非谓语动词公开课课件.ppt

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1、非谓语动词 不定式 (to do） 否定 (not to do) V-ing （ doing） 否定 (not doing) 过去分词 （ done） 否定 (not done) 在句子中充当 除谓语动词以外 的各种句子成分的 动词形式 叫做非谓语动词。 非谓语动词有三种： I want to read a book written by the woman living there. 谓语 非谓语动词 主语 宾语 定语 表语 补语 状语 To do V - i n g V - ed 非谓语动词功能表 不定式在句子中可以充当哪些成分？ 1、作 主语 To run is a good habit

2、.(=It is a good habit to run.) 2、作 表语 Our plan is to build a bridge over the river. 3、作 宾语 I want to buy a dictionary. 4、作 定语 He has a chance to go abroad. 5、作 状语 To finish the work, he had to get up early. 6、作 补语 I ask us to help him. 1、 主语 Nodding the head means agreement. 点头表示同意。 2、 宾语 Would you

3、mind my closing the windows? 3、 表语 His job is selling newspapers. 4、 定语 This is a swimming pool. V-ing在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？ 5.补语 He kept me waiting so long. 6.状语 Walking in the street, I met my teacher. 过去分词在句子当中可以充当哪些成分？ 1、 定语 This is one of the schools built in 1980s. English is a widely used language. 2

4、、 表语 The shop is closed. 3、 补语 She felt her arm toughed. 4、 状语 Seen from the space, the earth looks blue. 非谓语动词的形式 主动态 被动态 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing 过去分词 done 现在分词 主动态 被动态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 动 词

5、不定式 动词不定式的形式 John said that he had run in order to catch the bus. （ 一般式的主动态） He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态 ) He pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式 ) He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态 ) This work of art seemed to have been created long ago. (完成式的被动态 ) Were happy t

6、o have been working with you. (完成进行式 ) 现在分词的形式 He sat in a chair, reading a novel. (一般式主动态 ) Being exhausted by work, he fell asleep quickly. (一般式被动态 ) Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主动态 ) All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态 ) 过去分词的形式 Seen from the space, the eart

7、h is filled with water. (过去分词被动态 ) 不定式和现在分词 作宾语 的区别 英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词作直接宾语，但有些动词要求 1. 不定式常用以下动词后 作宾语 ： agree, ask, attempt, begin, demand, desire, dislike, expect, decide, seem, intend, try, permit, refuse, manage, order, persuade, tend, fail, choose, forget, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, wait

8、, 等。 例如 :He managed to pass the exam. He promised to be here at nine. I didnt expect to see you here. 2.动名词 常用以下动词后 作宾语 :admit, avoid cant help, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, give up, mind, practice, suggest, look forward to, be used to doing, succeed in, feel like, stick to, etc. 例如： Some people

9、 do not enjoy smoking. He avoided answering my question definitely. We are looking forward to seeing you again. 不定式 , 现在分词 , 过去分词 做定语 的区别 不定式表示即将发生的动作 , The building to be completed next month is our library. 现在分词表示现在发生的动作 , The building being built is our library. 过去分词表示已经发生的动作 . The building built

10、 is our library. 不定式 , 现在分词 , 过去分词 做状语 的区别 不定式作状语一般表示目的 ,结果或原因 : They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan (目的 The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf (结果 ) We are glad to hear the news.(原因 ) 现在 分词作状语一般表示伴随 ,主动或 现在 They stood by the roadside talking about the plan (伴随 ) Not knowin

11、g what to do, he went to his parents for help. 过去分词作状语一般表示被动或完成 Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. The pop singer,followed by two body guards, came to meet his fans. 不定式 , 现在分词 , 过去分词 做 宾补 的区别 有些使役动词及感官动词后如 let, make, have, hear, see, feel, smell, hear, watch等 动词不定式只说明宾语的一个动作 ,

12、宾语 与 动词不定式 是主动关系 Just then he heard someone sing in the next room. 现在分词说明宾语的动作正在进行，宾语与现在分词是主动关系 Then he heard someone singing in the next room. 过去分词说明宾语与过去分词是 被 动关系 He had his bike repaired yesterday. He found his watch stolen. 注意问题 1.有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别 1） forget to do 忘记要去做某事（此事未做） forget doing

13、忘记做过某事（此事已做过或已发生） 2） stop to do 停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事 3） remember to do 记住去做某事（未做） remember doing记得做过某事 (已做 ) 4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾 regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔 5） try to do努力、企图做某事 try doing试验、试一试某种办法 6) mean to do打算，有意要 mean doing意味着 7） go on to do 继而（去做另外一件事情） go on doing 继续（原先没有做

14、完的事情） 8） propose to do 打算（要做某事） proposing doing建议（做某事） 2.不定代词 something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不 定式做定语 I have something to do tonight. He still has a lot of homework to finish. 3.疑问词 who， what， which， when， where和 how后加不定式构 成一种特殊的不定式短语 : When to start has not been decided. (主语 ) I dont k

15、now what to do 我不知道该怎么办。 (宾语 ) The difficulty was how to cross the river (表语 ) 非谓语动词中的句型 1） Doing.+ v. Reading is an art.阅读是门艺术。 Seeing is believing.眼见为实。 2) It is + no use/ good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, .)等名词 +doing sth. It is no use crying.哭没有用。 3)There is no use (good/point/sense/

16、harm)+doing sth 做某事没用 There is no use crying over spilt milk 4)go +Ving示 “ 从事 ” 之意 Ill go camping tomorrow 我明天去露营。 Ill go shopping 我去商店。 It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。 5)在 want, need, require等动词后 ,常用动名词的主动形式表 示被动的意思。例如： My hair needs cutting. (= My hair needs to be cut.) 6)在某些固定结构 Generally / Frank

17、ly speaking , Judging from / by 中，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种 结构只限于为数很少的几个动词 Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family. Frankly speaking, I dont like him at all. 不定式 NMET 2000 第 19题 Ive work with children before, so I know what_ in my job. A. expected B. to expect C to be expecting D.expects B 该题

18、考查疑问 +不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英 语中有一些动词 后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式 做宾语，如： tell, discuss, know, show, learn, decide, wonder, explain 不定式的 作用 解析 例 2 NMET 1999 第 21 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make. B 不定式 因为主语是 the purpose， 在 （

19、 purpose, wish, promise, plan） 后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式， to不能省略，因此构成 the purpose is to not to do 句型，故选 B 。 不定式的 作 用 解析 例 3 NMET 1997第 1 I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone D 不定式 该题考查动词不定式做 宾语 的 用法。 would lov

20、e(like) to 是固定搭配， 因此 B、 C、 不合题意。 Would love + 不定式一般式，表示 “ 想，希望 ” ， 而接不定式完成式则表示 “ 原本希望 而未曾实现 ” 的意思。 解析 不定式的 时态和语态 例 4 NMET 2002 第 Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (2002) A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen 例如： It was the fir

21、st such project to be designed by Chinese engineers. The question to be discussed at the next meeting will be rather difficult. B 不定式的语态取决于它和主语以及被它修饰的 词的逻辑关系 ,被动关系用被动 . 解析 不定式 例 5 NMET 1996年 The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eat

22、该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意 warn 后跟词方式， warn sb. not to do sth. warn sb. against doing sth. 该题应该用 结构另外， not 应 放在 to之前。 在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只 有少数动词（五个看 see,watch,notice, observe,look at； 三使役 make,let, have;二听 listen to,hear等）须接不带 to 的不定式做宾补。 解析 不定式的 否定形式 过去分词 1.作状语 例 1 NMET1996第 23题 _ in thought,he almost ran i

23、nto the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose C 1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法动词 -ing或 过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是 主语 。 2.“ 陷入深思 ” 有两种表达法， A.Lose oneself in thought B.be lost in thought,按句子提供的语境可用结构 B. 解析 过去分词主要考查其在句中作状语、定语、表语和补语的用法。 过去分词 2.作定语 例 2 NMET1997第 17 The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C.did no

24、t include women players until 1912. A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first playing A 过去 分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾 关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成。 现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与 修饰词是主谓关系。 不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。 所以 A是正确的。 First played in 776B.C.=which was first played in 776 B.C. 解析 过去分词 3.作表语 例 3 NMET1998第 23题 Cl

25、eaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay C 该题考查分词作表语的用法。“ to pay sb. by the hour” 计时给某人报酬。 此题被动结构作表语。类似的有： get burnt, get hurt , get wounded. 解析 V. -ing 形式 例 NMET1998 European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world

26、. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make A v.-ing 形式主要考查其在句子中作 定语 和 状语 的用法 Making it the popular sport in the world为现在分 词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子 的后面 ,ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出 乎意料。如： 解析 His parents died, leaving him an orphan. He rushed to the post office only to find it was closed 过去分词 4.作补语 该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法

27、。 the plan 与 carry out 的关系是被动关系。 see sth.done 这结构常见的还有 watch(notice, observe,have 和 make)sth. done. 例 4 NMET2000第 22题 The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out C 解析 1. Friendship is like money： easier made

28、 than _ (03上海春 ) A kept B to be kept C keeping D being kept 2. _ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement A The president will attend B The president to attend (03上海春 ) C The president attended D The presidents attending 3. Unless _ to speak， you should remain silent at the confer

29、ence A invited B inviting C being invited D having invited (03上春 ) 4. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _ in making the earth a better place to live (03上海春 ) A to have played B to play C to be played D to be playing A D A B 5. How about the two of us _ a walk down

30、 the garden? (MET93 17) A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking 6. _ down the radio - the babys asleep in the next room. (MET93 24) A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn 7. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. (MET93 34) A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D

31、. having invented 8. -I must apologize for _ ahead of time. -Thats all right. (MET94 21) A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know 9. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. (NMET94 22) A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride

32、; to ride D. to ride; riding 10. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.(NMET94 25) A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play 11. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET94 34) A.having written B. to be written C. being writt

33、en D. written 12. -You were brave enough to raised objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. (NMET95 26) A. to do b. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 13. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_. (NMET95 35) A. not to B. not to do C. not do it

34、 D. do not to 14. -What do you think made Mary so upset? -_ her new bicycle. (97上海 13) A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing 15. She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake. (97 上海 12) A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 16. She looks forward every sprin

35、g to _ the flower-lined garden. (95 上海 20) A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in 17. While shopping, people sometime cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. (96上海 14) A. to pursue B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded 18. The purpose of new technologies is t

36、o make life easier, _ it more difficult. (NMET99 21) A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 19. A computer does only what thinking people _. (99上海 19) A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done 20. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _ “Sorry

37、 to miss you; will call later.” (NMET99 25) A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 5.Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and again. A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive 6. To master a foreign language,_. A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of pra

38、ctice C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice 20. The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday. A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned 4.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing. A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen 1.He gave us some advice on how_ English. A.learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn 2. It s a pay day， and they are waiting_. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to be paid 3. - A letter may be too slow. - Why not _ a telegram. A.try sending B.try to send C.to try sending D.trying to send 巩固练习 C D A B A D