高考英语二轮复习之七选五题型专项指导

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1、高考英语二轮复习之七选五题型专项指导一、明确三类题型1.段首题：所填句子多为主旨句或过渡句。2.段尾题：所填句子多为总结句或过渡句。3.段中题：多考查上下文的逻辑关系，以并列、递进、转折、让步、因果、解释、例证居多。二、熟知命题特点1.主旨要义题：包括要求考生选出段落小标题和主旨句。2.句际关系题：正确选项与上下句之间主要有顺承关系、总分关系、并列关系、转折关系、因果关系、解释或重述关系、例证关系或对比关系等。三、活用答题技巧1.依据词汇线索词汇线索主要包括词汇复现和代词线索两种情况。（1）词汇复现词汇复现指相同词汇的重复使用、同义词和近义词的复现或同一范畴词的复现。英语的线性思维表现为第一句

2、话的宾语往往是第二句的主语，或者前后句有相同或重叠的词语。这种前后句语义的衔接常以句中关键词（常为名词、动词、形容词）的同义词、近义词或反义词（组）复现的方式来实现。解题时可以利用这些词作为解题线索。例题：Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. _38_ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.E. You can keep your he

3、ad clear for 4-10 hours after exercise.F. After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or youre doing it now, then listen up!解析本题可利用词汇复现法解题。F项中的“continue to burn calories throughout the day(整整一天持续燃烧卡路里）”与设空处后句中的“will be getting

4、 the calorie burning benefits for the whole day(整整一天都会受益于卡路里的燃烧）”意义一致，其中 calorie（卡路里）属于原词复现，throughout the day与原文中的the whole day表意相同，属于同义词复现。（2）代词线索代词主要是为避免重复，用于指代前面提到的人或物，有时也用于指代前面提到的概念。巧妙利用这样的指代关系可以有效地帮助我们做出正确的选择。例题：Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window

5、are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. _39_ It gives us a great feeling of peace.B.So what are you waiting for?C.Being in nature refreshes us.D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your moth

6、er always said解析本题可利用代词线索法解题。空前介绍了接近大自然、看绿色植物对病人的康复有益，空后一句说“它给我们一种非常好的内心平和的感觉”。由此可推断出空后的It 应该指“置身于大自然”，故C项“置身于大自然使我们精神焕发”符合语境。2.依据上下文逻辑和衔接关系文章由段落组成，层次分明，错落有致，围绕中心话题展开。各段、句之间形成一定的语义逻辑关系。阅读补全解题攻略之一就是要理清这些关系，并据此选出正确答案。（1）总分关系“总分结构法”中的“总”是文章内容的总体概括，出现在文章的开头或结尾;“分”是文章内容的具体展开，它实际上是文章的主体部分。一篇文章在总体布局上，可以先总后

7、分，也可以先分后总，还可以先总后分再总，它们通常都称作“总分结构法”。例题：But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones. 38_. Theyre the little spots of color like thro w pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use

8、to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshe

9、lves. _39_. They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into

10、it are significant._40_.A. While all of them are usefulB. Whatever youre looking forC. If youre experimenting with a colorD. Small color choices are the ones were most familiar with解析根据第一段末尾指出的需要作出的三个决定，即“the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones”、第三段中的“Medium color choices”和第四段中的“The larg

11、e color decisions”可知这四段之间构成总分关系，后两段分别介绍了后两个决定，故38题所在段落应介绍第一个决定。所以38题应该与 the small ones有关。故D项符合段落主题。（2）解释关系从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常有解释关系，往往作者提出观点，紧接着对这个观点进行解释说明。因此，把握文章结构，理清作者表达的意思至关重要。39_ Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening. Exercis

12、e energizes you, so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.A.You will stick to your diet.B.Your quality of sleep improves.C.You prefer healthy food to fast food.解析此处缺少一个主旨句。空后句子解释了早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。所选答案应是对后面内容的总述。故B项符合本段主旨，意为“你的睡眠质量会有所提高”。（3）例证关系前后的某句是为了证明另

13、一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳（从例子到观点）和推理（从观点到例子）。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有：for example, for instance, in other words, that is to say 等。例题：Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. 74_ The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken befor

14、e sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.D.The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.E.Thats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F.“Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi,

15、 who developed the idea.G.Tononis team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.解析该段首句说“现在我们还有最直接的证据证明他是对的”，那接下来应该具体描述该证据。此外，该空后面一句话解释了实验的结果和意义。综合来看，只有G项符合语境，指出了研究团队、实验对象及实验内容。（4）并列关系表示并列关系的标志词语有：and; first(ly); second(ly); then/next; to begin with; for one thing

16、, for another thing; finally/last 等。例题：Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 71A.We should also try to sleep well the night before.B. Its as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.C. Similarly

17、, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.解析首句指出“每种动物都要睡觉，但其原因仍然是个谜”。接下来是具体例子，当不允许实验室的老鼠睡觉时，它们在一个月内就会死亡。C项“同样，如果人类连续几天不睡觉，就会生病”与前句是并列关系。（5）转折关系表示转折的词暗示前后说的是同一件事。表示转折关系的标志词语有：but,however,yet,while/though/although,or/otherwise,instead,nevertheless(然而),still 等。例题：40_ While the sun

18、s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial vitamin D. To make sure you get enough vitamin Dbut still protect your skinput on sun screen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and thats plenty of time for your skin to absorb a days wo

19、rth of vitamin D.A.Fresh air cleans our lungs.B.So what are you waiting for?C.Being in nature refreshes us.D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.解析空后一句说，虽然阳光会使我们的皮肤衰老并受到伤害，但也能给我们带来有益的维生素D，因为while为转折词，暗示了前后文说的是同一事物，因此D项“呼吸新鲜空气的另一个附带好处是阳光”符合语境，D项中的sunlight与空后的the suns rays 相呼应。（6）对比关

20、系表示对比的词暗示设空处与其后有相反的意义。表示对比关系的标志词语有：while, if not, some.others等。例题：Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. After youve tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record._40_ If not, take another look at other methods you could try.E.If the

21、 steps you take are working, keep it up.F.Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.G.Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the caf to get coffee.解析本段谈到对自己所做的努力要记录、评价和调整。本空后的“If not”说明设空处与其后为对比关系，此处是说方法有效就应该坚持，其后是说如果无效，就看看其他你可以尝试的方法。因此选E。（7）因果关系表示因果关系的标志词语有：so, therefore

22、, thus, consequently(因 此)，as a result(of)等。例题：The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. _40_.D.Small color choices are the ones were most familiar wi

23、thE.Its not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF.So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG.Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways解析 根据空前的“the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant”可知,大型物品

24、的颜色选择所需要的时间、精力、费用很多，这恰与F项构成因果关系。3.依据设空位置句子在文中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同，充分利用设空位置的暗示作用，结合语篇逻辑是解决“七选五”的有效途径。（1）设空处在段首在每段的第一句设空的内容通常是该段的主旨句，解题时需要认真研读该段内容，然后从选项中查找与下文相关的内容，从而确定答案。例题：37 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus(教学大纲）and

25、 learning management system information to be sure the answer isnt hiding in plain sight.E. Below are some common dos and donts for online learners.F.Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.G.Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.解析设空处为段落主旨句。空后说与主题内容

26、相关的问题通常会受欢迎。在询问有关课程设计的问题之前，阅读教学大纲和学习管理系统信息，以确保答案不会隐藏在眼皮底下。由此可推知选G项“问问题，但要确保这些问题是好的、深思熟虑的问题”。（2）设空处在段中要注意分析设空处前后的逻辑关系。设空处除了可能是承上启下的过渡句外，也可能是补充前文的具体事实、事例和说明的句子。因此，首先需要依据信息词将部分选项排除，然后把剩下的几个可能正确的选项依次代入设空处，最终确定哪个选项和设空处前后内容语义连贯、逻辑关系清晰，从而得出正确答案。例题：Participate in discussion forums (论坛), blogs and other open

27、-ended forums for dialogue. 38_ Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.A.Thats what they are for.B.Turn to an online instructor for help.C.If more information is needed, they will ask.D.Remember that online professors g

28、et a lot of emails.解析本题为段中题。设空处前为祈使句，建议参与论坛、博客等的讨论，设空后为祈使句，是针对讨论提出的具体要求。所以，本段的信息词为forums和blogs，B、D两项应排除。再由设空处前面的句子“Participate in discussion forums, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.”中 的信息可知,A项中的That指代dialogue, they指代discussion forums,blogs and other open-ended forums。该项补充说明前文,而C项放在此处，

29、语义不连贯。（3）设空处在段尾段尾句多为承上启下的过渡句或总结、概括句。解题时，可从这个角度去思考：该空是归纳本段主旨还是引出下一段的内容？如果在选项中找不出与前文关联的内容，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否体现出了衔接。认真阅读下一段的开头几句，看是否能与选项紧密连接起来。例题：If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who en

30、joyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 36The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.B.Things are going to be improved.C.The trip they took me on was a rough one.D.I was to learn a lot about campin

31、g since then, however.解析本题为段尾题。设空处前一句说“他们与我没有共同之处”，设空处后一段讲述了作者的一次野营，前后之间存在转折关系，所以此处需要填一个承上启下的转折句，D项符合语境。练习：1. As is known, Albert Einstein was one of the greatest scientists of all time. _ Einstein learned from making mistakes. When Einstein started to work in America, someone asked him what he need

32、ed. He said he needed a desk, some paper and a pencil. _ This shows that he knew even the cleverest man in the world can only learn by making mistakes. _ Many children wrote letters to ask him for help with their homework. One day, he wrote a letter to a young girl to tell her not to worry about her

33、 Maths homework because he thought Maths was difficult too. Einstein considered time to be important. He never wore socks, because he thought putting on socks was a waste of time as people already wore shoes. He also though remembering things found in books was not worth it. Thats why he never remem

34、bered his own phone number. _ It is true that if we are going to do great things in our lives, we cannot waste time. Einstein liked to joke too. In one exam, a student asked him why all the questions were the same as last years. Einstein replied the questions were the same, but the answers were diff

35、erent! If we ever feel like giving up when we have problems, we should think of Einstein. When he was a child, his teachers used to say he was not clever. However, Einstein kept working hard and surprised the world with his achievements. _ A.Meanwhile, he was also strict with his students. B.Give st

36、udents a chance to correct their mistakes. C.He was also a really great person. D.So, never be discouraged(泄气的)! E.He knew what was worth remembering. F.Einstein was also very modest(谦虚的). G.He also needed a basket to hold his mistakes.2. When I decided to leave my home country to pursue a degree in

37、 Canada, I hadnt expected that communication would be an issue. _ I took English lessons in my teens and scored well on English tests.But soon after my arrival in Canada, I realized how wrong I was. In research discussions, surrounded by native English speakers, I had to be careful. I needed to cons

38、ciously follow each conversation and translate it to my native language. _ Finally, I tried to find the right English words to communicate that response. Constantly thinking about what I would say next, I had a hard time remaining focused in conversations.But when I again failed to say exactly what

39、I meant in a meeting a few months later, a simple idea occurred to me. _ Communicating with my colleagues by e-mail, I had more time to think and comfortably express my thoughts. Over time, this practice helped improve my English significantly._ I decided to remind them that English is not my first

40、language. I asked them to speak more slowly to help me follow the discussions. It was a little awkward to draw attention to what might be seen as a weakness. And at first, the other members of the research team seemed slightly surprised. But the dynamics(动力) quickly improved. They seemed to become m

41、ore aware of how they were speaking, and I felt more comfortable joining in the conversation. _A.Plus, I learned to be open with my colleagues.B.Why not contribute to the discussion in writing?C.I had thought I could express myself in English easily.D.Gradually I grew uncomfortable with oral communi

42、cation.E.Then, I had to reflect carefully on it and think of a response.F.With efforts on both sides, we could overcome language barriers.G.How can one deny the significance of effective communication?答案以及解析1.答案：CGFED解析：1.C.理解判断题.根据前文As is known, Albert Einstein was one of the greatest scientists of

43、 all time.可知众所周知,爱因斯坦是有史以来最伟大的科学家之一.C项:He was also a really great person.他也是一个非常伟大的人.符合文意,故选C.2.G.联系下文题.根据前文This shows that he knew even the cleverest man in the world can only learn by making mistakes.可知这说明他知道,即使是世界上最聪明的人也只能通过犯错来学习.G项:He also needed a basket to hold his mistakes.他还需要一个篮子来盛装自己的错误.符合

44、文意,故选G.3.F.语境辨析题.根据后文One day, he wrote a letter to a young girl to tell her not to worry about her Maths homework because he thought Maths was difficult too.可知一天,他给一个小女孩写了封信,告诉她不要担心她的数学作业,因为他认为数学也很难.F项:Einstein was also very modest(谦虚的). 爱因斯坦也很谦虚.符合语境,故选F.4.E.逻辑推理题.根据前文He also though remembering thi

45、ngs found in books was not worth it. Thats why he never remembered his own phone number.可知他还记得书中发现的东西是不值得的,这就是为什么他从来不记得自己的电话号码.E项:He knew what was worth remembering.他知道什么值得记住.符合文意,故选E.5.D.理解判断题.根据前文When he was a child, his teachers used to say he was not clever. However, Einstein kept working hard a

46、nd surprised the world with his achievements.可知小时候,他的老师常说他不聪明,但是爱因斯坦一直在努力工作,以他的成就震惊世界.D项:So, never be discouraged!所以,不要泄气!符合文意,故选D.2.答案：CEBAF解析： 推理判断题。根据上文When I decided to leave my home country to pursue a degree in Canada, I hadnt expected that communication would be an issue.（当我决定离开祖国去加拿大攻读学位时，我并

47、没有想到沟通会成为一个问题）以及后文I took English lessons in my teens and scored well on English tests.（我十几岁的时候上过英语课，在英语考试中成绩很好）可知，上文提到作者要去加拿大读书，后文又提到作者十几岁时英语成绩很好，说明作者一开始觉得自己英语没问题，在加拿大沟通不成问题。故C选项我原以为我能用英语很容易地表达自己符合语境，故选C。推理判断题。根据上文But soon after my arrival in Canada, I realized how wrong I was. In research discussio

48、ns, surrounded by native English speakers, I had to be careful. I needed to consciously follow each conversation and translate it to my native language.（但在我到达加拿大后不久，我意识到我错得有多离谱。在研究讨论中，周围都是英语为母语的人，我必须小心。我需要有意识地跟上每一次对话，并把它翻译成我的母语）以及后文Finally, I tried to find the right English words to communicate that

49、 response Constantly thinking about what I would say next, I had a hard time remaining focused in conversations.（最后，我试图用正确的英语表达这一回答。我一直在想我接下来要说什么，很难在谈话中集中注意力）可知，上文提到作者每次听到英语时要先在脑海里翻译成母语，再进行回答， E选项中a response对应后文中that response。故E选项然后，我必须仔细地考虑一下，并想一个回答符合语境，故选E。推理判断题。根据上文But when I again failed to say

50、exactly what I meant in a meeting a few months later, a simple idea occurred to me.（但几个月后的一次会议上，我又一次没能说清楚我的意思，这时我想到了一个简单的主意）以及后文Communicating with my colleagues by e-mail, I had more time to think and comfortably express my thoughts. Over time, this practice helped improve my English significantly.（

51、通过电子邮件与我的同事交流，我有更多的时间去思考和舒服地表达我的想法。久而久之，这种练习让我的英语有了很大的提高）可知，本句应承接上文说明这个主意是什么，结合后文作者写电子邮件，可推测作者想出的办法是通过书面形式而非口语，进行参与讨论。故B选项为什么不以书面形式参与讨论？符合语境，故选B。推理判断题。根据后文I decided to remind them that English is not my first language. I asked them to speak more slowly to help me follow the discussions. It was a lit

52、tle awkward to draw attention to what might be seen as a weakness. And at first, the other members of the research team seemed slightly surprised.（我决定提醒他们英语不是我的第一语言。我让他们说得慢一点，帮助我跟上讨论。让别人注意到可能被视为弱点的东西有点尴尬。一开始，研究小组的其他成员似乎有点惊讶）可知，后文提到作者主动提醒他人英语不是自己的第一语言，让别人说得慢一点，即对同事坦白自己的缺点，A选项中colleagues对应后文中them。故A选项

53、另外，我学会了对同事开诚布公符合语境，故选A。细节理解题。根据上文But the dynamics quickly improved. They seemed to become more aware of how they were speaking, and I felt more comfortable joining in the conversation.（但情况很快得到了改善。他们似乎更清楚自己在说什么，我也更自在地加入了他们的谈话）可知，本句为本段最后一句，上文提到作者和同事的沟通情况有了改善，说明在他们双方的努力下，作者也在逐渐克服语言障碍。故F选项通过双方的努力，我们可以克服语言障碍符合语境，故选F。