选修九 2.4unit2　Words and expressions

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1、新课标人教版课件系列高中英语选修选修(模块）模块）9-9-2.4Using natureWords and expressions1.navigator n.导航者导航者,领航员领航员 navigate vi.航行航行,航海航海,航空航空 vt.航行于航行于,驾驶驾驶,操纵操纵,使通过使通过 They navigated with difficulty through the crowd.他们在人群中艰难行进。他们在人群中艰难行进。navigation n.航海，航行航海，航行 navigational adj.航海的，航行的航海的，航行的2.explorer n.勘探者勘探者,考察者考察者(

2、考察的人考察的人,尤指考察某一地理区域的人尤指考察某一地理区域的人)他妈妈是一个到北极探险考察的人。他妈妈是一个到北极探险考察的人。His mother is an arctic explorer.exploration n.探险探险,探测探测explore v.探险探险,探测探测,探究探究 We must explore all the possibilities for the solution of the problem.我们必须探讨解决这个问题的所有可能我们必须探讨解决这个问题的所有可能性。性。Have you really explored your nearest town?你真

3、的考察了离你们那儿最近的城镇了你真的考察了离你们那儿最近的城镇了吗？吗？voyage n./vi.航海航海,航行航行The voyage from England to India used to take six months.过去从英国航行到印度要六个月。过去从英国航行到印度要六个月。go on/make/take a sea voyage去航海旅行去航海旅行voyager n.航行者航行者,航海者航海者at the mercy ofwithout any protection against;helpless before 任由任由摆布；在摆布；在面前无助面前无助 They were l

4、ost at sea,at the mercy of wind and weather.他们在海上迷失了方向他们在海上迷失了方向,任凭风和天气的摆任凭风和天气的摆布。布。The sailors were left to the mercy of wind and weather.leaveto the mercy of 任凭任凭处置处置have mercy on/show mercy to 对对表示怜悯表示怜悯The terrorists showed no mercy to the hostages.恐怖分子对人质残酷无情。恐怖分子对人质残酷无情。without mercy 毫不留情地毫不留

5、情地The mother left the dying baby in the hospital without mercy.那位母亲狠心地把垂死的婴儿丢弃在医院。那位母亲狠心地把垂死的婴儿丢弃在医院。Its a mercy(that)(口口)幸运的是幸运的是,幸亏幸亏(用于表示更遭的情况得以避免总算是幸用于表示更遭的情况得以避免总算是幸运运)Its a mercy the accident happened so near the hospital.幸亏事故发生在离医院很近的地方。幸亏事故发生在离医院很近的地方。Its a mercy she wasnt seriously hurt.幸运的

6、是她伤势不重。幸运的是她伤势不重。alongside prep.=by the side of;side by side with在在旁边；与旁边；与并排并排adv.=along,near,at,or to the side在在旁边，近旁，沿着边旁边，近旁，沿着边He parked his car alongside the fence.他把车沿着围墙停放。他把车沿着围墙停放。A car drew up alongside.一辆汽车开上来并排而行。一辆汽车开上来并排而行。minimum(min)adj.最小的最小的,最低的最低的 n.最小值最小值,最小化。最小化。(pl)minima/mini

7、mums其反义词为其反义词为maximum(max)adj.最高的最高的,最多的最多的,最大极限的最大极限的n.最大量最大量,最大限度最大限度,极大极大 keep/reduce sth.to a minimum 将某物保持在将某物保持在/降低到最低限度降低到最低限度 公司设法最低限度减少开支。公司设法最低限度减少开支。The company manages to keep all the expenses to a minimum.每个班学生人数的最高限额是每个班学生人数的最高限额是58名。名。The maximum number of students in each class is 58

8、.nowhere adv.无处无处,到处都无到处都无 我没工作，也没地方住。我没工作，也没地方住。I have no job and nowhere to live.Nowhere could I see him.我哪儿也看不到他。我哪儿也看不到他。nowhere near=far from 差得远差得远,远非远非e.g.The hall was nowhere near full.offshore adj./adv.向海面吹的向海面吹的,离岸的离岸的,海面上的海面上的,海上海上/下作业的下作业的offshore workers 海上作业的工人海上作业的工人 The storm moved o

9、ffshore.风暴离岸移动。风暴离岸移动。secure adj.安全的安全的,可靠的可靠的,放心的放心的,无虑的无虑的v.保护保护,使安全使安全 Our house is secure from flood.我们的房子没有被淹的危险。我们的房子没有被淹的危险。Some measures are needed to secure the bank from a flood.这道堤防需要采取一些措施这道堤防需要采取一些措施,免得被免得被洪水冲坏。洪水冲坏。security n.安全，保安，保护安全，保安，保护Security was tight during the Presidents vis

10、it.总统来访期间，保安工作十分严密。总统来访期间，保安工作十分严密。the Security Council 安理会安理会the security guard 保安保安involve vt.包括，使陷于包括，使陷于,使参与，影响使参与，影响 Dont involve other people in your mistakes.别把别人牵涉到你的错误中去。别把别人牵涉到你的错误中去。All the children were involved in the school play.所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的戏剧。所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的戏剧。The matter is serious b

11、ecause it involves your reputation.这件事很严重，因为它影响到你的声誉。这件事很严重，因为它影响到你的声誉。involve 指必然包括的结果指必然包括的结果 include 指包括属于整体的部分指包括属于整体的部分 contain 指包含在内或含有几种成分指包含在内或含有几种成分 hold 常指含有多少容量，可与常指含有多少容量，可与contain互换互换involve,include,contain,holdTaking the job _living abroad.接受这项工作就一定要住在国外。接受这项工作就一定要住在国外。The price _posta

12、ge charges.价格包括邮资在内。价格包括邮资在内。Beer _alcohol.啤酒里含有酒精。啤酒里含有酒精。How much water does the pan_?那盘子能盛多少水？那盘子能盛多少水？involvesincludescontainsholdmagnetic adj.磁的磁的,有磁性的有磁性的,有吸引力的有吸引力的 magnet n.磁体磁体,磁铁磁铁 a magnetic recorder 磁录音机磁录音机 a magnetic personrandom n.随意随意,任意任意 adj.任意的任意的,随便的随便的,胡乱的胡乱的e.g.make a random ch

13、oice 任意选择任意选择 at random=aimlessly;without any plan 随机，随便随机，随便e.g.He opened the book at random.awkward adj.难使用的难使用的,笨拙的笨拙的,尴尬的尴尬的;棘手的棘手的,难处理的难处理的 an awkward remark 令人窘迫的评论令人窘迫的评论 There was an awkward silence,when no one knew what to say.当谁都不知道说什么时，出现了令当谁都不知道说什么时，出现了令人尴尬的沉默。人尴尬的沉默。他很笨，总是丢东西。他很笨，总是丢东西。

14、He is awkward;he keeps dropping things.An awkward situation arose during the peace talks.在和平谈判中出现了棘手的情况。在和平谈判中出现了棘手的情况。reference n.提及提及,涉及涉及,参考参考,参考书目参考书目,证明书证明书(人人),At the meeting the teacher made references to his heroic deeds.在会上老师提到了他的英雄事迹。在会上老师提到了他的英雄事迹。These are reference books for students.这些

15、是学生用的参考书。这些是学生用的参考书。refer v.提到提到,涉及涉及,查阅查阅,咨询咨询The teacher often refers her pupils to this dictionary.老师经常让她的学生查这本字典。老师经常让她的学生查这本字典。Her pupils often refer to this dictionary.她的学会经常查这本字典。她的学会经常查这本字典。Dont refer to it again.别再提那件事。别再提那件事。precise adj.精确的精确的,准确的准确的 precision n.精确精确(性性),精密精密(度度)A lawyer n

16、eeds a precise mind.律师需要一丝不苟的精神。律师需要一丝不苟的精神。A camera is an instrument of precision.照相机是一种精密仪器。照相机是一种精密仪器。simplify vt.单一化单一化,简单化简单化 simple adj.简单的简单的 The English in this story has been simplified to make it easier to understand.这个故事里的英语被简写以便更容易这个故事里的英语被简写以便更容易理解。理解。His father lived a simple life in t

17、he country.他父亲在农村过着简朴的生活。他父亲在农村过着简朴的生活。portable adj.轻便的轻便的,手提手提(式式)的的,便携式的便携式的 a portable typewriter 提式打字机提式打字机 a portable generator 便携式发电机便携式发电机shortcoming n.缺点缺点,短处（常用复数）短处（常用复数）In spite of all his shortcomings,he is still the best teacher the school has.他尽管有些缺点，但仍然是该校最他尽管有些缺点，但仍然是该校最好的教师。好的教师。upd

18、ate v.使现代化使现代化,修正修正,校正校正,更新更新 n.现代化现代化,更新更新e.g.It is about time we updated the software.updated adj.最新的，现代化的，适时的最新的，现代化的，适时的 an updated and revised edition 最新修订本最新修订本tendency n.趋向趋向,倾向倾向(to do sth./towards sth.)have/show/reduce the tendency to doe.g.女性越来越趋向晚婚女性越来越趋向晚婚.It is a growing tendency for wo

19、men to marry late.tend to do/toward sth.e.g.His views tend towards the extreme.tend to sb.=take care of sb.reliable adj.可靠的可靠的,可信赖的可信赖的 e.g.She may forget to come-she is not very reliable.她可能忘了来，她不太可信赖。她可能忘了来，她不太可信赖。rely v.依赖依赖,依靠依靠,信赖信赖,信任信任,依赖于依赖于 rely on sth./sb.to do reliability n.可靠性可靠性 Swoop v

20、.to swoop down(on sb/sth)朝朝俯冲俯冲e.g.The eagle swooped down on the chicken.The police swooped on the house at dawn.警察拂晓对房子进行突击检查警察拂晓对房子进行突击检查.peck v.to peck at/out 啄啄e.g.Look,the bird is pecking at the window.Phr.-peck at ones foodThe little boy pecked his mother on the cheek and hurried to school.小男孩

21、匆匆吻了妈妈的脸颊然后赶往学校小男孩匆匆吻了妈妈的脸颊然后赶往学校.compulsory adj.必需做的必需做的,必修的必修的 compulsory education/subjecte.g.Is English a compulsory subject?compulsion n.强迫强迫,冲动冲动e.g.You need feel under no compulsion to accept.你不用勉强接受你不用勉强接受.incident n.事件事件,事变事变 He could remember every incident in great detail.他能把每件小事的细节都记得清楚。

22、他能把每件小事的细节都记得清楚。incident 附带的小事件，事端，政变附带的小事件，事端，政变 accident 意外事故意外事故 event 重大事件重大事件 运动项目运动项目How did the accident happen?这起事故是怎么发生的？这起事故是怎么发生的？July 7th Incident 七七事变七七事变What were the chief events of last year?去年主要的大事是什么？去年主要的大事是什么？About 2000 athletes compete in 20 events.大约两千运动员参加了大约两千运动员参加了20个项目的比赛个项

23、目的比赛.2.departure n.启程启程,出发出发,离开离开a departure lounge候车室候车室 departure date动身日期动身日期depart(from/for)vi.离开离开,起程起程,逝世逝世crew n.全体人员全体人员,(工作工作)队队 The plane had seventy passengers and a crew of ten.飞机上有飞机上有70名乘客和名乘客和10名机务人员。名机务人员。注意注意:做主语时做主语时,如看作整体如看作整体,谓语用单谓语用单数数;如看作成员如看作成员,谓语用复数。谓语用复数。The crew on board th

24、e plane was small.The crew were busy preparing.depositv.放置放置,放下放置，安置；放下放置，安置；托付，寄存；存钱托付，寄存；存钱 She deposited her money in the bank.他把钱存到银行里。他把钱存到银行里。n.a current/fixed deposit dilemma n.进退两难的局面进退两难的局面,困难的选择（可加不定困难的选择（可加不定冠词）冠词）e.g.You place/put me in something of a dilemma.Jill was in a dilemma whethe

25、r to go out with Bill or Joe.The doctor was on the horns of a dilemma whether to tell the patient the truth about his condition or not.drawback n.缺点缺点,毛病毛病;不利因素不利因素 One drawback of New York in the summer is the heat.In spite of all its drawbacks,it was a place of quiet,peace.The only drawback of the

26、 plan is that it costs too much.draw back 退回退回,往后退往后退The children drew back from the dog when it barked at them.不履行不履行(诺言诺言)He will not draw back from what he has promised.dusk n.薄暮薄暮,黄昏黄昏,暮色暮色Dusk was falling.By dusk we had reached a place called Lion Forest.At dusk the lights of the city come on.d

27、awn n.黎明黎明,拂晓拂晓,破晓破晓The darkest hour is before the dawn.And at dawn we rose and knocked at the gate of the city.They worked from dawn to dusk.routine n./adj.例行公事例行公事,常规常规,日常事务日常事务,程序程序 Exercise should be a part of our daily routine.锻炼应该成为日常生活的一部分锻炼应该成为日常生活的一部分.routine checks/questions常规的常规的 a routin

28、e job/task/life 平淡无味的平淡无味的 I arrive at nine oclock,teach until twelve and then have a meal;that is my morning routine.我九点钟到，上课到十二点钟，然我九点钟到，上课到十二点钟，然后吃饭；那是我上午的例行做法。后吃饭；那是我上午的例行做法。reckon v.估计估计,计算计算,认为认为,I reckoned it will cost$400.Have you reckoned all the charges?The play was reckoned a success.Did

29、you reckon the taxi fares in?You cant reckon on good weather.reckoning n.by ones reckoning 据据 估计估计starvation n.饥饿饥饿,饿死饿死 die of starvation starve v.饥饿饥饿,饿死饿死 starve to deathThousands and thousands of people there are on the point of starvation.那儿成千上万的人都面临着饿死的危险。那儿成千上万的人都面临着饿死的危险。Thousands of people

30、will starve if food doesnt reach the stricken city.如果食物不能运到那座受灾的城市，如果食物不能运到那座受灾的城市，成千上万的人就要饿死。成千上万的人就要饿死。(be)starved of=in need of孤身困于岛上孤身困于岛上,他渴望与外界沟通他渴望与外界沟通.Trapped in the island,he felt starved of communication with the outside world.The company is starved of money.psychologically adv.心理上地心理上地,心

31、心 理学地理学地 psychological adj.心理心理(上上)的的 psychology n.心理学心理学,心理状态心理状态 psychological research 心理学研究心理学研究 psychological warfare 心理战心理战 the psychology of war 战争心理战争心理tension n.紧张紧张(状态状态),不安不安,拉紧拉紧,压力压力,张力张力,牵力牵力,电压电压 The tension of the Far East is building up again.中东的形势又逐步紧张起来。中东的形势又逐步紧张起来。The rope will

32、take 50 pounds tension.绳子可承受绳子可承受50镑的拉力镑的拉力.Our tension increased as we waited for the result.gradually adv.逐渐地逐渐地 gradual adj.逐渐的逐渐的,逐步的逐步的,渐进的渐进的The rock gradually wears away due to the action of the water.由于水的作用，岩石逐渐磨损。由于水的作用，岩石逐渐磨损。Computerization has resulted in the gradual disappearance of man

33、y manual jobs.计算机化导致了许多手工工作的逐渐消失。计算机化导致了许多手工工作的逐渐消失。foresee vt.预见预见,预知预知Those who can foresee difficulties on their way to success may keep calm when they really appear.在走向成功的路途中能够预见到困难的在走向成功的路途中能够预见到困难的人在困难真正出现的时候常常能保持冷人在困难真正出现的时候常常能保持冷静的态度。静的态度。thirst n.渴渴,口渴口渴,(for)渴望渴望,热望热望The soldiers died of t

34、hirst in the desert.士兵们在沙漠中因长期干渴而死。士兵们在沙漠中因长期干渴而死。He has a great thirst for knowledge.他有强烈的求知欲他有强烈的求知欲thirsty adj.口渴的口渴的,渴望的渴望的,热望的热望的He is thirsty for news他渴望获得新闻。他渴望获得新闻。tear(tore,torn)She was so angry that she tore the letter into pieces.The old farmhouse was torn down.Henry felt it hard to tear

35、himself away from computer games.The hungry beggar tore at the meat with his bare hangs.set loose=let loose 释放释放,放松放松He set loose the bird and it flew away.break loose 挣脱挣脱,迸发出迸发出come loose 变松变松,脱开脱开cut loose 脱逃脱逃(说话等说话等)自由自由,无拘束无拘束e.g.They tried to break/cut/tear loose from their family.Dont tell h

36、er the secret;she has a loose tongue.hardship n.困苦困苦,艰难艰难,辛苦辛苦a time of great economic hardship 经济极度困难的时期经济极度困难的时期Be the first to bear hardships,the last to enjoy comforts.吃苦在别人前头，享受在别人后头。吃苦在别人前头，享受在别人后头。His father went through all kinds of hardships in the old society.他的父亲在旧社会吃尽了苦头。他的父亲在旧社会吃尽了苦头。roar v./n.Hearing the news,the public roared with anger(rage).当主队入球时当主队入球时,全场响起热烈的欢呼声全场响起热烈的欢呼声.A mighty roar went up when the home team scored.a roar of laughter/applause