选修8Unit1语法名词性从句ppt课件

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1、 Noun Clauses Types of SentencesSimple sentence(简单句简单句)Compound sentence（并列句用（并列句用and,or,but,so）Complex sentence（复合句（复合句,主句主句+what,which,when等引导词连接的从句等引导词连接的从句）1.The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home.2.California is the largest state in the USA but has the largest pop

2、ulation.3.This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.（simple sentencesimple sentence）（complex sentence complex sentence）（compound sentencecompound sentence）主句主句从句从句Complex SentencesAttributive Clause（定语从句）（定语从句）Noun Clause(名词性从句名词性从句)Adverbial Clause（状语从句（状语从

3、句）1.In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own,which today still keeps up their Danish culture.2.Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period,it was the building of the rail network that brought .3.Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now k

4、now as California,no one really knows.（Attributive clause Attributive clause）（Noun clause）（Adverbial clause Adverbial clause）Although whenwhat名词性从句名词性从句 在主句中起名词功能的从句叫名词性从在主句中起名词功能的从句叫名词性从句句(Noun Clauses）。）。名词性从句在主句名词性从句在主句中能担任主语、中能担任主语、动词宾语、介词宾语、有动词宾语、介词宾语、有些形容词后宾语些形容词后宾语、表语、同位语等，因此、表语、同位语等，因此根据上述不同

5、的语法功能，名词从句又可根据上述不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为分别称为主语从句主语从句(Subject Clause)、宾语、宾语从句从句(Object Clause)、表语从句、表语从句(Predicative Clause)和同位语从句和同位语从句(Appositive Clause)No one really knows exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California.However,it is likely that Native Americans were living in Ca

6、lifornia at least fifteen thousand years ago.That is why today over 40%of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.The news that we won the game is exciting.动词的宾语从句动词的宾语从句主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句介词的宾语从句介词的宾语从句8观察一：判断划线部分充当？句子成分。1.That the moon goes around the earth is known to all.

7、2.Whether he will come hasnt been decided.3.What he wanted to know is the result of the test.4.Who will go is not important.5.How you can finish it makes us puzzled.6.It is known to us how he became a writer9判断方法：判断方法：先找先找谓语，谓语，看位置看位置10观察一：判断划线部分充当？句子成分。1.That the moon goes around the earth is known

8、 to all.2.Whether he will come hasnt been decided.3.What he wanted to know is the result of the test.4.Who will go is not important.5.How you can finish it makes us puzzled.6.It is known to us how he became a writer主语主语+谓语动词谓语动词+其他其他 主语从句主语从句_(重要的是重要的是)is to learn from failure._(你已经做到了你已经做到了)is beyo

9、nd doubt._(你是否自信你是否自信)determines your future success to some degree.What mattersThat you have made itWhether you are confident1.主语从句的引导词主语从句的引导词不得省略不得省略。that-主语从句常用主语从句常用it作形式主语作形式主语,而将而将that-从句从句置于句末置于句末,常见以下搭配：常见以下搭配：a.It+be+形容词形容词+that-从句从句It is necessary that有必要有必要It is important that重要的是重要的是It

10、is obvious that很明显很明显It is necessary that_(你有必要调整你的日常生活你有必要调整你的日常生活).you(should)adjust yourroutine lifeb.It+be+done(said,known,believed,thought,reported,announced,acknowledged,suggested,demanded)+that-从句从句 据报道三人死于此次坠机事故。据报道三人死于此次坠机事故。It is reported that three people have been killed in the air crash

11、.=Three people are reported to have been killed in the air crash.建议新生们考虑参加一两个社团。建议新生们考虑参加一两个社团。It is recommended that freshmen consider joining a club or two.c.It+be+名词名词+that-从句从句It is a pity/shame that 很遗憾很遗憾.It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是令人惊奇的是It is a fact that事实是事实是d.It+不及物动词不及物动词+that-分句分句It happe

12、ns that碰巧碰巧It occurs to me that 我突然想起我突然想起我突然想起：我把钥匙落在家里了。我突然想起：我把钥匙落在家里了。It occurred to me that I had left my keys at home.2.表示表示“是否是否”意义时，一般用意义时，一般用whether 而不用而不用 if引导主语从句，引导主语从句，Whether she will come to life or not is still unknown.但如果有形式主语但如果有形式主语 it时，既可用时，既可用 whether，也可，也可用用 if。It is still unkn

13、own if/whether she will come to life.3.主语从句作主语时谓语动词主语从句作主语时谓语动词常用单数常用单数16观察二：判断划线部分充当？句子成分7The fact is that we have lost the game.8Thats just what I want.9This is where our problem lies.10That is why he didnt come to the meeting.判断方法：判断方法：看位置，先找看位置，先找谓语。谓语。17观察二：判断划线部分充当？句子成分7The fact is that we hav

14、e lost the game.8Thats just what I want.9This is where our problem lies.10That is why he didnt come to the meeting.系动词系动词:be,stay,remain,keep（状态）（状态）look,seem,appear,sound,smell,taste,feel（感知）感知）get,become,turn,grow,go,fall（变化）（变化）主语主语+表语表语系动词系动词特别提醒特别提醒1.表语从句中的时态不受主句的限制表语从句中的时态不受主句的限制.2.表语从句是不用表语从句

15、是不用 if 引导的引导的,要用要用whether.3.主语为主语为advice,suggestion,requirement等词时，表语等词时，表语从句用从句用should+V.原形表虚拟语气原形表虚拟语气4.常见的表语从句的句型常见的表语从句的句型The reason(why)is that That/This is why This/That/It is because It seems/looks/appears as ifIt seems/appears that似乎似乎19观察三：判断划线部分充当？句子成分11.All of us know that we must study h

16、ard.12.Our success depends on whether we work hard.13.I want to know what he has told you.14.I wonder if/whether she would accept my invitation.15.You may depend on it that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time.判断方法：判断方法：跟在什么词的后面？跟在什么词的后面？20观察三：判断划线部分充当？句子成分11.All of us know that we must stud

17、y hard.12.Our success depends on whether we work hard.13.I want to know what he has told you.14.I wonder if/whether she would accept my invitation.15.You may depend on it that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time.判断方法：判断方法：跟在什么词的后面？跟在什么词的后面？+宾宾及物动词及物动词/介词介词1.由连接词由连接词that引导宾语从句时，引导宾语从句时，that在

18、句中在句中不不充当任何成分充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中，在口语或非正式的文体中常常被省去被省去，但有，但有多个多个that从句时从句时,只有第一个从只有第一个从句前的句前的that可省。可省。2.主句主语为主句主语为第一人称第一人称且谓语动词是且谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,guess等动词构成否等动词构成否定句时，从句的否定词要前移至主句，即构定句时，从句的否定词要前移至主句，即构成成否定前置否定前置。We dont think H7N9 flu spreads among humans,does it.3.下列宾语从句下列宾语从句 必须用必须

19、用whether 引导引导,不可用不可用if:a.从句后有从句后有or not 时，不可用时，不可用if:I dont know whether all is in place or not.b.介词宾语通常用介词宾语通常用 whether 引导引导:It depends on whether he is coming or not.c.后接动词不定式时。后接动词不定式时。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?4.insist,order,suggest等词后的宾语从句考虑虚等词后的宾语从句考虑虚拟语气拟语气1.I dont doubt _ hell

20、 come.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether2.Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not.A.if B.where C.whether D.that3.If depends on _ we will be ready in time.A.whether B.that C.if D.when24 主语从句主语从句在复合句中充当_语；表语从句表语从句在复合句中充当_语，一般在_ 后；宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中充当_语，且 一 般在 _ 或_ 后。宾宾主主表表系动词系动词及物动词及物动

21、词介词介词 有时为了保持句子平衡,可用 it 作形式主作形式主(6)语语或形式宾语或形式宾语(15),而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面.如，归纳一：位置，概念。归纳一：位置，概念。6.It is known to us how he became a writer15.You may depend on it that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time.2525 v 观察四观察四:划出从句，判断从句类型。划出从句，判断从句类型。v1.The fact is that we have lost the game.v2He asked me i

22、f/whether the movie star would come up at the meeting.v3.Who will win the match is still unknown.v4.What he did made me extremely angryv5.When we will go to America hasnt been decided.表从表从主从主从主从主从主从主从宾从宾从isaskedismade hasnt been decided.2626归纳二：名从引导词分类及作用归纳二：名从引导词分类及作用:名词性从句的引导词名词性从句的引导词 作用作用 连接连接 词

23、词不作成分不作成分只起连接只起连接作用作用连接连接代代词词作作主、宾、主、宾、表、表、定定语语连接连接副副词词 作作状状语语 that,whether/if（是否）（是否）as if/as though（只在表从）what(ever)who(ever)whom(ever)which(ever)whosewhen(ever),where(ver),why,how，because(表从中表从中)272828用适当的引导词填空用适当的引导词填空v1.My idea is _we should do our homework first.v2.The owner of the shop came to

24、 see _ was the matter.v3.I wonder _he is fit for the job.v4.Thank you for _ youve said.v5 I am surprised he has left without saying goodbye to us.v6.I dont know he is doing there.v7.He asked pen it was.v8_ Einstein is a scientist is known to us all.thatwhatwhether/ifwhatthatwhatwhoseThatisseewonder

25、foram surprised knowasked is29 缺主缺主/宾宾/表表/定定补代词补代词 what(ever)who(ever)whom(ever)which(ever)whose只缺只缺“是否是否”意意 思思补补whether，if什么都不什么都不 缺缺that缺状缺状 语语补副词补副词when(ever),where(ver),why,how归纳三：解题方法：归纳三：解题方法：2、分析从句句子成分分析从句句子成分,缺什么，缺什么，补补什么什么1、找主句谓语找主句谓语，确定是什么从句，确定是什么从句3 3、确定词性后，再根据句子、确定词性后，再根据句子意思意思选择选择引导词。引导

26、词。301._ they would take the risk is clear.2.The reason is _ he is careless.3.I dont think _ she is coming.4.We all knew _ he got the first prize and _ he was very excited.5.I like the book _ you give me.31【难点难点1】That在名从中在名从中“无名无分无名无分”，在主主从，从，表表从从中不能省略，在引导单个的宾语从句单个的宾语从句时可省，但在并列宾语从句中，第2个宾语从句中个宾语从句中的th

27、at不可省；Thatthat(that)(that)that(that/which)主从主从表从表从宾从宾从宾从宾从定从定从That在定从中作代词，在定从中作代词，“充当成分充当成分”，在定语从句 中做宾语宾语时可省。3232v6.they can finish the work on time is still a problem.v7.The question is _ the film is worth seeing.v8.It depends on _ we will have enough money.v9.I dont care _ you like the plan or not

28、.v10.I cant decide _ to stay.(=I cant decide whether I should stay or not)v11.He came to see _ there was wrong with his cat.【难点难点2】whether,if（是否）（是否）的区别。的区别。顺口溜顺口溜:主主 表表 介后介后 或者或者 不定式不定式 用用whether。Whetherwhetherwhether whether whetherwhether/if主从主从表从表从介词后的宾从介词后的宾从及物动词后的宾从及物动词后的宾从or not.to stay3312.I

29、 cant imagine _made him act like that.13.This is _ we want to say.14._ he wants is a book.15.I read about it in this book or that book,I cant remember _ it was.16.Would you mind telling me _ language your friend speaks,English or French?【难点难点3】which,what 在名词性从句的区别：在名词性从句的区别：what 在名词性从句中常翻译为什么或的；whic

30、h在名词性从句中常翻译为哪个（一般有选择范围）What what what in this book or that bookwhichwhichEnglish or French3434用适当的词填空：用适当的词填空：17.His pale face suggested he (be)ill and he suggested that he (send)to the hospital right away.【难点难点4】名词性从句的虚拟语气：名词性从句的虚拟语气：一坚持insist；两命令order,command;三建议suggest,propose,advise；四要求request,r

31、equire,demand,desire 这些词后面的名词性从句，从句谓语用(should)+动词原形动词原形was(should)be sent353636一填空题一填空题1.The result is _ we won the game.2.Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew _ she was so angry.3.Thank you for _ youve said,I hope I will never be too busy to help others.4.and a

32、ll the other students wondered _ the boy would do.5 they can pass the exam is still a problem.thatwhywhatwhatWhether373838三完成句子（写作三完成句子（写作.口语）口语）1上周，我们就“高中生是否应参加高中生是否应参加暑期补习班暑期补习班（summer tutoring class）”对我校3000名学生进行了一次调查 Last week we did a survey among 3000 students in our school on 2作为一个学生，我们应该做的我们

33、应该做的是努力学习As a student,is to study hard.what we should do whether high school students should attend a summer tutoring class.3.无论是谁救无论是谁救了了这女孩这女孩都应受到表扬.should be praised4.这篇文章告诉我们压力对我们有好处压力对我们有好处。The passage tells us 5为什么你认为为什么你认为情节情节(plot)难以相信难以相信？3939 that stress does good to us.Why do you think th

34、e plot is unbelievable?Whoever saved the girl (oral practise)亲爱的亲爱的XX,谢谢你为我所做得一切。我想说的是：我谢谢你为我所做得一切。我想说的是：我爱你，你不知道我有多么的在乎你。爱你，你不知道我有多么的在乎你。每天我都想知道每天我都想知道你在哪，你正在干什么你在哪，你正在干什么,还有你是否开心。你知道我为还有你是否开心。你知道我为什么那么想你吗？那是因为你是我最爱的什么那么想你吗？那是因为你是我最爱的XX.4040 Thank you for what you have done for me!What I want to sa

35、y is that I love you.You dont know how much I care about you.Every day I want to know where you are,what you are doing and whether you are happy.Do you know why I miss you so much?This is because youre my dearest friend.4141交际运用交际运用(pairwork)SA：亲爱的friend,谢谢你（您）为我所做得一切。SB：Oh!I am willing to do what I can do for you.我想告诉你我爱你，你不知道我 有多 么的在乎你.SA：Me,too!每天我都想知道你在哪，你正 在干什么,还有（and）你是否开心。SB:Oh!thanks!你知道为什么我那么想你吗？SA:Yes.那是因为我是你最爱的friend.421.名从的位置与判断（理解）；名从的位置与判断（理解）；2.名从引导词的分类与解题技巧（重点）；名从引导词的分类与解题技巧（重点）；（特殊用法特殊用法that，whether/if,what/which）；）；3.名从的语序名从的语序4.名从的运用（写作，口语）名从的运用（写作，口语）