情态动词-教师版

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1、中考复习情态动词 G 内容导航： 一、情态动词的定义和特点； 二、情态动词的用法； 三、情态动词的语法特征。考点透视1. I promised to get there before 5 oclock, but now the rain is pouring down. They _ for me impatiently.A. may waitB. ought to waitC. could waitD. must be waiting2. He was very brave. Even though shed hurt her leg, she _ go back alone.A. coul

2、dB. mightC. have toD. was able to3. You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.A. cannotB. shouldC. must D. neednt4. Ive tried several times, but the car just _.A. doesnt startB. wouldnt startC. wont startD. didnt start5. Always the old lady _ sit for hours doing nothi

3、ng at all.A. was used toB. wouldC. used toD. should6. There used to be a small school,_?A. was thereB. wasnt itC. usednt thereD. usednt it7. Our house is on the top of the hill, so in summer the wind _ be pretty cold. A. mustB. canC. ought toD. need8. Havent I told you that you _ have the answer tom

4、orrow morning? A. willB. shallC. shouldD. would9. Im surprised that he _ in the match.A. should failB. should have failedC. would have failedD. may have failed10. Better go to see my sick colleague right now, _I? A. hadnt B. didntC. dontD. wont【答案解析】1D。must表示推测。根据句意：他们一定正在等我们。所以用must be waiting。2D。由

5、even though可知该题意为：她很勇敢，尽管她腿受了伤，她仍然设法独自回家了。而be able to= manage to，有克服困难设法成功之意。3A。cannot / can not / never too/ enough是一固定搭配，表示“越越好”、“再也不过分”。4C。考查情态动词will的用法。will表示意志、意愿和决心。5B。used to和would都有“过去常常”之意，但used to有今昔对比之意，现在再也不这样了。而would无此用法。6C。解此题的关键：一、掌握反意疑问句的基本构成，即“前肯后否，前否后肯”。二、了解used to构成的反意疑问句有两种 （didn

6、t和usednt或usent）。三、知道there构成的反意疑问句可由there直接构成，而不用it，所以选择C。7B。can作为情态动词，它有一特殊用法，即：表示“有时会”= is sometimes等一般情况。句意为：我们家住山顶，所以有时夏天风会很大。8B。shall用于第一、三人称疑问句时表示征求对方意见或指示。二、三人称表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。9B。should意为“竟然”。should have done意为“竟然做了某事”。句意：我很惊讶，他竟然比赛输了。10A。had better是一特殊情态动词，它可以写成better，但无论是had better，还是bette

7、r，其反意疑问句均由had引导。此外，还遵循“前肯后否”的原则。故选A。综合解读教案内容教学过程设计Step1考点知识梳理 清单一、情态动词的定义情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。如：We can be there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。May I have your name?我能知道你的名字吗？Shall we begin now?我们现在就开始吗？You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规。情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有：can(cou

8、ld),may(might),must,need,ought to,dare(dared),shall(should),will(would)。清单二、情态动词的位置情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前,谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中,情态动词则在主语之前。如：I can see you.Come here.我能看见你，过来吧。He must have been away.他一定走了。What can I do for you?你要什么？How dare you treat us like that！你怎能那样对待我们！清单三、情态动词的特点情态动词无人称和数的变化,情态动词后面跟的

9、动词需用原形,否定构成是在情态动词后面加“not”。个别情态动词有现在和过去两种形,过去用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过去，现在或将来。He who multiplies riches multiplies cares.财富增长，忧虑增加。He could be here soon.他很快就来。We cant carry the heavy box.我们搬不动那箱子。Im sorry I cant help you.对不起，我帮不上你。清单四、情态动词的用法(一)can(could)表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及客观条件许可,could为can的过去。如：Can you

10、 pass me the books?你能给我递一下书吗?Could you help me,please?请问,你能帮助我吗?What can you do?你能干点什么呢?Can you be sure?你有把握吗?can 和could只能用于现在和过去两种时态,将来时态用be able to来表示。He could help us at all.他完全可以帮助我们。With the teachers help,I shall be able to speak English correctly.由于老师的帮助,我将能准确地讲英语。(二)may(might)可以,表示说话人同意,许可或请求

11、对方许可。You may take the book home.你可以把书带回家去.May I come in?我可以进来吗?May I use your dictionary?我可以用你的词典吗?You may put on more clothes.你可以多穿点衣服。He said he might lend us some money.他说他可以借给我们一些钱。may否定为 may not,缩写形是maynt.might是may的过去,有两种用法,一种表示过去，一种表示虚拟语气,使语气更加委婉,客气或对可能性的怀疑。He told me he might be here on time.

12、他说他能按时间来。Might I borrow some money now.现在我可以借点钱吗?He might be alive.他可能还活着。(三)must必须,应该,一定,准是,表示说话人认为有必要做某事,命令,要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。must用来指一般现在时和一般将来时,过去可用have to的过去代替。I must finish my work today.我今天必须完成我的工作。You mustnt work all the time.你不能老是工作。Must I return the book tomorrow?我必须明天还书吗?After such a long wa

13、lk,you must be tired.走了这么长的路,你一定累了。He must be the man I am looking for.他一定是我要找的人。He had to go because of somebodys calling him that day.那天他要走是因为有人叫他。must+have+过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测。He must have told my parents about it.他一定把这件事情告诉我父母亲了。He must have received my letter now.他现在一定收到我的信了。Its six oclock alread

14、y,we must have been late again.已经六点钟了，我们一定又迟到了。must和have to的区别:must表示说话人的主观思想,have to表示客观需要。You must do it now.你必须现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干)I have to go now.我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走)(四)need需要，多用在否定或疑问句中。Need I attend the meeting tomorrow?我需要明天参加会议吗?You need not hand in the paper this week.这一周你不必交论文。need是一个情态动词,他的用法完全

15、和其他情态动词一样,但 need 还可当作实义动词使用,这时need就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数,后面加带to的动词等特性。I need a bike to go to school.我上学需要一辆自行车。Do you need a dictionary?你需要词典吗?She needs a necklace.她需要一条项链。neednt+have+过去分词表示过去做了没必要做的事情。You neednt have taken it seriously.这件事情你不必太认真。dare敢多用在否定或疑问句中。The little girl dare not speak in public

16、.小女孩不敢在公众面前说话。Dare you catch the little cat?你敢抓小猫吗? (五)will,would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用would比will更婉转,客气。如：Its hot.Will you open the windows?天气太热了,你能打开窗户吗?Will you help me to work it out?你能帮我解这道题吗?Would you like some coffee?给你来点咖啡怎样？(六)shall,should 表示命令,警告,允诺,征求,劝告,建议惊奇。You should hand in the exercis

17、e book.你应该交作业本儿了。This should be no problem.这应该没问题。Shall we go now.我们现在可以走了吗?Why should I meet him?为什么我要见他?(七)have to 不得不,必须,表示客观条件只能如此,而must则表示主观思想必须。I have to go now.我现在得走了。I have to cook for my child.我得给孩子做饭。You must be here on time next time.你下次一定要按时来。We must go to get the timetable ourselves.我们一

18、定要自己去拿时刻表。一、准备部分本讲义说明：本章节是中考的重要考点，是语法中一大英语学习主题。学本章内容需注意情态动词的用法以及与其他动词的区别命题趋势：中考单选中会涉及一道情态动词的题。多以多以表推测的题目出现。题目不难，只需读懂题意，知道所给情态动词的用法，即能选对。完型或阅读中出现的情态动词相比单选难度加大，多以推断的复杂形式，如情态动词+have done等出现。能力解读： 1、了解情态动词的概念；2、熟练掌握情态动词的特点以及用法。二、实际课堂1、寒暄。正式上课前和学生沟通一下最近的学习情况和考试情况（多学科）及最近生活状态等关心学生的问题。1-3m2、复习和检查。把上次课教案拿出来

19、，让学生看2-4m教案并同时检查作业是否完成。3、引入本课内容。首先举几个带有情态动词的简单的句子，告诉学生句子中表示推断的，表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词，叫做情态动词，讲解情态动词可根据学生的接受程度由浅入深，从情态动词的定义以及位置，深入到各个情态动词的用法。Step2重点难点解析难点一、比较can和be able to1.can could表示能力；可能(过去时用could),只用于现在和过去(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。They will be able to tell you the news soon.他很快就能告诉你消息了。2.只用be able t

20、o(1)位于助动词后。(2)情态动词后。(3)表示过去某时刻动作时。(4)用于句首表示条件。(5)表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to，不能用could。He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.=He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.注意：could不表示时态(1)提出委婉的请求，(注意在回答中不可用could)。Could I have the television on?Yes,you can./No,you cant.(2)在否定，疑问句

21、中表示推测或怀疑。He couldnt be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人。难点二、比较may和might1.表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may放在句首，表示祝愿。May God bless you!He might be at home.注意:might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。2.成语：may/might as well，后面接不带to的不定，意为“不妨”。If that is the case,we may as well try.典型例题Peter come with us tonight,but he isnt very sure yet.A.

22、mustB.mayC.canD.willKey:B.表可能性只能用may,此句意可从后半句推出。难点三、比较have to和must1.两词都是“必须”的意思，have to表示客观的需要，must表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)2.have to有人称、数、时

23、态的变化，而must只有一种形。但must可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。He had to look after his sister yesterday.3.在否定结构中：dont have to表示“不必”mustnt表示“禁止”。You dont have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。You mustnt tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。难点四. must表示推测1.must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定”。2.must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must后面通常接系动词be的原形或行为

24、动词的进行。You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)He must be working in his office.他一定在办公室工作呢。比较:He must be staying there.他现在肯定待在那里。He must stay there.他必须待在那。3.must表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must要接完成。I didnt hear the phone.I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。4.must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的

25、推测，must后面要接不定的完成进行。Why didnt you answer my phone call?Well,I must have been sleeping,so I didnt hear it.5.否定推测用cant。If Tom didnt leave here until five oclock,he cant be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。难点五、. 表示推测的用法can,could,may,might,must皆可表示推测，其用法如下：1.情态动词+动词原形。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。I dont know

26、where she is,she may be in Wuhan.2.情态动词+动词现在进行时。表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。At this moment,our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。3.情态动词+动词完成时。表示对过去情况的推测。We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。The road is wet.It must have rained last night.地是

27、湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。4.情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。5.推测的否定形，疑问形用cant,couldnt表示。Mike cant have found his car,for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。注意：could,might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can,may。难点六、. 情态动词+have+过去分词1.may(might)

28、have+done sth.,can(could) have+done sth.表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。Philip may(might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.Philip can(could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.2.must have+done sth.，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有“肯定”，“想必”的意思。Linda has gone to work,but her bicycle is still here.Sh

29、e must have gone by bus.3.ought to have done sth.,should have done sth.本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。You ought to(should) have been more careful in this experiment.He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。)ought to在语气上比should要强。4.neednt have done sth.本没必要做某事I dressed very warmly fo

30、r the trip,but I neednt have done so.The weather was hot.5.would like to have done sth.本打算做某事I would like to have read the article,but I was very busy then.难点七：had better表示“最好”had better相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形，它后面要跟动词原形。had better do sth. had better not do sth.It is pretty cold.Youd better put on my coat.Sh

31、ed better not play with the dog.had better have done sth.表示与事实相反的结果，意为“本来最好”。You had better have come earlier.难点八：would rather表示“宁愿”would rather do would rather not do would rather.than.宁愿而不愿；还有would sooner,had rather,had sooner都表示“宁愿”、“宁可”的意思。If I have a choice,I had sooner not continue my studies

32、at this school.I would rather stay here than go home.=I would stay here rather than go home.典型例题Shall we go skating or stay at home?Which do?A.do you ratherB.would you ratherC.will you ratherD.should you ratherKey:B.本题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather+do sth.意为“宁愿”，本题为疑问句，would提前，所以选B。难点九:will和would注意:1.

33、would like would like to do=want to想要，为固定搭配。Would you like to go with me?2.Will you.?Would you like.?表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some,而不是any。Would you like some cake?3.否定结构中用will，一般不用would,wont you是一种委婉语气。Wont you sit down?难点十：带to的情态动词带to的情态动词有四个：ought to,have to,used to,be to,如加上have got to(=must),be able

34、to为六个。它们的疑问、否定形应予以注意：Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month?She didnt use to play tennis before she was fourteen.You ought not to have told her all about it.Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.ought to本身作为情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问、否定时，须有do等助动词协助。典型例题Tom ought not to me your

35、secret,but he meant no harm.A.have toldB.tellC.be tellingD.having toldKey：A.由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前，因此应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词ought to后，所以用have。 每讲中的重点难点，这是考试的精华，老师必须每次上课时进行讲解和梳理，还要进行一定的扩展。一般这个版块放30m左右的时间。Step3随堂能力巩固一、单项选择1. Sir, you _ be hunting deer here, for they are preserved by the government. A. oughtnt

36、 toB. cantC. wontD. neednt2. Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. shouldC. can D. will3. There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. It _ a comfortable journey. A. cant B. shouldnt beC. must have been D. coul

37、dnt have been4. To be on the safe side, we should fill up the tank now, because we _ run out of gas on the way.A. can B. wouldC. might D. should5. _ three people who travel together, there _ be at least one who _ be my teacher.A. Between; can; willB. In; should; could C. Among; will; mayD. Of; must;

38、 can6. Could you lend me that book you _ me about when I telephoned you? No, I am sorry, I cant. I gave it to a friend.A. were telling B. would tellC. had told D. had been telling7. We need a person badly to think up such an idea. _ the new comer have a try? A. Shall B. MayC. Should D. Need8. We _ s

39、o tired. Weve only been to a party.A. mustnt have feltB. wouldnt have feltC. shouldnt have feltD. couldnt have felt9. Professor Smith, many students want to see you. _ they wait here or outside? A. Do B. ShallC. Will D. Would10. How about paying a visit to Mr. Richardson, our former history teacher?

40、 Good idea. I will e-mail him today so he _know _ to expect us. A. shall; why B. may; whenC. would; why D. will; how11. I went to work on foot yesterday, though it _ cats and dogs. You _ by bus. It was likely to get a cold. A. is raining; must have goneB. rained; would go C. was mining; should have

41、goneD. have rained; could have gone12. You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.A. cannotB. shouldC. mustD. neednt13. I told Sally to fix him up with this job, but perhaps I _ it out for her. A. had to write B. must have written C. should have writtenD. ought to writ

42、e14. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture. A. couldnt have attendedB. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attendedD. shouldnt have attended15. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _ during the day. A. shou

43、ld have doneB. would have doneC. may have doneD. must have done16. Is there any flight to Tokyo today? I think there _, for the weather is too bad. A. mustnt beB. mightnt beC. neednt beD. cant be17. Im told that John had another car accident this morning. I believe not. He _ so careless. A. shouldnt

44、 have beenB. wouldnt have beenC. couldnt have beenD. mustnt have been18. It was playing computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he _ doing his lessons. A. might have spentB. ought to have spentC. must have spentD. could have spent19. I didnt know you were good friends. You _. I have know

45、n her since she moved here. You were studying abroad then.A. may have B. neednt haveC. couldnt have D. must have20. They must have finished the work by the end of last month, _?A. mustnt they B. havent theyC. hadnt they D. didnt they解析：1A。此题考查情态动词ought to的特殊用法。它有表示“道德法律上的必须”之意。此句意为：“先生，您不能在这捕鹿，它们是国家

46、保护动物”。cant虽有“不能、不准”之意，但它不表示“法律上的不准，道义上的不能”之意，所以排除B。oughtnt to相当于shouldnt，但前者语气更为强烈。wont表示“不愿、不能”，故排除。neednt表“不必”，不符合题意。因此排除D。2A。can不能用于肯定句中表示推测；will表将来或意愿；should have done意为“本应该却未”。句子表达的是一种对过去的猜测，但可能性不大。3D。因对话是对过去事情的推测，所以不能选择A和B。从上句意义可知：已坐了5个人的小车里再挤一个人一定不是舒服的旅行。答案为D。4C。表示对未来可能出现的一种事实的推测，但不是很肯定。5D。谚语

47、：“三人行，必有我师”。6A。本句意为“你能把那本我给你打电话时你提到的那本书借给我吗?”，用过去进行时表示对过去情节，场面的描述。7A。shall用于第一、第三人称表示请求允许，“让这个新来者试试好吗?”8C。“我们本不该觉得这么累，我们只是参加了个聚会嘛”。have been to是已发生的事实，“本不该”也是已经存在的状况。shouldnt have felt是对已存在的情况的虚拟。shouldnt“(照常理)本不应该”。9B。shall用于第三人称表示征求许可。10B。第一句表示要“拜访Mr Richardson”；第二个人因此说我给他发个电子邮件“so (that) he may k

48、now”以便于他可以知道“什么时候接我们(期待我们到达)”故选B。11C。说话人在主句中使用了过去时态，因此，用来修饰从句的让步状语从句就必定是过去时态，这样，就排除了A、D项。should have done表示的是责备对方应该做某事而没有做，上句已经说明是走路而不是乘车，这样，就把可would go排除了。12A。cannot / can not / never too / enough是一固定搭配，表示“越越好”、“再也不过分”。13C。should have done意为“本该干某事”。must have done 意为“准是做了”，不合题意。14A。couldnt have done

49、表示对过去情况的推测，“过去不大可能发生某事”。B项表示本不必做某事而实际上却已做了。C项形式错。D项含有责备批评意味，用于肯定句表示在某时间之前应该完成的事而没完成，用于否定句表示本不该做的事却做了。15C。根据句意：研究结果表明我们每天都会有2小时在做梦，不管我们白天做了什么。空格处应是表示对白天所做的事情的不肯定的推测。故选C。16D。对现在所发生的事情的否定推测。17C。对过去发生的事情的否定推测。句意：有人告诉我John今天上午又出车祸了。我不相信。他不可能那么粗心的。couldnt have done意为“不可能做了”。18B。句意：就是玩电脑游戏浪费了这个小男孩很多时间，其实他本

50、应当把时间化在学业上的。ought to have done含有责备批评之意。故答案为B。19C。根据此对话的语境，此空应是“你不可能知道，你当时正在国外读书呢”。you couldnt have是you couldnt have known we were friends的简略形式。该句式表示对过去有把握的否定推测。A项表示“也许知道”；B项表示 “没必要知道”；D项表示“一定知道”。均不合题意。20C。前句是must have +过去分词时，若前句强调对过去情况的推测（一般都有过去时间状语），疑问部分的谓语动词用didnt + 主语；若前句强调动作的完成，疑问部分的谓语动词用havent/

51、 hasnt +主语。根据题意，by the end of last month（到上月底为止），表示动作的完成。学生做题时老师一定要在旁边看着，如果发现学生做题比较困难就可以进行相关的一些小提示，开始前三个主要是由老师指导去做，后面的可以分成五个一组进行练习。Step4综合能力创新一、单项选择1. You _ all those clothes. We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing.A. neednt have washed B. shouldnt have washedC. must not have washed D. c

52、an not have washed2. John _ his father about his failure in the exam.A. dares not tell B. dares not tellingC. dare not tellD. dares not to tell3. Toms score on the test is the highest in the class; he _ last night.A. should study B. should have studiedC. must have studiedD. must have to study4. This

53、 pen looks like mine, yet it isnt. Whose _ it be?A. must B. canC. mayD. might5. Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They _ from South America on rafts.A. must have sailed B. can sailC. might have sailedD. should have sailed6. He must have finished his homework, _ he?A. mustnt B. did

54、ntC. neednt D. hasnt7. Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he _ Tom to go with him.A. might have asked B. should askedC. must have askedD. should have asked8. As a soldier, you _ do as the head tells you.A. will B. shallC. may D. ought9. You should bear in mind that he

55、 is not as strong as he _.A. was used to be B. used to beC. was used to D. use to10. Since it is already midnight, we _.A. had better leaving B. ought to have leftC. must have leftD. might as well leave11. Mary _ my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.A. should have received B. has r

56、eceivedC. couldnt have receivedD. ought to have received12. In case I _, I would try again.A. will fail B. would missC. should fail D. shall miss13. What _ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?A. will you suppose B. you supposeC. do you suppose D. you would suppose14. You must be a wr

57、iter, _?A. mustnt you B. are youC. must you D. arent you15. Two eyes _ see more than one.A. can B. mayC. willD. should16. Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _ during the day.A. should have done B. would have doneC. may have done D.must have done17. _ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes.A. Would B. WillC. May D. Should18. Has it been warn