例2每个男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。n误 Every boy and every girl have the right to education.n
14、正 Every boy and every girl has the right to education.n析由and连接两个单数主语,若前面有every,each等限定时,谓语动词用单数形式。n.16例3那时,教授带着许多学生正在实验室做实验。误 The professor with a number of students were doing experiments in the lab at that time.正 The professor with a number of students was doing experiments in the lab at that time
15、.析主语后跟有aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan,but,besides,except,like,with,alongwith,togetherwith等介词(短语)时,谓语动词的数要与介词(短语)前面的主语的数相一致。.17n五、几种特殊结构的主谓语一致n例1和这些孩子们交谈是一件愉快的事。n误 To tallk with the children are a great pleasure.n正 To talk with the children is a great pleasure.n析该句是不定式作主语,表示单一概念,谓语动词用单数形式。n例2一切都准备好了,
16、是吗?n误 Everything are ready,arent they?n正 Everything is ready,isnt it?n析everything,something,nothing等作主语时,陈述句部分谓语动词用单数形式,附加疑问句中谓语动词和相应代词都只可用单数形式。不定代词everybody,someone,anyone,nobody等作主语时,陈述句部分谓语动词一般用单数形式。但是,在附加疑问句中谓语动词与相应代词多用复数形式。.18n巩固练习巩固练习n1.A woman with a baby_ coming here.1.A woman with a baby_ c
17、oming here.nA.is B.are A.is B.are n2.The girl as well as the boys _learned to drive 2.The girl as well as the boys _learned to drive a car.a car.nA.has B.have A.has B.have n3.Whenever anything_,please stay here quietly.3.Whenever anything_,please stay here quietly.nA.happens B.happen A.happens B.hap
18、pen n4.Many a man_ the story.4.Many a man_ the story.nA.believe B.believesA.believe B.believesn5.5.One One and a halfand a half years years_ already passed._ already passed.n A.A.has B.have has B.have n6.Twelve percent of the workers here_ women.6.Twelve percent of the workers here_ women.nA.is B.ar
19、e A.is B.are.19n7.His family_ watching TV.nA.is B.are n8.Bread and butter_ their daily food.nA.isB.are n9.Not only a pen but also two books _lost.nA.wasB.were n10.The boy and the girl each_ their own toys.nA.has B.have n11.Maths_ not easy to learn.nA.is B.are.20n12.To master the spirit of a foreign
20、language_ not easy.nA.is B.are n13.A number of the students_ going to visit the History Museum.nA.is B.are n14.The number of the girl students in that school_ smaller than that of the boy students.nA.is B.are n15.The doctor and scientist_ to the meeting.nA.was invited B.were invited nKeys:1-5 AAABA 6-10 BBABB 11-15 AABAAn
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