中考英语语法专题总结ppt课件

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1、 介词是一种虚词，用来表示它后面的名词或代词同句中其它某个成分之间的关系。介词在句中不能单独使用，必须连用它的宾语即后面的名词或代词构成介词词组后才能作句子成分。如：in,on,across from,ever since,because of 等。(1)介词的种类(2)介词短语考点一 表示时间的介词 in表示月、季节、年、表示月、季节、年、世纪或泛指上午、下世纪或泛指上午、下午、晚上午、晚上(指在一段指在一段时间内时间内)in May,in winter,in 2014,in the twenty-first century,in the morning/afternoon/eveninga

2、t表示时刻、时间的某表示时刻、时间的某一点一点at 9:00,at noon,at night,at that time,at laston表示具体的某一天或表示具体的某一天或某一天的上下、午某一天的上下、午on Monday(morning),on a cold rainy dayduring在在期间期间during the summer holiday,during the examfor有有之久（表示经之久（表示经过了多长时间）过了多长时间）for two days,for a long timepast过了过了（时间）（时间）ten(minutes)six,a quarter past

3、 eighttill/until直到直到时时till/until 10:00,till/until midnightby不迟于不迟于，在，在之前之前by the end of,by thenat the end of在在末末at the end of this term,at the beginning of在开头在开头(开始的开始的时候时候)at the beginning of the meetingbefore在在以前以前before class,before Christmasafter在在之后之后after school,after 6:30since自从自从(表示从过表示从过去某个

4、时间到现在去某个时间到现在)since 2012,since thenabout大约大约about 9:00 1、介词in,on,at后接时间的用法详见本书第一模块中考常用词汇和短语用法辨析第10组。2、时间名词前所用介词的速记歌 年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏用at，黎明用它也不错。at也在时分前，说“差”用to,说“过”要用past。()1.Nanjing Lishui Strawberry Festival opened _ March in Fujiabian Modern Agricultural P

5、ark this year.A.on B.at C.in D.to()2.I sometimes help my mom with her housework _ Saturdays.A.at B.in C.on D.to()3.A ship from South Korea sank into the sea _ April 16,2014.A.in B.on C.at D.for()4.Some workers in that factory have to work _ night.A.at B.for C.with D.among考点二 表场所、方向的介词 in在在里里(地点范地点范围

6、较大围较大)In the United states,in Guangzhouat在在处处(较小的较小的范围范围)At the station,at the school gateon在在上上(有接触有接触面面)On the blackboard,on the desk在靠近在靠近的地的地方方On the left,on the rightabove 在在上上;高于高于The plane flew above the clouds.over在在正上方正上方There is a bridge over the river.below 在在下方下方The radio says the temper

7、ature will be below zero.under 在在正下方正下方There is a dog under the tree.across from在在对面对面There is a bank across from our school.after在在后面后面The dog is running after a cat.against靠着靠着;倚着倚着;对抗对抗,反对反对Look at the white piano against the wall.Many people are against building a zoo in town.into进入（有一定进入（有一定的方向

8、）的方向）He hurried into the classroom.around 在在周围周围The earth moves around the sun.up向上，向高处向上，向高处The monkey climbed up the tree.behind在在后面后面They planted some trees behind their school.at the end of在在末梢末梢/尽尽头头Youll see the hospital at the end of the road.in front of在在前面前面There is a river in front of our

9、school.in the middle of在在的中间的中间Mr.Li likes to stand in the middle of the classroom.near在在近旁近旁Excuse me.Is there a post office near here?opposite在在对面对面The book store is opposite the cinema.by/beside在在旁旁/附近附近(比比near近近)The boy is standing by/beside the window.among在（三者以上）在（三者以上）的之中的之中Among the mountain

10、s there is a beautiful village.between在在(两者两者)之间之间Lily is sitting between Lucy and Jack.past经过经过Remember to call me when you walk past my house.along沿着沿着Walk along the street.out of在在之外（有之外（有运动方向）运动方向）Dont look out of the window in class.across横过横过Go across the bridge.through贯穿；通过贯穿；通过Go straight th

11、rough that door under the EXIT sign.for前往前往地方地方（表目的）（表目的）They will leave for Shanghai tomorrow.from从从起（表示起（表示起点）起点）We usually do sports from 7:00 to 7:30 in the morning.to到达到达地点或地点或方向方向Call me as soon as you get to Beijing.1.介词among,between的用法区别详见本书第一模块中考常用词汇和短语用法辨析第5组。2.in front of与in the front of的

12、用法区别详见第42组。3.on 在的上面(与物体表面接触)over 在的正上方；(不接触物体表面)above在上方（不接触物体表面）below 在下方,是above的反义词under 在下面(是on,over的反义词)4.in,on,to还可以用来表示两地的位置关系in表示在某地范围之内；to表示在某地范围之外。如：China lies in the east of Asia and to the north of Australia.中国位于亚洲的东部，澳洲的北边。而on表示与某地相邻、接壤。如：Mongolia is on the north of China.蒙古与中国北部接壤。它们的用

13、法区别详见本书第一模块中考常用词汇和短语用法辨析第43组。5.across与through的用法区别详见本书第一模块中考常用词汇和短语用法辨析第22组。()5.Cambridge is a small city _ the east of England.A.between B.with C.in D.under()6.Well play basketball _ Class 3 tomorrow.A.over B.against C.to D.for()7.Did you go to Kenli during the Peach Blossom Festival(桃花节桃花节)?Yes.Th

14、e flowers were beautiful.Bees were flying _ them.A.in.B.among C.between D.through()8.The moonlight is coming _ the window and the room looks more brighter.A.across B.into C.through D.over()9.Taiwan lies _ the east of Fujian.A.on B.in C.to D.at()10.The old man is a good swimmer,and even now he often

15、swims _ Zhujiang River after supper.A.over B.through C.to D.across考点三 表方式的介词as作为，当作作为，当作Mo Yan is famous as a writer.by用；由；乘用；由；乘坐坐This novel was written by Lu Xun.Li Lei often goes to school by bus.in用用(语言语言)；用；用什么材料什么材料Please say it in English./Write in black in.with用（工具）用（工具）或方法或方法with a pen;with

16、 my eyes;with the teachers helplike与一样与一样He looks like his mother.on骑（车）；骑（车）；步行步行on a bike/car/bus;on footover通过通过(电波电波)She learns English over the radio.without没有没有Man cant live without water.by,with,in都可以表示“用”，但侧重点有所不同。in强调用材料、语言 with 表示用工具、某物 by用方式、方法、手段如：The teacher is writing on the paper in r

17、ed ink and the blackboard with a piece of chalk.My mother often go to work by bike.它们的用法区别详见本书第一模块中考常用词汇和短语用法辨析第19组；()11.You can improve your English _ practicing more.A.by B.with C.of D.in()12.Please write it _ your pen.A.byB.inC.atD.with()13.The letter was written _ English.A.onB.byC.inD.with考点四 其

18、它介词 except与 besides except除之外（不包括），如：Everyone passed the exam except Tom.除了汤姆，每个人都过了考试（汤姆一个人没有过）about关于关于;询问情询问情况况a speech about health;what/how aboutexcept/but除了除了Everybody except/but Jack is here.（Jack不在）不在）besides除了除了还有还有Besides English,we have eight subjects.（共九科）（共九科）of的的,表示表示数量或种类数量或种类a map of

19、 China,a glass of water()14.What language do you also speak _ English?French.But just a little.A.besides B.except C.beside()15.All the students in Class One went to the cinema _ Li Ping.Why?Because he had a stomachache.A.besides B.except C.without D.besidebesides 除之外（还包括），如：Besides Mr Li,five teache

20、rs went to the meeting.除了李老师，还有五个老师去开会了。（一共六个老师）它们的用法区别详见本书第一模块中考常用词汇和短语用法辨析第27组。考点五 介词with的用法 1、表示“和，伴随“，如：come with me 跟我来 She will travel to Paris with his family this summer vacation.2、表示“带着，随着”，如：with a smile on her face 她面带微笑 with best wishes 致以美好的祝愿 with some flowers in her hands 手捧鲜花 with pl

21、easure 乐意地，愉快地3、表示“被，用，以”，如:Cut it with a knife.用刀把它切开。The mountain is covered with snow all the year.4、表示“有，带有”如：some tea with milk 加奶的茶 a man with good manners 一个有礼貌的人()16.A conversation _ a wise person is worth ten years study of books.A.for B.like C.with D.to()17._ all his pocket money,Dan bough

22、t a present for his mother on Mothers Day.A.With B.For C.By D.In()18.What can I do for you?I hope I have a nice house _ a big garden.A.of B.with C.from D.about()19.Whos that man _ sunglasses?Hes Jack Ding.Ive just got an autograph from him.A.on B.for C.of D.with()20.Ann often helps me _ maths after

23、school.A.for B.with C.on D.by考点六 两组易混淆的介词短语 1.in the tree与on the tree in the tree指外来的东西在树上 如：a kite in the tree;a bird in the tree on the tree指长在树上的东西如：some apples on the tree,some flowers on the tree2.in the wall与 on the wall in the wall 指镶嵌在墙体里的,如：a window in the wall on the wall 指紧贴墙面的如：some pict

24、ures on the wall;The blackboard in on the wall.考点七 常见介词搭配 介介词词+名名词词at the end of 在在尽头尽头by bike/bus 骑单骑单车；乘公汽车；乘公汽on the phocne 用电话用电话to ones surprise使使惊惊讶的是讶的是at the foot of 在在脚下脚下in a hurry 匆匆忙地忙地at home 在在家家for example 例如例如in front of 在在前面前面at breakfast 在在吃早餐吃早餐on foot 步行步行in black 穿黑穿黑色衣服色衣服at on

25、ce 立刻；立刻；马上马上in the end 最后；最后；终于终于in this way 用用这种办法这种办法at last 最后；最后；终于终于in/on time 及时，及时，按时按时in trouble 处处于困难中于困难中on ones way to在去在去的路上的路上without ones help没有某人的帮助没有某人的帮助with ones help在在的帮助下的帮助下形形容容词词+介介词词be angry with 生生气气be busy with 忙于忙于be bad for 对对有坏处有坏处be afraid of 害怕害怕be famous for 因因而出名而出名b

26、e good at 擅长擅长be covered with被被覆盖覆盖be famous as 作作为为而出名而出名be full of 被被充满充满be ready for 为为做好准备做好准备be filled with 被被充满充满be late for 迟迟到到be strict with sb.对某人要求严格对某人要求严格be pleased with对对感到高兴感到高兴be proud of对对感到骄傲感到骄傲/自豪自豪be strict in sth.对某事要求严格对某事要求严格be worried about担忧担忧be different from与与不同不同be inter

27、ested in对对感兴趣感兴趣be glad to do sth.高兴做高兴做be good for 对对有好处有好处动动词词+介介词词arrive in/at 到达到达get to 到达到达look at 看看regardas 把把当作当作think of 想起，认为想起，认为 wait for 等待等待agree with 同意同意hear from 收到收到来信来信look after 照顾，照料照顾，照料take care of 照顾，照料照顾，照料pay for 支付支付worry about 担心担心come from来自于来自于 laugh at 嘲笑嘲笑knock at 敲敲

28、talk about 谈论谈论turn up/down调高调高/低低ask for 请求请求do/deal with 处理，处置处理，处置listen to 听听leavefor 离开离开去去spend on花费花费think about 考虑考虑play with 与与玩耍玩耍get on/off 上上/下车下车look for 寻找寻找preferto 宁可宁可,更喜欢更喜欢turn on/off 打开打开/关上关上talk to/with 与与交谈交谈knock into 撞倒撞倒中考中对介词的考查主要集中在对介词的基本用法和固定搭配上，侧重考查在具体语境中用介词有关的短语和句型的能力，题型有单项、完形填空和短文填空等。备考中要注意：1.注重平时的积累，多记介词用法、介词短语、固定搭配和常用句型；2.注意意义相关或相近的介词辨析；3.结合具体的情景准确使用。