大学英语综合教程三Unit4

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1、L/O/G/O上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 应用型大学英语系列教材应用型大学英语系列教材Book Application-oriented college English Course2上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Language in Use Enhancement of Language Abilities Unit FourTable of Contents Language Skills DevelopmentBackNext3上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 StarterText:A doctor or a quack?Working with words a

2、nd phrasesDiscussionPractice:interpretingPractice:translationPractice:writingSurfing the InternetHighlightsTable of ContentsPart 1 Language Skills DevelopmentBackNext4上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 HighlightsS:Natural cures or doctors L:A clever doctor and a mean patientR:A doctor or a quack?W:Repeating key nou

3、ns to achieve coherence in a paragraphInternet work:Introducing traditional Chinese medicine Part 1 Language Skills DevelopmentBackNext5上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext1.StarterA.Work with a partner and answer the following questions.1.Do you believe in natural cures?2.Have you ever come across an irresp

4、onsible or ill-mannered doctor?Not totally.While it is true that some diseases can be cured without taking traditional drugs,modern medicine is indispensable.Whenever a person is sick,he or she should consult a doctor.Yes.This kind of doctor is detestable.They totally forget their professional ethic

5、s,and more often than not,they lack the requisite specialist skills.6B.Listen to a story and fill in the blanks.上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 1.StarterBackNext1.The businessman always tried to _ for what he needed.2.Dr.Smith charged _ for the first visit,but only twenty-five dollars for _.3.Dr.Smith said there

6、 was no need to examine the businessman again.He asked him to continue taking the medicine _.he prescribed last timeeach visit after thatfive hundred dollars pay as little as possible 7A Clever Doctor and a Mean Patient There was a businessman who always tried to pay as little as possible for what h

7、e needed.One day he fell ill.He decided to go to a doctor and asked a friend to recommend one.“Dr.Smith is a good one,”the friend told him.“Is he expensive?”the businessman asked.“Yes and no.He charges five hundred dollars for the first visit,but only twenty-five dollars for each visit after that.”“

8、That seems reasonable,”the businessman said,and went to visit Dr.Smith.上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 1.StarterBackNext8 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 1.Starter As he walked into the consulting room,he said,“Well,here I am again.”and put twenty-five dollars on the table.The doctor looked at the businessman carefully for a

9、 moment,then smiled and put the money into the drawer of his desk.“Thank you,”he said.“And what can I do for you today?”“Examine me,of course,”the businessman said,“and tell me whats wrong with me.”“Oh,theres no need for me to examine you again,”the doctor said.“Just continue taking the medicine I p

10、rescribed to you when you came to me last time.”BackNext9 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNextText Lead-in Text Organization10 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNextText Lead-in11 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNextText Lead-in122.Text:A Doctor or a Quack?1 The modern doctors business is an extremely simple one,which could be

11、acquired in about two weeks.This is the way it is done.Translation医生还是江湖郎中？医生还是江湖郎中？1 现在干医生这一行非常简单，大约只需两个礼拜就能学会。下面就是医生怎么看病的。上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext 132 The patient enters the consulting room.“Doctor,”he says,“I have a bad pain.”“Where is it?”“Here.”“Stand up,”says the doctor,“and put your arms u

12、p above your head.”Then the doctor goes behind the patient and strikes him a powerful blow on the back.“Do you feel that?”he says.“I do,”says the patient.Then the doctor turns suddenly and lets him have a left hook under the heart.(To be continued)Translation 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext 2 病人走进诊室，对医生

13、说：“医生，我痛死了！”医生问：“哪里痛？”“这里。”医生说：“站起来，把胳膊举过头。”随后，医生走到病人背后，在他的后背猛击了一下。医生问：“感觉到痛了吗？”病人答道：“感觉到了。”医生又突然转过来，在他心脏下方来了一记左钩拳。Note that strike here means“to hit forcibly and deliberately with ones hand or a weapon(打，击)”.e.g.strike a heavy blow at the aggressors It can also mean“(of a thought or an idea)to come

14、 into ones mind suddenly and unexpectedly(突然想到)”.e.g.The plan strikes me as ridiculous.Sometimes strike is used in the sense of“refusing to work as a protest over pay or conditions(罢工)”.It may function either as a noun or as a verb.e.g.be/go/come out on strike The union has voted to strike for a pay

15、 increase of 6%.2.Text:A Doctor or a Quack?14“Can you feel that?”he says viciously,as the patient falls over on the sofa in a heap.“Get up,”says the doctor,and counts ten.The patient rises.The doctor looks him over very carefully without speaking,and then suddenly fetches him a blow in the stomach t

16、hat doubles him up speechless.The doctor walks over to the window and reads the morning paper for a while.(To be continued)Translation 病人倒在沙发上，瘫作一团，医生却恶狠狠地问：“这样痛不痛？起来。”医生边说边从一数到十。病人就站了起来。医生仔细地观察着他，一言不发。然后突然在病人的腹部捶了一拳，他痛得弯下身去，话都说不出来。医生则走到窗户边，读了一会晨报。上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext heap:n.C 一堆e.g.His cloth

17、es were in a crumpled heap on the floor.vt.堆积，堆置e.g.He heaped the leaves up in the corner of the garden.fall,collapse,etc.in a heap:重重地倒下（不能动）e.g.She collapsed in a heap on the floor.look sb./sth.over:认真打量某人/某物e.g.They looked over the little boy.double(sb.)up:（因剧痛或大笑而）弯身子e.g.Most of the crowd double

18、d up with laughter at every joke.2.Text:A Doctor or a Quack?viciously:ad.残酷地，凶狠地，恶毒地e.g.Passers-by just looked on as a man was viciously attacked.The adjective form of viciously is vicious.vicious:a.1)残酷的；充满仇恨的e.g.He has a vicious temper.2)恶劣的，严重的e.g.T h e v i c i o u s s p i r a l o f unemployment

19、and homelessness gave rise to more serious social crises.15Presently he turns and begins to mutter more to himself than to the patient.“Hum!”he says,“theres a slight anaesthesia of the tympanum.”“Is that so?”says the patient,in an agony of fear.“What can I do about it,doctor?”“Well,”says the doctor,

20、“I want you to keep very quiet;youll have to go to bed and stay there and keep quiet.”(To be continued)Translation没一会儿，他转过身来，不像是对病人说话，更像自言自语：“哦，是轻度中耳炎。”“是这样吗？”病人问道，感到无比恐惧。“医生，我该怎么做呢？”医生说：“你要保持安静；你必须躺在床上，保持安静。”上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext 2.Text:A Doctor or a Quack?16In reality,of course,the doctor ha

21、snt the least idea what is wrong with the man;but he DOES know that if he will go to bed and keep quiet,awfully quiet,hell either get quietly well again or else die a quiet death.Meantime,if the doctor calls every morning and thumps and beats him,he can keep the patient submissive and perhaps force

22、him to confess what is wrong with him.Translation当然，其实呢，医生根本不知道病人的问题出在哪儿，但他明白，只要病人愿意躺在床上并保持安静，而且是非常的安静，那他要么在不知不觉中康复，要么就会静悄悄地死去。同时，如果医生每天早上都去走访病人，揍他一顿，就能让他乖乖听话，或许还能迫使他承认自己得了什么病。上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNextQuestions about Para.2 not have the least/slightest/faintest idea(of):丝毫不知道e.g.They havent the le

23、ast idea why the mayor left so early.thump:vt./vi.1)重击，狠打e.g.He thumped the table angrily.2)撞击，嘭地发出闷响e.g.A bird thumped against the window.n.1)C 重击声，碰撞声e.g.There was a thump as the truck hit the bank.2)C 重击，撞击e.g.If he does that again Im going to give him a good thump.submissive:a.恭顺的，服从的 e.g.He was

24、 looking for a quiet,submissive wife.2.Text:A Doctor or a Quack?171.How does the doctor diagnose the patient at the beginning?He diagnoses his patient by striking him quick,unexpected,and powerful blows.上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext2.Text:A Doctor or a Quack?18 2.What advice does the doctor give to th

25、e patient even if he has no idea what is wrong with the patient?What is the doctors motive for giving this advice?He advises the patient to go to bed and stay there and keep quiet.This may result in either a quiet recovery or a quiet death.In either case,the patient wont come to him and complain abo

26、ut his treatment.上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext2.Text:A Doctor or a Quack?19 3.What does the doctor hope to achieve when he calls every morning and thumps and beats his patient?He hopes that in this way he can keep the patient submissive and perhaps force him to confess what is wrong with him.上海交通大上海交通

27、大学学出版社出版社 BackNext2.Text:A Doctor or a Quack?20 3 病人完全被吓住了，问道：“医生，饮食方面要注意什么？”4 对这个问题有多种回答，这取决于医生当时的情绪，以及距他自己上次吃饭的时间。如果在接近中午时，医生已经很饿了，他便会说：“哦，别害怕，多吃点；肉、蔬菜、淀粉、胶水、水泥，想吃啥就吃啥。”3 “What about diet,doctor?”says the patient,completely cowed.4 The answer to this question varies very much.It depends on how the

28、 doctor is feeling and whether it is long since he had a meal himself.If it is late in the morning and the doctor is extremely hungry,he says,“Oh,eat plenty,dont be afraid of it;eat meat,vegetables,starch,glue,cement,anything you like.”（To be continued）Translation 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext cowed:a

29、.使感到胆怯的，自惭形秽的e.g.She was easily cowed by people in authority.2.Text:A Doctor or a Quack?21但如果他刚刚吃过午饭，嘴里还喷着一股浓浓的黑果派的味道，他就会语气坚决地说：“不，别吃任何东西，一口都不能吃；这对你没有坏处，因为在饮食方面稍加克制是世界上最美好的事。”But if the doctor has just had lunch and if his breathing is short-circuited with huckleberry pie,he says very firmly,“No,I d

30、ont want you to eat anything at all,absolutely not a bite;it wont hurt you,a little self-denial in the matter of eating is the best thing in the world.”Translation上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext self-denial:n.U克己；（宗教）弃绝自我e.g.a life of self-denial and sacrifice in the matter of:在方面；关于，至于e.g.We are not tr

31、ained in the matter of agricultural business.Question about Para.4 2.Text:A Doctor or a Quack?22 4.How does the doctor reply to the patients questions on diet?The answer to this question varies very much.He is likely to advise the patient to eat plenty when it is late in the morning and he is extrem

32、ely hungry.But hell advise his patient not to eat anything if he has just had lunch and is very full.上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext2.Text:A Doctor or a Quack?235 病人问：“那喝酒呢？”同样，医生的答案也会有很多种。他可能会说：“噢，可以，偶尔来一杯陈啤，或者你喜欢的话，喝一杯加苏打水的杜松子酒，或者威士忌。我想，在睡觉之前我更喜欢来一杯苏格兰热巧克力威士忌，再加上几块方糖和几片柠檬。”5 “And what about drinking?”

33、Again the doctors answer varies.He may say,“Oh,yes,you might drink a glass of lager now and then,or,if you prefer it,a gin and soda or a whisky,and I think before going to bed Id take a hot Scotch with a couple of lumps of white sugar and bit of lemon peel in it.”（To be continued）Translation上海交通大上海交

34、通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext now and then:有时，时而 e.g.Now and then she checked to see if he was still asleep.2.Text:A Doctor or a Quack?24The doctor says this with real feeling,and his eyes glisten with the pure love of his profession.But if,on the other hand,the doctor has spent the night before at a little g

35、athering of medical friends,he is very apt to forbid the patient to touch alcohol in any shape,and to dismiss the subject with great severity.Translation医生讲到这些的时候非常兴奋，眼睛闪闪发光，充满了对自己职业由衷的热爱。但是如果医生前一晚参加了一伙医生朋友的聚会，他就会禁止病人碰任何形式的酒精，并且严厉地拒谈这一话题。上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext apt:a.1)易于，倾向于 be apt to do sth.:倾

36、向于做某事 e.g.The kitchen roof is apt to leak when it rains.2)恰当的，合适的e.g.Chris produced an apt comment which summed up how we all felt.3)聪明的；敏捷的 e.g.We have some particularly apt students in the class this year.In the present context,the verb dismiss is used in the sense of“deciding that sth./sb.is not

37、important and not worth considering不予考虑，对不屑一提”.e.g.He dismissed the opinion polls as worthless.2.Text:A Doctor or a Quack?25 6 Of course,this treatment in and of itself would appear too transparent,and would fail to inspire the patient with proper confidence.But nowadays this element is supplied by

38、the work of the analytical laboratory.Whatever is wrong with the patient,the doctor insists on snipping off parts and pieces and extracts of him and sending them mysteriously away to be analyzed.(To be continued)Translation6 当然，这种治疗本身太容易令人起疑，因而无法激起病人应有的信心。但是如今有化验室可以帮助做到这一点。无论病人得什么病，医生都会坚持从他身上切割下这样或那

39、样的零零碎碎的东西，然后神神秘秘地送去化验。上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext in and of itself:就其本身而言e.g.The idea in and of itself is not bad,but the side issues introduce many difficulties.snip:vt./vi.（用剪刀快速）剪，剪断e.g.Snip a tiny hole in the paper.snip off:（快速）剪去，剪掉e.g.Snip off the end of the tube.extract:n.C,U提取物，精华e.g.face cr

40、eam containing natural plant extracts vt.提取，提炼e.g.to extract essential oils from plants 2.Text:A Doctor or a Quack?transparent:a.1)显而易见的；易识破的e.g.transparent lies 2)透明的；清澈的e.g.The insects wings are almost transparent.26 He cuts off a lock of the patients hair,and marks it,“Mr.Smiths Hair,October,2001

41、.”Then he clips off the lower part of the ear,and wraps it in paper,and labels it,“Part of Mr.Smiths Ear,October,2001.”Then he looks the patient up and down,with the scissors in his hand,and if he sees any likely part of him he clips it off and wraps it up.Now this,oddly enough,is the very thing tha

42、t fills the patient up with that sense of personal importance which is worth paying for.(To be continued)Translation比如，医生会剪掉病人的一缕头发并做上标记：“史密斯先生的头发，2001年10月”。然后，医生切掉病人耳朵的下部，用纸包起来并做上标记：“史密斯先生的部分耳朵，2001年10月”。医生从上到下仔细打量病人，手里拿着剪刀，只要看到任何疑似跟病情有关的地方，就会从病人身上剪去，并包起来。奇怪的是，这种做法却令病人觉得自己很受重视，因而值得为此花钱。上海交通大上海交通大学学

43、出版社出版社 BackNext clip off:剪下，剪掉e.g.He clipped off a length of wire.clip off an animals tail wrap:vt.包，裹e.g.He spent the evening wrapping the Christmas presents.Wrap is often used with“up”.e.g.wrap up the fruits look sb.up and down:上下仔细打量；苛求地审视（某人）e.g.They looked me up and down.sth.be worth doing:值得（费

44、周折）做某事e.g.What is worth doing is worth doing well.2.Text:A Doctor or a Quack?27“Yes,”says the bandaged patient,later in the day to a group of friends much impressed,“the doctor thinks there may be a slight anaesthesia of the tympanum,but hes sent my ear to New York and my appendix to Baltimore and a

45、 lock of my hair to the editors of all the medical journals,and meantime I am to keep very quiet and not exert myself beyond drinking a hot Scotch with lemon every half-hour.”With that he sinks back faintly on his cushions,luxuriously happy.Translation当天稍晚的时候，包扎着绷带的病人对大为惊叹的朋友们说：“是的，医生认为可能是轻度中耳炎，他已经将

46、我的耳朵送到纽约，把阑尾送到巴尔的摩，把一缕头发送到所有医学杂志的编辑手上，同时我必须保持安静，每半小时顶多喝一杯加柠檬的苏格兰热巧克力威士忌。”说着，他虚弱地向后靠在垫子上，舒舒服服，心满意足。上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNextQuestions about Para.6 exert:vt.1)努力，尽力exert oneself:努力，竭力e.g.She will have to exert herself more than she does now if she wants to succeed in sales.2)运用，施加（影响）e.g.Some manage

47、rs exert considerable pressure on their staff to work extra hours without being paid.luxuriously:ad.舒适地e.g.She sprawled out luxuriously on the sofa.2.Text:A Doctor or a Quack?28 5.What prevents so many people from seeing through the modern quacks?It is the work of the analytical laboratory.Otherwise

48、 the modern quacks treatment would be so transparent that people would easily recognize the real nature of those quacks.上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext2.Text:A Doctor or a Quack?29 6.Why does the writer claim that the work of laboratory analysis makes the patient feel that the treatment is worth paying

49、for?This is because the patient is filled up with a sense of personal importance when he sees his“parts and pieces and extracts”cut off and knows that they would be sent for analysis.上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext2.Text:A Doctor or a Quack?30 7 And yet,isnt it funny?8 You and I and the rest of useven i

50、f we know all thisas soon as we have a pain within us,rush for a doctor as fast as a hack can take us.Yes,personally,I even prefer an ambulance with a bell on it.Its more soothing.Translation7 然而，这一切难道还不滑稽吗？8 虽然你、我和其他人对这些都很清楚，但是一旦我们有点小病小痛，还是会飞快地打车去看医生。是的，我个人甚至还更愿意坐带鸣笛的救护车去，因为这让人感觉更加安心。上海交通大上海交通大学学出版

51、社出版社 BackNextQuestions about Para.8 soothing:a.安慰的，抚慰的e.g.a soothing voice/lotion Her words had a soothing effect.2.Text:A Doctor or a Quack?31 7.What does the writer really mean when he says an ambulance is more soothing than the doctors treatment?The writer is ridiculing modern quacks.As is known

52、to us all,the ambulance cannot cure the patient,but it wont at least torture him.When the patient is treated by a quack,however,he will be beaten and given bad advice.Worst of all,his“parts,pieces and extracts”will be cut for no good reason.上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext2.Text:A Doctor or a Quack?32 8.

53、What is this article intended to say?The article is intended to advise the reader to beware of modern quacks./The article is intended to expose the quack medicine in our society.上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext2.Text:A Doctor or a Quack?334.Working with words and phrases A.Put the following Chinese expre

54、ssions into English.上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext1.倒在沙发上瘫作一团_2.处于恐惧的痛苦之中_3.对某人病情一无所知_ _4.克制饮食 _5.剪去一撮头发 _6.激发病人对医生的信任 _ _fall over on the sofa in a heapin an agony of fearnot have the least idea whats wrong with somebodyself-denial in the matter of eatingcut off a lock of hairinspire the patients conf

55、idence with his/her doctor341.One of them sipped from a glass of water,looking wary but not c_.2.His cheeks g_ with tears as he was told about his mothers death.3.Just d_ those thoughts from your mindthey are crazy and not worth thinking about.4.He s_ the string and untied the parcel.5.If you were t

56、o e_ your influence they might change their decision.Focus1words&phrases4.Working with words and phrases B.Complete the following sentences with appropriate words in the text.上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNextnippedowedlistenedxertismiss35 5.Discussion Discuss the following questions with a partner or in a

57、 small group of 4 to 6 students.1.What do you think of being a doctor?上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 In my opinion,high social status,sacred and decent,earn respect heal,rescue,besides,priority,otherwise.hintBackNextIn my opinion,a doctor enjoys high social status and the doctors vocation is considered as sacre

58、d and decent.They can earn respect from patients,and their duty is to heal the wounded and rescue the dying.Besides,they make good money.A doctor should not give priority to money,though;otherwise he is not a good doctor.36 5.Discussion 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 get sick,see a doctor,depends on,a common di

59、sease,go to a drugstore,pharmacists,however,seriously ill.hint2.Do you think it is necessary to see a doctor when one is sick?Please give your reasons.BackNextWhen we get sick,whether to see a doctor depends on how serious the illness is.For a common disease,we can go to a drugstore where there are

60、pharmacists to give us proper help.However,if we are seriously ill,we will have no choice but to go and see a doctor.37 5.Discussion 上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNextMind Mapenjoy high social statussacred and decent go to the pharmacy(drugstore;chemists)pharmacist(druggist;chemist)earn respect from patien

61、tsheal the wounded and rescue the dying38约翰逊:听说你最近身体不好，到底怎么了？沃 森:我这里很痛。前几天去看了医生。约翰逊:医生怎么说？严不严重？沃 森:医生检查了我的后背、心脏还有胃部。他认为我有点轻微的中耳炎。约翰逊:是吗？那医生开了什么方子？沃 森:医生让我保持绝对安静，得安安静静地卧床休息。6.Practice:interpreting For Reference AnswerClick Here上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 Several days after the medical examination,Mr.Watson,th

62、e patient,had a gathering with his friends.With one of them,Mr.Johnson,Mr.Watson had a conversation as follows.Interpret it into English with your partner.BackNext39Focus1interpreting上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 To be continued6.Practice:interpreting BackNextMr.Johnson:I hear youre not very well these days.Wh

63、ats the matter?Mr.Watson:I have a bad pain here.I went to see the doctor the other day.Mr.Johnson:What did the doctor say?Is it serious?Mr.Watson:The doctor examined my back,heart,and stomach.He thought there might be a slight anaesthesia of the tympanum.Mr.Johnson:Is that so?What did the doctor pre

64、scribe you?Mr.Watson:The doctor asked me to keep very quite.I have to stay in bed and keep quiet.40约翰逊:医生让你做化验了吗？沃 森:当然了，他从我身上剪下一些零零碎碎的东西，然后送到各个化验 室去化验。约翰逊:那一定很贵吧？沃 森:是有一些贵，可我觉得很值。约翰逊:这下你就再也不能喝酒了。沃 森:对，对，你说得非常正确。6.Practice:interpreting For Reference AnswerClick Here上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext41上海交通大

65、上海交通大学学出版社出版社 6.Practice:interpreting BackNextMr.Johnson:Did the doctor have anything analyzed?Mr.Watson:Of course.He snipped off parts and pieces and extracts of me and sent them to analytical laboratories in different places.Mr.Johnson:That must be very expensive?Mr.Watson:Yes,it is.But it is wort

66、h paying for.Mr.Johnson:Now you cannot drink alcohol any more.Mr.Watson:No,no.Youre absolutely correct.421.Then the doctor turns suddenly and lets him have a left hook under the heart.7.Practice:translation A.Put the following sentences from the text into Chinese.Pay special attention to the italicized expressions.医生又突然转过来，在他心脏下方来了一记左钩拳。上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext437.Practice:translation 但是如果医生前一晚参加了一伙医生朋友的聚会，他就会禁止病人碰任何形式的酒精，并且严厉地拒谈这一话题。上海交通大上海交通大学学出版社出版社 BackNext2.But if,on the other hand,the d