英语被动语态的用法.ppt

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1、,A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的 _。,B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的 _。,We planted the tree.,The tree was planted by us.,执行者,承受者,不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者 是谁。 e.g. Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。 This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。,(不知道电脑是谁偷的),(2) 强调动作的承受者, 而不强调动作的执行者。 e.g. The window was broken by Mike. 窗户

2、是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。,1.People use a knife for cutting things. A knife _ _ for cutting things. 2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month. The windows of their classroom _ _ twice a month.,is used,are,cleaned,3.Chinese athletes won many gold medals.,Ma

3、ny gold medals _ by Chinese athletes.,were won,We speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,English is spoken by us.,主语,谓语,宾语,They cleaned the classroom yesterday.,The classroom was cleaned by them yesterday.,将来，城市会建造新医院 In the future, a new hospital will be built in our city. 明年几千棵树会被种在小山上。 Thousands of trees will b

4、e planted on the hill next year.,They will finish the work soon.,The work will be finished (by them) soon.,My father will not punish me for my mistake.,I will / shall not be punished by my father for my mistake.,1. Wont water be turned into ice when it is below freezing? 2. -Will the work be finishe

5、d at once? -Yes, it will.,When will these books be published? Whom will this book be written by?,Nobody _ (allow) to enter the stadium without a ticket. 2. Children _ (not allow) to make a noise and upset the competitors. If they do, they _ (take away) from the stadium.,Rules for the audience,will b

6、e allowed,wont be allowed,will be taken away,3. No animals _ (allow) in the stadium. 4. Cheating by athletes _ _ (not excuse). They _ (tell) to leave and _ (punish). 5. No smoking _ (allow), if you are discovered, you _ (fine).,will be allowed,will not be,will be told,excused,will be punished,will b

7、e allowed,will be fined,1. The work _ soon. A. will be finished B. has been finished C. will finish D. finishes 2. I _ if I finish the work within one day. shall be praisedB. would praise C. will praise D. praise,3. These films _ until tomorrow morning. cant develop B. arent developing C. wont be de

8、velopedD. wont develop 4. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose,5 . A party is going to _ tonight. Would you like to go with me? Id like to, but I have to look after my sick mother. A. organize B. have been organized C. be organizing D. be organiz

9、ed,6. Stamps _ by people for sending letters. A. use B. using C. used D. are used,The Present Perfect Passive Voice 现 在 完 成 时 的 被 动 语 态,Look at the following sentence,pay attention to the underlined part. Example:Over time I have been changed a lot. Can you find out more than two sentences in the pr

10、esent perfect passive voice from the reading passage?,I never forget anything I have been told. I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s. I have been even put into space rockets.,1. 现在完成时被动语态肯定句句型： 主语+ have/has been +过去分词 Her motorbike has been stolen. 2. 现在完成时被动语态否定句句型： 主语+ have/has +n

11、ot+ been+过去分词 The task has not been finished yet. Many workers have not been trained in the company.,.句型：,3. 现在完成时被动语态一般疑问句句型： Have/Has +主语 + been+ 过去分词 .? Has a new computer been bought ? Have they been sent abroad to study English? 4. 现在完成时被动语态特殊疑问句句型： 疑问词+ have/has + 主语+ been+过去分词 .? Where has th

12、e car been repaired? Who have been helped by the new computer? How many buildings have been built in this school?,3. 现在完成时被动语态一般疑问句句型： Have/Has +主语 + been+ 过去分词 .? Has a new computer been bought ? Have they been sent abroad to study English? 4. 现在完成时被动语态特殊疑问句句型： 疑问词+ have/has + 主语+ been+过去分词 .? Wher

13、e has the car been repaired? Who have been helped by the new computer? How many buildings have been built in this school?,The buildings, destroy, earthquake,The buildings have been destroyed in the earthquake.,Making up sentences using present perfect passive voice:,【即学即练】,1.,machine,replace,compute

14、r,The machine has been replaced by the computer.,2.,new bridge, build, in our city,A new bridge has been built in our city.,3.,Many trees have been planted along the road.,many trees , plant, along the road,4.,1. 表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前,强调对现在造成的影响和结果。 The door has been locked. 2. 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可

15、能持续下去,常与for 或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于How long.?句型中。,. 用法:,EXAMPLE 1.The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks. 2.How long has the machine been used?,现在完成时的标志: recently /already/yet/ for+一段时间 / since+时间点,【点津】,注意,1. 只有及物动词才有被动语态,不及物动词(词组)没有 被动语态。 例如: happen, take place, die, appear, disa

16、ppear, fail, remain, lie, last, sit, stand, break out, come true, belong to等。 What has happened to your brother?,2. 但许多不及物动词加介词或副词构成的动词短 语，相当于及物 动词，也可以有被动语态。但动 词短语是一个不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时, 不可丢掉构成短语的介词或副词。 The child has been taken good care of by his grandma all these years. A notice has been put up on the

17、 wall.,3. 一些特殊动词, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被 动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达 相应的意思, 则需改换动词或时态。 My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. How long has this book been bought? ( ) How long ago was this book bought? ( ),用被动语态改写下列句子。 They have

18、 opened three training centers in this city by now. 2. We have built a new library and a gymnasium in our school this year.,A new library and a gymnasium have been built in our school this year (by us).,Three training centers have been opened in this city (by them) by now.,3. They have made a plan t

19、o help the poor children in the poor area. 4. The government has spent a lot of money on the Hope Project.,A plan has been made by them to help the poor children in the poor area. A lot of money has been spent on the Hope Project by the government.,改错,1. A personal computer has bought by us. A perso

20、nal computer has been bought by us. 2. Many problems has been found with our new computer. Many problems have been found with our new computer.,3. A PC has been builded the way we wanted. A PC has been built the way we wanted. 4. Our computer just has been joined to the Internet. Our computer has just been joined to the Internet.,5. The computer was used every day since we bought it. The computer has been used every day since we bought it. 6. A lot of e-mails had written on the computer in the past 5 years. A lot of e-mails have been written on the computer in the past 5 years.,