Amateur Radio Technician Class Element 2 Course …4678：业余无线电技师班2元课程……

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1、Technician Licensing Class“T1”Presented by theOpp Amateur Radio ClubOpp,ALdddd,MMMM dd,yyyydddd,MMMM dd,yyyy2Amateur Radio Technician ClassElement 2 Course Presentation ELEMENT 2 SUB-ELEMENTS T1-FCC Rules,station license responsibilities T2-Control operator duties T3-Operating practices T4-Radio and

2、 electronic fundamentals T5-Station setup and operation T6-Communications modes and methods T7-Special operations T8-Emergency and Public Service Communications T9-Radio waves,propagation,and antennas T0-Electrical and RF Safety3FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1A Basis and purpose o

3、f the Amateur Radio Service An Amateur Radio Station is a station in an Amateur Radio Service consisting of the apparatus necessary for carrying on radio communications.An amateur operator as defined in Part 97 is a person named in an amateur operator/primary license grant in the FCC ULS database.On

4、e of the basic purposes of the Amateur Radio Service as defined in Part 97 is to provide a voluntary noncommercial communications service to the public,particularly in times of emergency.Two of the five fundamental purposes for the Amateur Radio Service are to increase the number of trained radio op

5、erators and electronics experts,and improve international goodwill.4FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1A Penalties for unlicensed operation,other penalties The Federal Communications Commission makes and enforces the rules for the Amateur Radio Service in the United States.Harmful int

6、erference is a transmission that disturbs other communications.5FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1A Examinations The classes of US amateur radio licenses that may currently be earned by examination are Technician,General,and Amateur Extra.A Volunteer Examiner(VE)is an amateur accredi

7、ted by one or more Volunteer Examiner Coordinators(VECs)who volunteers to administer amateur license exams.Three Volunteer Examiners holding a General Class license or higher are required to administer an Element 2 Technician written exam A Certificate of Successful Completion of Examination(CSCE)is

8、 valid for license upgrade purposes for 365 days.6Volunteer Examiner Each administering VE must:Be accredited by the coordinating VEC Be at least 18 years of age Be a person who holds an amateur operator license of the class specified below:Amateur Extra,Advanced or General Class in order to adminis

9、ter a Technician Class operator license examination Amateur Extra or Advanced Class in order to administer a General Class operator license examination Amateur Extra Class in order to administer an Amateur Extra Class operator license examination Must be present and observing the examinee throughout

10、 the entire examination7Official documents VE Badges&FCC License(s)8CSCE 9VEC offices of W5YI (K5GTP Tracy)10Actual input to FCC from VEC 11FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1B ITU regions The purpose of ITU Regions is to assist in the management of frequency allocations.International

11、 Telecommunication Union(ITU)U.S.is in Region 212International Telegraph Union(ITU)Regions13FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1B International regulations You are allowed to operate your amateur station in a foreign country when there is a reciprocal operating agreement between the co

12、untries.14FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1B US call sign structure The FCC uses a system,called the Sequential Call Sign System,where call signs are assigned in sequential order to select new amateur radio call signs.An amateur radio club would obtain a club station call sign by ap

13、plying through a Club Station Call Sign Administrator.Minimum of four members are required for a club15FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1BUS call sign structure(cont)The letters,A,K,N and W,must be used for the first letter in US amateur call signs.Calls are issued in a sequential ma

14、nner,not random A single digit,0 through 9 number is used in US amateur call signs.Numbers are assigned by district of applicant KB3TMJ is a valid US amateur callsign.16Call sign by state exam taken17Call Signs(cont.)FCC Region number 1-ME,NH,VT,MA,CT,RI 2-NY,NJ 3-PA,MD,DE 4-VA,KY,NC,TN,SC,GA,Al,FL

15、5-AR,LA,OK,TX,NM 6-CA 7-WA,MT,ID,OR,UT,NV,AZ 8-MI,OH,WV 9-WI,IL,IN18Call Signs(cont.)FCC Region number(cont.)0-ND,SD,MN,IA,NE,MO,KS,CO 11-AK(*L7)12-Caribbean(*P4)13-Hawaii and Pacific Islands(*H6)Suffix Alphabetically sequential Based on where living at time of issuance Not Automatically changed but

16、 can be requested19StateAlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriAbr.ALAKAZARCACOCTDEFLGAHIIDILINIAKSKYLAMEMDMAMIMNMSMOCapitalMontgomeryJuneauPhoen

17、ixLittle RockSacramentoDenverHartfordDoverTallahasseeAtlantaHonoluluBoiseSpringfieldIndianapolisDes MoinesTopekaFrankfortBaton RougeAugustaAnnapolisBostonLansingSt.PaulJacksonJefferson CityDistrict4KL775601344KH679900451318050StateMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth C

18、arolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyomingAbr.MTNENVNHNJNMNYNCNDOHOKORPARISCSDTNTXUTVTVAWAWVWIWYCapitalHelenaLincolnCarson CityConcordTrentonSanta FeAlbanyRaleighBismarckColumbusOklah

19、oma CitySalemHarrisburgProvidenceColumbiaPierreNashvilleAustinSalt Lake CityMontpelierRichmondOlympiaCharlestonMadisonCheyenneDistrict707125240857314045714789720FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1B Special event calls Any FCC-licensed amateur is eligible to apply for temporary use of

20、a 1-by-1 format Special Event call sign.Special Event call sign has the same ID requirements as your own call sign.You must also ID with your call sign once an hour.21Technician Frequencies 6 meters -50 to 54 MHz 2 meters -144 to 148 MHz 1.25 meters -222 to 225 MHz 219 to 220 MHz secondary use only

21、for point to point digital message forwarding.70 centimeters*-420 to 450 MHz no 430 to 430 MHz north of line A(south of Canada.)33 centimeters*-902 to 928 MHz 23 centimeters*-1240 to 1300 MHz Other higher frequencies*Can not interfere when we are a secondary user.M Hams may be a secondary user or ha

22、ve geographic/power limits.22FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1B Vanity call signs You would use the vanity call sign program to obtain a call sign containing your initials.Renewal of vanity call signs can be done on the Internet.There is a fee for the vanity call.23FCC Rules and Sta

23、tion Licensee Responsibilities T1C Authorized frequencies(Technician),operation near band edges The frequency,52.525 MHz,is within the 6-meter band.You are using the 2 meter band when you are transmitting on 146.52 MHz.If you are operating on 223.50 MHz then you are operating on the 1.25 meter amate

24、ur band.The 70-centimeter frequency,443.350 MHz,is authorized to a Technician class license holder operating in ITU Region 2.The 23 centimeter frequency,1296 MHz,is authorized to a Technician class license holder operating in ITU Region 2.The 2-meter amateur band is in the VHF or Very High Frequency

25、 range.The 70-centimeter amateur band is in the UHF or Ultra High Frequency range.26Frequency allocations 50-150 MHz 50.000-54.000 Amateur(6-meter)54.000 -72.000 Broadcast TV chs 2-4(6 MHz steps-FMw)72.000 -76.000(various)76.000 -88.000 Broadcast TV chs 5-6(6 MHz steps-FMw)88.000 -108.000 FM Broadca

26、st(200 kHz steps-FMw)108.000-118.000 Aero-navigation 118.000-136.000 Aero-communications(25 kHz steps-AM)136.000-138.000 Satellite 138.000-144.000 US Government 144.000-148.000 Amateur(2-meter)148.000-150.800 US Government 27Frequency allocations(cont)162-450 MHz 162.025-174.000(various,mainly US Go

27、vernment)174.000-216.000 Broadcast TV chs 7-13(6 MHz steps-FMw)216.000-218.000 Maritime-AMTS,coast(25 kHz steps)218.000-219.000 IVDS-Interactive Video&Data 219.000-220.000 Maritime-AMTS,ship(25 kHz steps)220.000-221.000(Private land Mobile)-base(5 kHz steps)221.000-222.000(Private land Mobile)-mobil

28、e()222.000-225.000 Amateur(1.25-meter)225.000-400.000 US Government-Aero(AM)400.000-406.000 US Govt-Meteorological/Space 406.000-420.000 US Government 420.000-450.000 Amateur(70cm)/military/radar/radiolocation 28Frequency allocations(cont)896-1300 MHz:896.000-901.000 SMR/Business/Industry-mobile(12.

29、5 kHz steps)901.000-902.000 Personal Communications Services 902.000-928.000 Amateur(33cm)/various secondary 928.000-929.000()929.000-930.000 paging 930.000-931.000 Personal Communications Services-base 931.000-935.000()935.000-940.000 SMR/Business/Industry-base(12.5 kHz steps)940.000-941.000 Person

30、al Communications Services-base 941.000-960.000()960.000-1215.000 Aeronautical navigation 1215.000-1240.000 US Govt-Radiolocation/Space 1240.000-1300.000 Amateur(23cm)29FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1C Reciprocal licensing You must be named in the FCC amateur license database,or b

31、e an alien with reciprocal operating authorization before you can control an amateur station in the US.A US amateur license allows you to transmit from wherever the Amateur Radio Service is regulated by the FCC or where reciprocal agreements are in place.A US amateur operator may communicate with an

32、 amateur in a foreign country at any time unless prohibited by either government.30FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1C Spectrum sharing When authorized by the FCC,amateur stations are allowed to communicate with stations operating in other radio services.Communications on a regular b

33、asis that could reasonably be furnished alternatively through other radio services are not permitted in the Amateur Radio Service.When an amateur frequency band is said to be available on a secondary basis,amateurs may not cause harmful interference to primary users according to the FCC rules.31FCC

34、Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1D The station license The government agency that grants your amateur radio license is the Federal Communications Commission(FCC).The FCC issues operator/station licenses in the Amateur Radio Service.Anyone except a representative of a foreign government

35、can become an amateur licensee in the US.32FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1DThe station licenseThe station license (cont)(cont)You may transmit after passing the required examination elements for your first amateur radio license and as soon as your license grant appears in the FCCs

36、 ULS database.Your responsibility as a station licensee is to ensure your station is operated in accordance with the FCC rules.There is no minimum age requirement to hold an amateur license.33No minimum age for an Amateur Radio License34 Correct name and address on fileCorrect name and address on fi

37、le The FCC requires the station licensee mailing address to be kept up to date on the Universal Licensing System(ULS)database.An Amateur radio operator must have a correct name and mailing address on file with the FCC to receive mail delivery from the FCC by the United States Postal Service.The FCC

38、may revoke or suspend a license if the mailing address of the holder is not current with the FCC.If mail is returned to the FCC as undeliverable this could be a cause.FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1D35FCC SUSPENDS HAM LICENSES FOR FAILURE TO MAINTAIN MAILING ADDRESS (it can happen

39、)The FCC has suspended two Amateur Radio licenses because the The FCC has suspended two Amateur Radio licenses because the holders had failed to maintain correct mailing addresses in the holders had failed to maintain correct mailing addresses in the Commissions licensee database.Commissions license

40、e database.Special Counsel in the FCC Spectrum Enforcement Division Riley Hollingsworth wrote Larry L.Larry L.Smith,KC7LJR,of Middleton,Idaho,and Larry J.Smith,KC7LJR,of Middleton,Idaho,and Larry J.Maniag,KD7JTG,of Payson,Arizona,Maniag,KD7JTG,of Payson,Arizona,on June 28,2006 to inform them the FCC

41、 was suspending their Technician tickets for the remainder of their license terms or until each licensee provides a valid mailing address.http:/www.arrl.org/news/stories/2006/07/18/100/36FCC Rules and Station Licensee Responsibilities T1DLicense term,renewals,grace periodLicense term,renewals,grace

42、period The normal term for an amateur station license grant is 10 years.You are not permitted to continue to transmit if you forget to renew your amateur license and it expires.Transmitting is not allowed until the license is renewed and appears on the FCC ULS database.The grace period during which

43、the FCC will renew an expired 10-year license without re-examination is 2 years.37Take aways Amateur Radio Stationcarries on radio communications with necessary apparatus.Amateur Operator person named in FCC ULS database Basic purposes voluntary noncommercial service,particularly during emergencies

44、Two of Five increase numbers of trained operators and improve international goodwill38Take aways(cont)FCC makes and enforces rules Harmful interference disturbs other communications Ten years two year grace period.Renew on line/no cost.(unless a vanity call)ITU Regions assist management of frequency

45、 allocations U.S.in Region 239Take aways(cont)Reciprocal operating agreement allows operation in foreign countries FCC uses Sequential Call Sign System Four members for a club station obtained by applying through Club Station Call Sign Administrator40Take aways(cont)52.525 MHz 6-meter band 146.52 MH

46、z 2-meter band 223.50 MHz 1.25-meter band 443.350 MHz 70-centimeter 1296 MHz 23-centimeterNotice that as the frequency goes up,the wavelength goes downNotice that as the frequency goes up,the wavelength goes down(Sorry,you need to memorize these frequenciesSorry,you need to memorize these frequencie

47、s)41Take aways(cont)Control an amateur station name in FCC database or be an alien with reciprocal agreement to operate in U.S.U.S.license allows transmissions FCC regulated or reciprocal agreements U.S.amateurs communicate with foreign countries unless prohibited by either governments With authoriz

48、ation by FCC communications with other radio services may be permitted42Take aways(cont)Communications on regular basis furnished by other radio services are not permitted Amateur bands as secondary basis my not cause harmful interference to primary users by rules FCC grants amateur radio license FC

49、C issues operator/station licenses in the Amateur Radio Service43Take aways(cont)Anyone except a representative of a foreign government can become an amateur licensee in the U.S.No age requirements Transmissions after passing the required exam and as soon as your license grant appears in the FCC ULS

50、 database Responsibility as a station licensee:ensure your station is operated in accordance with the FCC rules44Take aways(cont)Station licensee mailing address must be current,correct name and address,revocation of license possible if returned as undeliverable Letters:A K N W Numbers:0 thru 9;assi

51、gned by district of applicant Any amateur can apply for temporary 1 by 1 Special Event call sign,use normal ID requirements plus your call sign once an hour Vanity call signs thru vanity call sign program renewal on Internet,fee required Technician,General,Extra45Take aways(cont)VE is volunteer exam

52、iner VEC Volunteer examiner coordinator CSCE valid for 365 days Normal term for license of 10 years Transmitting is not permitted if license not valid renewed and appears on the FCC ULS database Grace period is 2 years with re-examination no transmitting permitted during this time frameElement 2 Tec

53、hnician Class Question PoolT1Valid July 1,2006ThroughJune 30,201047T1A01 Who is an amateur operatoras defined in Part 97?A.A person named in an amateur operator/primary license grant in the FCC ULS databaseB.A person who has passed a written license examinationC.The person named on the FCC Form 605

54、ApplicationD.A person holding a Restricted Operating Permit48T1A02 What is one of the basic purposes of the Amateur Radio Service as defined in Part 97?A.To support teaching of amateur radio classes in schools B.To provide a voluntary noncommercial communications service to the public,particularly i

55、n times of emergency C.To provide free message service to the publicD.To allow the public to communicate with other radio services 49T1A03 What classes of US amateur radio licenses may currently be earned by examination?A.Novice,Technician,General,AdvancedB.Technician,General,AdvancedC.Technician,Ge

56、neral,ExtraD.Technician,Tech Plus,General50T1A04 Who is a Volunteer Examiner?A.A certified instructor who volunteers to examine amateur teaching manualsB.An FCC employee who accredits volunteers to administer amateur license examsC.An amateur accredited by one or more VECs who volunteers to administ

57、er amateur license examsD.Any person who volunteers to examine amateur station equipment51T1A05 How long is a CSCE valid for license upgrade purposes?A.365 daysB.Until the current license expiresC.IndefinitelyD.Until two years following the expiration of the current license52T1A06 How many and what

58、class of Volunteer Examiners are required to administer an Element 2 Technician written exam?A.Three Examiners holding any class of licenseB.Two Examiners holding any class of licenseC.Three Examiners holding a Technician Class licenseD.Three Examiners holding a General Class license or higher53T1A0

59、7 Who makes and enforces the rules for the Amateur Radio Service in the United States?A.The Congress of the United StatesB.The Federal Communications Commission C.The Volunteer Examiner Coordinators D.The Federal Bureau of Investigation 54T1A08 What are two of the five fundamental purposes for the A

60、mateur Radio Service?A.To protect historical radio data,and help the public understand radio historyB.To aid foreign countries in improving radio communications and encourage visits from foreign hamsC.To modernize radio electronic design theory and improve schematic drawingsD.To increase the number

61、of trained radio operators and electronics experts,and improve international goodwill55T1A09 What is the definition of an amateur radio station?A.A station in a public radio service used for radio communicationsB.A station using radio communications for a commercial purposeC.A station using equipmen

62、t for training new broadcast operators and techniciansD.A station in an Amateur Radio Service consisting of the apparatus necessary for carrying on radio communications56T1A10 What is a transmission called that disturbs other communications?A.Interrupted CWB.Harmful interferenceC.Transponder signals

63、D.Unidentified transmissions57T1B01 What is the ITU?A.The International Telecommunications UtilityB.The International Telephone UnionC.The International Telecommunication UnionD.The International Technology Union58T1B02 What is the purpose of ITU Regions?A.They are used to assist in the management o

64、f frequency allocationsB.They are useful when operating maritime mobileC.They are used in call sign assignmentsD.They must be used after your call sign to indicate your location59T1B03 What system does the FCC use to select new amateur radio call signs?A.Call signs are assigned in random orderB.The

65、applicant is allowed to pick a call sign C.Call signs are assigned in sequential order D.Volunteer Examiners choose an unassigned call sign 60T1B04 What FCC call sign program might you use to obtain a call sign containing your initials?A.The vanity call sign programB.The sequential call sign program

66、C.The special event call sign programD.There is no FCC provision for choosing a your call sign61T1B05 How might an amateur radio club obtain a club station call sign?A.By applying directly to the FCC in Gettysburg,PAB.By applying through a Club Station Call Sign AdministratorC.By submitting a FCC Form 605 to the FCC in Washington,DCD.By notifying a VE team using NCVEC Form 60562T1B06 Who is eligible to apply for temporary use of a 1-by-1 format Special Event call sign?A.Only Amateur Extra class