液压平衡吊设计+VB程序(受力分析液压设计)【含CAD图纸和说明书】
喜欢这个资料需要的话就充值下载吧。资源目录里展示的全都有预览可以查看的噢,下载就有,请放心下载,原稿可自行编辑修改=【QQ:11970985 可咨询交流】=喜欢就充值下载吧。资源目录里展示的全都有,下载后全都有,请放心下载,原稿可自行编辑修改=【QQ:197216396 可咨询交流】=
毕业设计开题报告学 院:机械与动力工程 姓 名: 学 号: 专业班级: 指导老师: 本科毕业设计(论文)开题报告题目名称液压平衡吊参数化设计学生姓名一、 选题的目的和意义:目的毕业设计是我们大学生活最后一项重要学习任务;是对四年所学知识的总结和灵活运用;而且是在一段相对集中的时间段内对自己知识结构的一个检测,完善自己在本科学习阶段的知识汇总与继续学习弥补,是我们结束本科学习,走上工作岗位或进一步深造的必由之路,对于我们意义重大。选择液压平衡吊这种机械的设计作为毕业设计的选题,能培养我独立解决工程实际问题的能力,通过这次毕业设计是对所学基本理论和专业知识的一次综合运用,也使我们的设计、计算和绘图能力都得到了全面的训练。可以达到以下几个目的:(1) 巩固、扩大和深化我们以前所学的基础课、专业课知识;(2) 培养我们综合分析、理论联系实际的能力;(3) 培养团队精神、合作意识的能力。(4) 锻炼自己的设计计算、数据处理、编写技术资料、绘图等工作能力; 并针对工厂的实际需要完成对平衡悬架装配线的改善,达到提高装配效率、降低工人劳动强度及获取企业最大经济效益和社会效益的目标。意义该机械设备广泛使用于机加工生产车间、零部件装配和修理车间的吊装工作,尤其适用于中小批,多品种生产场合的上下料流水作业线上。该设备结构新颖紧凑,效率高、速度快,使用安全可靠,维修简单方便,与机械平衡吊相比可提高生产效率40%,节约能源50%。该机械设备具有以下特点:1、无需行程开关,利用油缸自身行程来实现限位,由活塞杆上下运动来带动吊臂的升降运动,并且设置有缓冲装置,工作平稳,冲击小。2、液压系统中设置有安全装置,在过载等情况下具有安全保护作用,避免了机械平衡吊零部件易损和不安全事故的发生。3、液压平衡吊由于采用液压油作为工作介质,液压传动装置能自行润滑,磨损小,噪音低,故使用寿命长。4、在起吊同等重量的情况下,液压传动的电机功率是机械传动电机功率的0.3-0.5倍,节能降耗。5、该产品后期维护费用低,仅需更换损坏的密封件即可。6、本产品立柱及主要部件均采用铸钢和钢板焊接结构件,大大提高了整体的刚性和强度,杜绝了不安全隐患。二、 国内外研究现状简述: 由于我国发展平衡吊的时间还不长,作为产品只有几年的时间,在某些方面与美,日等发达国家相比有如下差距: (1)产品系列还不够完善规格和产品品种较少,产品结构通用化,标准化程度低。目前多为地面固定型,对于一些特殊用户还不能满足。 ( 2) 传动控制性能不够理想目前,我国生产的标准型电动平衡吊的升降速度为定速传动,为避免起停时由惯性引起的震动,速度都较低,只能用于一般上下料工作,气动和液压平衡吊可以实现有级或无级变速,可达到平稳的启动和停止以及较高的移动速度,但因控制元件性能不够理想,故其控制性能有待进一步提高。YPD-300型液压平衡吊和SDB-200型随动臂为随动控制,适于较高的吊装工作,并可在手部安装手爪等抓取机构,但目前能在制造厂订购的只有YPD-300型一种。平衡吊在制造方面还有很大的空间和很长的路要走。对于平衡吊的设计也有大量的工作去做。三、毕业设计(论文)所采用的研究方法和手段: 1 、在上网搜集资料; 2 、上图书馆搜集资料; 3 、与老师和同学讨论; 4 、参观制造相关产品的企业单位; 5 、通过现有的产品了解其发展现状; 6 、通过计算机绘图; 7 、设计应能满足工作要求的平衡吊; 8 、尽量使用通用件以降低成本; 9 、设计要充分考虑设备的经济性、工艺性、可行性、环保性; 10 、整体结构设计中实现机构的运动的稳定、可靠; 11 、设计过程中要充分体现现代设计理念;四、主要参考文献与资料获得情况:参考文献1 配重平衡吊J. 机械工人.冷加工. 1976(01) 2 叶光均. 平衡吊的自重平衡问题J. 机械工人.冷加工. 1981(02)3 钱伟鑫. 四连杆机构平衡吊具J. 机械工人.冷加工. 1989(05)4 平衡吊车J. 机械工人.冷加工. 1974(10)5 平衡吊车J. 电机与控制应用. 1974(03)6 项永清. 平衡吊原理及设计计算J. 中国铸造装备与技术. 1977(02)7 高连华.张国亮. 平衡吊的几个问题J. 起重运输机械. 1986(08)8 张忠成. 机械厂起重设备钢丝绳安全的技术探讨J. 中国新技术新产品. 2008(16)9 起重运输设备情况索引J. 电机与控制应用. 1976(01)10 邓祁曾. 平衡吊四杆机构尺寸的优化设计J. 机械设计. 1988(06)11 王庆方.平衡吊设计的研究J;铸造设备研究;1980年02期12 平衡吊车J;机械工人.冷加工;1974年10期五、毕业设计(论文)进度安排(按周说明): 第1 - 4 周 毕业实习,参观工厂,收集资料; 第 5 周 确定毕业设计题目; 第 6-7 周 调研阶段,从图书馆和网上查阅相关资料; 第 8 周 完成开题报告,交指导老师检查; 第 9-14 周 编写毕业论文并画好图纸,交指导老师审查; 第15-16周 确定毕业论文终稿,准备答辩六、指导教师审批意见(对选题的可行性、研究方法、进度安排作出评价,对是否开题作出决定): 指导教师: (签名)年 月 日 毕毕业设计中期检查报告学 院:机械与动力工程 姓 名:牛连防 学 号:321104010321 专业班级:机制本1103 指导老师:陈西平教授河南理工大学本科毕业设计(论文)中期检查表指导教师: 陈西平 职称: 教授 所在院(系):机械与动力工程学院 教研室(系、研究所):机械教研室题 目液压平衡吊参数化设计学生姓名 牛连防 专业班级机制本1103 学号 321104010321一、进度情况说明:我的开题报告已经完成,自己通过查找资料从已经总体上把握设计任务。基本完成了对相关资料的查阅,对课题有了总体分析后熟悉了液压平衡吊平行四连杆机构的主要结构,能够清楚自己毕业设计的整体思路,知道自己所设计装置的各个组成部分,清楚自己所需设计的主要零件。对这些知识的掌握为自己的毕业设计打下了良好的基础,已经开始对课题进行设计计算,并通过设计计算对部分零件的尺寸有了清晰的掌握和理解,为接下来的设计顺利进行做好了准备。 1、5月10日前完成全部设计计算,并整理计算过程中的重要数据和资料,并开始进行图形绘制,争取在五月中旬完成初步图纸的绘制;2、5月15日开始进行设计任务书的撰写,并完善自己的零件图和装配图:3、5月25日前完成中英文摘要并修改和整理设计说明书;4、6月5日前将设计的所有材料交指导老师处,而后修改老师指出的不足之处; 5、整理自己的所有资料,准备答辩。2、 阶段性成果:1、 经过一段时间查找资料和文献,基本掌握自己所设计部分的结构和功能,清楚自己所设计装置的各组成零件,为自己的毕业设计打下了坚实基础;2、 在老师和同学地帮助下使自己能够对课题有明确的设计思路;3、 本次设计的开题报告已经完成,设计方法已基本定下,设计方案已经确定,并对一些零件的设计有了清晰的设计步骤; 4、 完成了毕业论文和毕业设计的一些前期工作; 5、 对装置的部分零件图进行了初步地构思设计。3、 存在的主要问题及解决方法: 存在的主要问题: 1、在课题开始阶段对装置的零件组成不是完全明白,对课题当中的一些细节没有弄明白,自己的专业知识不扎实;通过查阅资料和老师、同学的讨论基本克服了这些问题。2、课题设计中的一些方案不太合理;通过与老师的交流和在网上查阅资料,对这些方案进行了修改。3、设计经验不足,很多部件的设计需要花费大量时间反复验证才得以确定设计方法和思路。 解决方法:1、自己还要通过查找更多的资料,更加深入地对课题的一些细节进行分析;。2、再好好地复习一些相关的专业知识;3、需要在老师指导下,使自己能够设计出更合理的设计方案。4、需要自己对装置的功能结构和用途的认真思考和分析,才能确定合理的设计步骤和方案。四、指导教师对学生在毕业设计(论文)中的纪律及毕业设计(论文)任务的完成进展等方面的评语指导教师: (签名) 年 月 日毕业设计(论文)外文翻译学 院:机械与动力工程姓 名:学 号:专业班级:指导老师:Machine tool numerical control reformsFirst, CNC systems and the development trend of history1946 birth of the worlds first electronic computer, which shows that human beings created to enhance and replace some of the mental work tools. It and human agriculture, industrial society in the creation of those who merely increase compared to manual tools, from a qualitative leap for mankinds entry into the information society laid the foundation. Six years later, in 1952, computer technology applied to the machine in the United States was born first CNC machine tools. Since then, the traditional machine produced a qualitative change. Nearly half a century since the CNC system has experienced two phases and six generations of development. 1.1, Numerical Control (NC) phase (1952 to 1970)Early computers computational speed low and the prevailing scientific computing and data processing is not affected, but can not meet the requirements of real-time control machine. People have to use digital logic circuit tied into a single machine as a dedicated computer numerical control system, known as the hardware connection NC (HARD-WIRED NC), called the Numerical Control (NC). With the development of components of this phase after three generations, that is, in 1952 the first generation - tube; 1959 of the second generation - transistor; 1965 of the third generation - small-scale integrated circuits.1.2, Computer Numerical Control (CNC) phase (1970 to present)To 1970, GM has been a small computer and mass-produced. So it transplant system as the core component of NC, have entered a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) stage (in front of the computer should be universal word omitted). To 1971, the United States INTEL company in the world will be the first time the two most core computer components - computing and controller, a large-scale integrated circuit technology integration in a chip, called the microprocessor (MICROPROCESSOR) , also known as the central processing unit (CPU).1974 microprocessor to be used in CNC system. This is because the function of the computer is too small to control a machine tool capacity affluent (the time has been used to control more than one machine, called Group Control), as a reasonable economic use of the microprocessor. Minicomputer reliability and then not ideal. Early microprocessor speed and functionality while still not high enough, but can be adopted to solve the multi-processor architecture. As microprocessor core is a general computer components, it is still known as the CNC.By 1990, PC machines (personal computers, domestic habits that computer) performance has been developed to a high stage, as a CNC system to meet the requirements of the core components. NC system based on PC has now entered the stage.In short, CNC has also experienced a stage three generations. That is, in 1970s fourth generation - small computer; 1974 of the fifth generation - microprocessors and the sixth-generation 1990 - Based on the PC (called PC-BASED abroad).Also pointed out that, although the foreign computer has been renamed NC (CNC), but China still customary said Numerical Control (NC). Therefore, we stress the day-to-day NC, in essence, is that computer numerically controlled.1.3, the trend of future development of NC1.3.1 continue to open, the sixth generation of PC-based developmentBased on the PC with the open, low-cost, high reliability, rich in resources such as hardware and software features, and more CNC system manufacturers will embark on this path. At least it used PC as a front-end machine, to deal with the human-machine interface, programming, networking and communications problems, the former NC Some systems have the mandate. PC machine with the friendly interface, will be universal to all CNC system. Remote communications, remote diagnostics and maintenance will be more widespread.1.3.2 high-speed and high-precision DevelopmentThis is to adapt to high-speed and high-precision machine tools to the needs of the development direction.1.3.3 intelligent direction to the development With artificial intelligence in the computer field infiltration and the continuing development of the intelligent numerical control system will be continuously improved.(1)adaptive control technologyCNC system can detect some important information in the process, and automatically adjust system parameters to improve the system running state purposes.(2)the introduction of expert guidance processing systemthe experience of skilled workers and experts, processing and the general rules of law of special deposit system, the process parameters to the database as the foundation, and establish artificial intelligence expert system.(3)introduction of Fault Diagnosis Expert System(4)intelligent digital servo drivesAutomatic Identification can load, and automatically adjust parameters to get the best drive system operation.Second, CNC of the need for transformation2.1, microscopic view of the necessity of From the micro perspective, CNC machine tools than traditional machines have the following prominent superiority, and these advantages are from the NC system includes computer power.2.1.1 can be processed by conventional machining is not the curve, surface and other complex partsBecause computers are superb computing power can be accurately calculated instantaneous each coordinate axis movement exercise should be instantaneous, it can compound into complex curves and surfaces.2.1.2 automated processing can be achieved, but also flexible automation to increase machine efficiency than traditional 3 to 7 times.Because computers are memory and storage capacity, can be imported and stored procedures remember down, and then click procedural requirements to implement the order automatically to achieve automation. CNC machine tool as a replacement procedures, we can achieve another work piece machining automation, so that single pieces and small batch production can be automated, it has been called flexible automation.2.1.3 high precision machining parts, the size dispersion of small, easy to assemble, no longer needed repair.2.1.4 processes can be realized more focused, in part to reduce the frequent removal machine.2.1.5 have automatic alarm, automatic control, automatic compensation, and other self-regulatory functions, thus achieving long unattended processing.2.1.6 derived from the benefits of more than five.Such as: reducing the labor intensity of the workers, save the labor force (one can look after more than one machine), a decrease of tooling, shorten Trial Production of a new product cycle and the production cycle, the market demand for quick response, and so on.These advantages are our predecessors did not expect, is a very major breakthrough. In addition, CNC machine tools or the FMC (Flexible Manufacturing Cell), FMS (flexible manufacturing system) and CIMS (Computer Integrated Manufacturing System), and other enterprises, the basis of information transformation. NC manufacturing automation technology has become the core technology and basic technology.2.2, the macro view of the necessity From a macro perspective, the military industrial developed countries, the machinery industry, in the late 1970s, early 1980s, has begun a large-scale application of CNC machine tools. Its essence is the use of information technology on the traditional industries (including the military, the Machinery Industry) for technological transformation. In addition to the manufacturing process used in CNC machine tools, FMC, FMS, but also included in the product development in the implementation of CAD, CAE, CAM, virtual manufacturing and production management in the implementation of the MIS (Management Information System), CIMS, and so on. And the products that they produce an increase in information technology, including artificial intelligence and other content. As the use of information technology to foreign forces, the depth of Machinery Industry (referred to as information technology), and ultimately makes their products in the international military and civilian products on the market competitiveness of much stronger. And we in the information technology to transform traditional industries than about 20 years behind developed countries. Such as possession of machine tools in China, the proportion of CNC machine tools (CNC rate) in 1995 to only 1.9 percent, while Japan in 1994 reached 20.8 percent, every year a large number of imports of mechanical and electrical products. This also explains the macro CNC transformation of the need.Third, CNC machine tools and production lines of the transformation of the market 3.1, CNC transformation of the market My current machine total more than 380 million units, of which only the total number of CNC machine tool 113,400 Taiwan, or that Chinas CNC rate of less than 3 percent. Over the past 10 years, Chinas annual output of about 0.6 CNC machine tools to 0.8 million units, an annual output value of about 1.8 billion yuan. CNC machine tools annual rate of 6 per cent. Chinas machine tool easements over age 10 account for more than 60% below the 10 machines, automatic / semi-automatic machine less than 20 per cent, FMC / FMS, such as a handful more automated production line (the United States and Japan automatic and semi-automatic machine, 60 percent above). This shows that we the majority of manufacturing industries and enterprises of the production, processing equipment is the great majority of traditional machine tools, and more than half of military age is over 10 years old machine. Processing equipment used by the prevalence of poor quality products, less variety, low-grade, high cost, supply a long period, in view of the international and domestic markets, lack of competitiveness, and a direct impact on a companys products, markets, efficiency and impact The survival and development of enterprises. Therefore, we must vigorously raise the rate of CNC machine tools. 3.2, import equipment and production lines of the transformation of NC market Since Chinas reform and opening up, many foreign enterprises from the introduction of technology, equipment and production lines for technological transformation. According to incomplete statistics, from 1979 to 1988 10, the introduction of technological transformation projects are 18,446, about 16.58 billion US dollars. These projects, the majority of projects in Chinas economic construction play a due role. Some, however, the introduction of projects due to various reasons, not equipment or normal operation of the production line, and even paralyzed, and the effectiveness of enterprises affected by serious enterprise is in trouble. Some of the equipment, production lines introduced from abroad, the digestion and absorption of some bad, spare parts incomplete, improper maintenance, poor operating results; only pay attention to the introduction of some imported the equipment, apparatus, production lines, ignore software, technology, and management, resulting in items integrity, and potential equipment can not play, but some can not even start running, did not play due role, but some production lines to sell the products very well, but not because of equipment failure production standards; because some high energy consumption, low pass rate products incur losses, but some have introduced a longer time, and the need for technological upgrading. Some of the causes of the equipment did not create wealth, but consumption of wealth. These can not use the equipment, production lines is a burden, but also a number of significant assets in stock, wealth is repaired. As long as identifying the main technical difficulties, and solve key technical problems, we can minimize the investment and make the most of their assets in stock, gain the greatest economic and social benefits. This is a great transformation of the market. Fourth, NC transformation of the content and gifted missing 4.1, the rise of foreign trade reform In the United States, Japan and Germany and other developed countries, and their machine transform ation as new economic growth sector, the business scene, is in a golden age. The machine, as well as technology continues to progress, is a machine of the eternal issue. Chinas machine tool industry transformation, but also from old industries to enter the CNC technology mainly to the new industries. In the United States, Japan, Germany, with CNC machine tools and technological transformation of production lines vast market, has formed a CNC machine tools and production lines of the new industry. In the United States, transforming machine tool industry as renewable (Remanufacturing) industry. Renewable industry in the famous companies: Borsches engineering company, atoms machine tool company, Devlieg-Bullavd (Bo) services group, US equipment companies. Companies in the United States-run companies in China. In Japan, the machine tool industry transformation as machine modification (Retrofitting) industry. Conversion industry in the famous companies: Okuma engineering group, Kong 3 Machinery Company, Chiyoda Engineering Company, Nozaki engineering company, Hamada engineering companies, Yamamoto Engineering Company. 4.2, the content of NC Machine tools and production line NC transformation main contents of the following: One is the restoration of the original features of the machine tools, production line of the fault diagnosis and recovery; second NC, in the ordinary machine augends significant installations, or additions to NC system, transformed into NC machine tools, CNC machine tools; its Third, renovation, to improve accuracy, efficiency and the degree of automation, mechanical, electrical part of the renovation, re-assembly of mechanical parts processing, restore the original accuracy of their production requirements are not satisfied with the latest CNC system update; Fourth, the technology updates or technical innovation, to enhance performance or grades, or for the use of new technology, new technologies, based on the original technology for large-scale update or technological innovation, and more significantly raise the level, and grades of upgrading. 4.3, NC transformation of the gifted missing 4.3.1 reduce the amount of investment, shorter delivery time Compared with the purchase of new machine, the general can save 60% to 80% of the costs and transforming low-cost. Especially for large, special machine tools particularly obvious. General transformation of large-scale machine, spent only the cost of the new machine purchase 1 / 3, short delivery time. But some special circumstances, such as high-speed spindle, automatic tray switching systems and the production of the installation costs too costly and often raise the cost of 2 to 3 times compared with the purchase of new machine, only about 50 percent of savings investment. 4.3.2 stable and reliable mechanical properties, structure limitedBy the use of bed, column, and other basic items are heavy and solid casting components, rather than kind of welding components of the machine after the high-performance, quality, and can continue to use the new equipment for many years. But by the mechanical structure of the original restrictions, it is not appropriate to the transformation of a breakthrough. 4.3.3 become familiar with the equipment, ease of operation and maintenanceThe purchase of new equipment, new equipment do not know whether to meet the processing requirements. Transformation is not, can be used to calculate the machine processing capacity; In addition, since the use of many years, the operator of the machine has long been understood that in the operation, use and maintenance of the training time is short, quick. Transformation of the machine tools installed, we can achieve full load operation. 4.3.4 can take full advantage of the existing conditions Take full advantage of the existing foundation, not like buying new equipment as necessary to build a foundation. 4.3.5 can be used as control technologyAccording to the development speed of technological innovation and in a timely manner increased level of automation in production equipment and efficiency, improve the quality of equipment and grades, and the old machine will be replaced by the current level of machine. Fifth, the choice of NC System NC system are the three major types of transformation, in accordance with specific circumstances Choose. 5.1, stepper motor drive the open-loop system The servo drive system is stepper motor, stepper motor power, such as electro-hydraulic pulse motor. NC system by sending commands to the progress of pulse, the drive control and power amplifier circuit, the stepper motor rotate through the gears with ball screw drive of the implementation of parts. As long as control commands the number of pulses, frequency and electricity sequence can control the implementation of parts of the displacement movement, speed and direction of movement. Such a system does not require the test will be the actual position and velocity feedback to the input, so called open-loop system, the system accuracy of the displacement in the major decisions of the stepper motor angular displacement accuracy, transmission gear and other components of the leads crew pitch accuracy, the accuracy of the lower displacement. The system is simple, convenient debugging maintenance, reliable, low cost, easy modification success. 5.2, or asynchronous motor DC Motor Drive, grating feedback loop measurement NC system And the open-loop system is the difference between a system: from the grating, such as position sensors for simultaneous detection device measured the actual position feedback signals, at any time and to compare the value will be the difference between the two enlarge and change, driven implementing agencies , given the speed of elimination of bias towards the direction of movement, until a given position feedback and the actual location of the margin of zero. Feed the closed-loop system in the structure than to the open-loop system into the complex, high-cost, strict requirements on the environment at room temperature. Design and debugging difficult than open-loop system. However, can be compared to the open-loop system into higher accuracy, faster speed, greater power drive characteristic indicators. Under the technological requirements and decide whether or not to adopt this system. 5.3, AC / DC servo motor drive, the semi-encoder feedback loop NC system Semi-closed-loop system detection devices installed in the middle of transmission, the implementation of indirect measurement components position. It can only be part of the internal loop compensation system components of the error and, therefore, it compared the accuracy of the closed-loop system of low accuracy, but its structure and debug than simple closed-loop system. Will be in the angular displacement detection devices and speed detection devices and make a servo motor when there was no need to consider the overall position of the installation of detection devices. NC system for the current production companies more manufacturers, such as the famous German company SIEMENS, Japan FANUC companies; Everest domestic companies such as China, Beijing Aerospace CNC System Corporation, Shenyang and the central high-grade companies NC National Engineering Research Center.NC selection system is based mainly CNC machine modified to achieve the various precision, motor-driven power and user requirements. Sixth, the transformation of NC modification of the main mechanical components A new CNC machine tools in the design to achieve: a high static and dynamic stiffness of movement of the friction coefficient between small, tran
收藏