2023年考研英语二真题及答案解析

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1、2023考研英语二真题及答案解析【篇一：2023考研英语(二)真题及答案解析】ass=txtdirections：for each numbered blank in the following passage，there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. choose the best one and mark your answer on the answer sheet with a pencil. in1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. by 2023, it had 21

2、the $100 a barrel mark. the reasons for the surge 22 from the dramatic growth of the economies of china and india to widespread 23 in oil-producing regions, including iraq and nigerias delta region. triple-digit oil prices have 24 the economic and political map of the world, 25 some old notions of p

3、ower. oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities, 26 major importersincluding china and india, home to a third of the worlds population 27 rising economic and social costs.managing this new order is fast becoming a central 28 of global politics. countries that need oil are clawin

4、g at each other to 29 scarce supplies, and are willing to deal with any government, 30 how unpleasant, to do it . in many poor nations with oil , the profits are being ,lost to corruption, 31 these countries of their best hope for development. and oil is fueling enormous investment funds run by fore

5、ign governments, 32 some in the west see as a new threat. countries like russia, venezuela and iran are well supplied with rising oil 33 , a change reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. but some unexpected countries are reaping benefits, 34 costs, from higher prices. consider germany. 35 i

6、t imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade with a booming russia and the middle east. german exports to russia 36 128 percent from 2023 to 2023. in the united states, as already high gas prices rose 37 higher in the spring of 2023,the issue cropped up in the presidential

7、campaign, with senators mccain and obama 38 for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak summer driving months. and driving habits began to 39 ,as sales of small cars jumped and mass transport systems 40 the country reported a sharp increase in riders. 21. a. come b. gone c. crossed d. arrived 22.

8、a. covered b. discovered c. arranged d. ranged 23. a. intensity b. infinity c. insecurity d. instability 24. a. drawn b. redrawn c. retained d. reviewed 25. a. fighting b. struggling c. challenging d. threatening 26. a. and b. while c. thus d. though 27. a. confine b. conflict c. conform d. confront

9、 28. a. problem b. question c. matter d. event 29. a. look for b. lock up c. send out d. keep off 30. a. no matter b. what if c. only if d. in spite of 31. a. abolishing b. depriving c. destroying d. eliminating 32. a. what b. that c. which d. whom 33. a. interests b. taxes c. incomes d. revenues34.

10、 a. as many as b. as good as c. as far as d. as well as 35. a. although b. because c. since d. as 36. a. advanced b. grew c. reduces d. multiplied 37. a. even b. still c. rather d. fairly 38. a. asking b. requesting c. calling d. demanding 39. a. change b. turn c. shift d. transform 40. a. for b. fr

11、om c. across d. over part iii reading comprehension (40%) direction: there are 4 passages in this part. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a, b, c, and d. you should decide on the best choice. then blacken the correspon

12、ding letter on the answer sheet with a pencil. passage1. heic ibsen ,author of the playa dolls house, in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandons her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved. from january ist ,2023, all public companies in norway are obliged to

13、 ensure that at least 40% of their board directors are women. most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2023.but about 75 out of the 480 or so companies it affects are still too male for the governments liking. they will shortly receive a letter informing them that they have until the end

14、of february to act , or face the legal consequences-which could include being dissolved. before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in norway were female , according to the centre for corporate diversity .the number has since jumped to 36%. that is far higher than the average of 9% for b

15、ig companies across europe or americas 15% for the fortune 500.norways stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen. i am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle, says sverre munck , head of international operations at a media firm. board members

16、 of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience,be says. several firms have even given up their public status in order to escape the new law. companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. many complain that it has been difficult to find experienced

17、candidates. because of this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in norwegian business circles as the golden skirts. one reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in norwegian companies-they occupy around 15% of seni

18、or positions. it has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with a enough experience.some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and that in turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold

19、 managers to account. recent history in norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors. women feel more compelled than men to do their homework, says ms reksten skaugen , who was voted norways chairman of the year for 2023, and we can afford to ask the hard questions, becau

20、se women are not always expected to know the answers. 41. the author mentions ibsens play in the first paragraph in order to . a. depict womens dilemma at work b. explain the newly passed law c. support norwegian governmentd. introduce the topic under discussion 42. a public company that fails to ob

21、ey the new law could be forced to . a. pay a heavy fine b. close down its business c. change to a private business d. sign a document promising to act 43. to which of the following is sverre munck most likely to agree?a. a set ratio of women in a board is ueasonable. b. a reasonable quota for women

22、at work needs to be set. c. a common principle should be followed by all companies. d. an inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law. 44.the author attributes the phenomenon of golden skirts to . a. the small number of qualified females in management b. the over-recruitment of female ma

23、nagers in public companies c. the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positions d. the discrimination toward women in norwegian business circles 45. the main idea of the passage might be . a. female power and liberation in norway b. the significance of heic ibsens play c. womens status i

24、n norwegian firms d. the constitution of board members in norway 凯程教育： 凯程考研成立于2023年，国内首家全日制集训机构考研，一直从事高端全日制辅导，由李海洋专家、张鑫专家、卢营专家、王洋专家、杨武金专家、张释然专家、索玉柱专家、方浩专家等一批高级考研教研队伍组成，为学员全程高质量授课、答疑、测试、督导、报考指导、方法指导、联系导师、复试等全方位的考研服务。 凯程考研的宗旨：让学习成为一种习惯； 凯程考研的价值观标语：凯旋归来，前程万里； 信念：让每个学员都有好最佳的归宿； 使命：完善全新的教育模式，做中国最专业的考研辅导机

25、构； 激情：永不言弃，乐观向上； 敬业：以专业的态度做非凡的事业； 服务：以学员的前程为已任，为学员提供高效、专业的服务，团队合作，为学员服务，为学员引路。 如何选择考研辅导班： 在考研准备的过程中，会碰到不少困难，特别对于跨专业考生的专业课来说，通过报辅导班来填补自己复习的局限性，可以大大提高复习效率，节省复习时间，大家可以通过以下几个方面来考察辅导班，或许能帮你找到适合你的辅导班。 师资力量：师资力量是考察辅导班的首要因素，考生可以针对辅导名师的辅导年限、辅导经验、历年辅导效果、学员评价等因素进行综合评价，询问往届学长然后选择。判断师资力量关键在于综合实力，由于任何一门课程，都不是由一、两

26、个教师包到底的，是一批教师配合的结果。还要进一步了解教师的学术背景、资料著述成就、辅导成就等。凯程考研名师云集，李海洋、张鑫专家、方浩专家、卢营专家、孙浩专家等一大批名师在凯程授课。而有的机构只是很普通的老师授课，对知识点把握和命题方向，欠缺火候。 对该专业有辅导历史：必须对该专业深刻理解，才干进一步辅导学员考取该校。在考研辅导班中，历来见过如此辉煌的成绩：凯程教育拿下2023五道口金融学院状元，考取五道口15人，清华经管金融硕士10人，人大金融硕士15个，中财和贸大金融硕士合计20人，北师大教育学7人，会计硕士保录班考取30人，翻译硕士接近20人，中传状元王园璐、郑家威都是来自凯程，法学方面

27、，凯程在人大、北大、贸大、政法、武汉大学、公安大学等院校斩获多个法学和法硕状元，更多专业成绩请查看凯程网站。在凯程官方网站的光荣榜，成功学员经验谈视频特别多，都是凯程战绩的最佳证明。对于如此高的成绩，凯程集训营班主任邢老师说，凯程如此优异的成绩，是与我们凯程严格的管理，全方位的辅导是分不开的，很多学生本科都不是名校，某些学生来自二本三本甚至不知名的院校，尚有很多是工作了数年才回来考的，大多数是跨专业考研，他们的难度大，竞争剧烈，没有严格的训练和同学们的刻苦学习，是很难达成优异的成绩。最佳的办法是直接和凯程老师具体沟通一下就清楚了。 建校历史：机构成立的历史也是一个参考因素，历史越久，积累的人脉

28、资源更多。例如，凯程教育已经成立2023（2023年），一直以来专注于考研，成功率一直遥遥领先，同学们有爱好可以联系一下他们在线老师或者电话。 有没有实体学校校区：有些机构比较小，就是一个在写字楼里上课，自习，这种环境是不太好的，一个优秀的机构必须是在教学环境，大学校园这样环境。凯程有自己的学习校区，有吃住学一体化教学环境，独立卫浴、空调、暖气齐全，这也是一个考研机构实力的体现。此外，最佳还要看一下他们的营业执照。【篇二：2023年考研英语真题及解析】t2023年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试 英语试题 section iuse of english directions: read the fo

29、llowing text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on answer sheet 1. (10 points) research on animal intelligence always makes us wonder just how smart humans are.the fruit-fly experiments described in carl zimmer in the science times. fruit flies who were taught to

30、be smarter than the average fruit fly to live shorter lives. this suggests thatin not being too bright. intelligence, it _5 , is a high-priced option. it takes more upkeep, burns more fuel and is slow the starting line because it depends on learning _ process instead of instinct. plenty of other spe

31、cies are able to learn, and one of the things theyve apparently learned is when to _8 . intelligence? thats the question behind this new research. instead of casting a wistful glance _10 at all the species weve left in the dust i.q.-wise, it implicitly asks what the real of our own intelligence migh

32、t be. this is the mind of every animal weve ever met. research on animal intelligence also makes us wonder what experiments animals would humans if they had the chance. every cat with an owner, is running a small-scale study in operant conditioning. we believe that _15animals ran the labs, they woul

33、d test us to _16the limits of our patience, our faithfulness, our memory for locations. there is. _18 , they would hope to study a(n) 19question: are humans actually aware of the the results are inconclusive. 1. a suppose b consider c observe d imagine 2. a tendedb feared c happened d threatened 3.

34、a thinnerb stabler c lighter d dimmer 4. a tendency b advantage c inclinationd priority 5. a insists on b sums upc turns out d puts forward 6. a offb behind c over d along 7. a incredibleb spontaneous cinevitable d gradual 8. a fight b doubtc stop d think 9. a invisible b limited c indefinited diffe

35、rent 10. a upwardb forward c afterward d backward11. a featuresb influences c results d costs 12. a outsideb onc byd across 13. a deliverb carry c perform d apply 14. a by chanceb in contrast c as usual d for instance 15. a if b unless c as d lest 16. a moderate b overcome c determine d reach 17. a

36、at b forc afterd with 18. a above all b after all c however d otherwise 19. a fundamental b comprehensivec equivalent d hostile 20. a by accident b in timec so far d better still section ii reading comprehension part a directions: read the following four texts. answer the questions below each text b

37、y choosing a, b, c or d. mark your answers on answer sheet 1. (40 points) text 1 habits are a funny thing. we reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. not choice, but habit rules the ueflecting herd, william wordsworth

38、 said in the 19th century. in the ever-changing 21st century, even the word habit carries a negative implication. so it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. but brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we creat

39、e parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. in fact, the more new things we try th

40、e more we step outside our comfort zone the more inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our own personal lives. but dont bother trying to kill off old habits; once thosebrain, theyre there to stay. instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel path

41、ways that can bypass those old roads. the first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder, says dawna markova, author of the open mind. but we are taught instead to ?decide, just as our president calls himself ?the decider. she adds, however, that to decide is to kill off all possibil

42、ities but one. a good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities. all of us work through problems in ways of which were unaware, she says. researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytica

43、lly, procedurally, relationally (or collaboratively) and innovatively. at the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.the current emphasis on standardized test

44、ing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought. this breaks the major rule in the american belief system that anyone can do anything, explains m. j. ryan, author of the 2023 book this year i will. and ms. markovas busine

45、ss partner. thats a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. knowing what youre good at and doing even more of it creates excellence. this is where developing new habits comes in. 21. in wordsworths view, habits is characterized by being a casual.b familiar. c mechanical. d changeabl

46、e. 22. brain researchers have discovered that the formation of habits can be a predicted.b regulated. c traced.d guided. 23. the word ruts (line 1, paragraph 4) is closest in meaning to a tracks.b series. c characteristics. d connections. 24. dawna markova would most probably agree that a ideas are

47、born of a relaxing mind. b innovativeness could be taught. c decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas. d curiosity activates creative minds. 25. ryans comments suggest that the practice of standardized testing a prevents new habits from being formed. b no longer emphasizes commonness. c maintains t

48、he inherent american thinking model. d complies with the american belief system. text 2 it is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal (fatherly) wisdom or at least confirm that hes the kids dad. all he needs to do is shell out $30 for paternity testing kit (ptk

49、) at his local drugstore and another $120 to get the results. more than 60,000 people have purchased the ptks since they first become available without prescriptions last year, according to doug fogg, chief operating officer of identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. more than two dozen c

50、ompanies sell dna tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred dollars to more than $2500. among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing, which adopted children can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up for adoption. dna te

51、sting is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists - and supports businesses that offer to search for a familys geographic roots . most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and sending it to the company for testing. all tests require a potential candidate with whom

52、 to compare dna. but some observers are skeptical, there is a kind of false precision being hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing, says troy duster, a new york university sociologist. he notes that each individual has many ancestors - numbering in the hundreds just a few centurie

53、s back. yet most ancestry testing only considers a single lineage, either the y chromosome inherited through men in a fathers line or mitochondrial dna, which is passed down only frommothers. this dna can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though, for example, just thre

54、e generations back people also have six other great-grandparents or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents. critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference collections to which a sample is compared. databases used by some companies dont rely on

55、data collected systematically but rather lump together information from different research projects. this means that a dna database may differ depending on the company that processes the results. in addition, the computer programs a company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subj

56、ect to peer review or outside evaluation. 26. in paragraphs 1 and 2, the text shows ptks a easy availability. b flexibility in pricing. c successful promotion. d popularity with households. 27. ptk is used to a locate ones birth place. b promote genetic research. c identify parent-child kinship. d c

57、hoose children for adoption. 28. skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to a trace distant ancestors. b rebuild reliable bloodlines. c fully use genetic information. d achieve the claimed accuracy. 29. in the last paragraph, a problem commercial genetic testing faces is a disorganiz

58、ed data collection. b overlapping database building. c excessive sample comparison. d lack of patent evaluation. 30. an appropriate title for the text is most likely to be a fors and againsts of dna testing. b dna testing and its problems. c dna testing outside the lab. d lies behind dna testing. te

59、xt 3 the relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conv

60、entional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. we are fortunate that it is, because building new educational systems there and putting enough people through them toimprove economic performance would requi

61、re two or three generations. the findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living. ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in

62、the united states. not long ago, with the country entering a recession and japan at its pre-bubble peak, the u.s. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor u.s. economic performance. japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivit

63、y. yet the research revealed that the u.s. factories of honda, nissan, and toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their japanese counterparts as a result of the training that u.s. workers received on the job. more recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers disco

64、vered that illiterate, non-english-speaking mexican workers in houston, texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industrys work.what is the real relationship between education and economic development? we have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments dont force it. after all,