对外汉语教案-春节.ppt

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1、春节,春 节Spring Festival（Chinese New Year）,春节是中华民族最为隆重的一个传统节日，有着悠久的历史和渊源。它标志农历旧的一年结束，新的一年开始。在春节，人们守岁拜年，告别寒冷单调的冬季，迎接生机盎然的春天。,The Special Meaning For Chinese,Far and away the most important holiday in China is Spring Festival .Its also a symbol of unity ,prosperity 。Chinese consider spring festivalas the

2、 end of the past year in Chinese rular and new hope for the future sustenance。,春 节Spring Festival（Chinese New Year）,春 节The Spring Festival 农 历lunar calendar 正 月lunar January; the first month by lunar calendar 除 夕New Years Eve; eve of lunar New Year 初 一the beginning of New Year 元宵节The Lantern Festiva

3、l,春 节Spring Festival（Chinese New Year）,过 年Guo-nian; have the Spring Festival 对 联poetic couplet: two successive rhyming lines in poetry春 联Spring Festival couplets剪 纸paper-cuts年 画New Year paintings买年货special purchases for the Spring Festival ;do Spring ; Festival shopping,春 节Spring Festival（Chinese Ne

4、w Year）,敬 酒propose a toast 灯 笼lantern: a portable light 烟 花fireworks 爆 竹 firecrackers (People scare off evil spirits and ghosts with the loud pop.) 红 包red packets (cash wrapped up in red paper, symbolize fortune and wealth in the coming year.),春 节Spring Festival（Chinese New Year）,守 岁staying-up 拜 年pa

5、y New Years call; give New Years greetings; New Years visit 禁 忌taboo 去晦气get rid of the ill-fortune 祭祖宗offer sacrifices to ones ancestors,春 节Spring Festival（Chinese New Year）,压岁钱gift money; money given to children as a lunar New Year gift (Culture Note: In the old days, New Years money was given in t

6、he form of one hundred copper coins strung together on a red string and symbolized the hope that one would live to be a hundred years old. Today, money is placed inside red envelopes in denominations considered auspicious and given to represent luck and wealth) 辞旧岁bid farewell to the old year 扫 房spr

7、ing cleaning; general house-cleaning,春 节Spring Festival（Chinese New Year）,年 糕Nian gao; rice cake; New Year cake 团圆饭family reunion dinner 年夜饭the dinner on New Years Eve 饺 子Jiao zi; Chinese meat ravioli 汤 圆Tang yuan; dumplings made of sweet rice, rolled into balls and stuffed with either sweet or spic

8、y fillings 八宝饭eight treasures rice pudding 糖果盘candy tray,春 节Spring Festival（Chinese New Year）,舞 狮lion dance (The lion is believed to be able to dispel evil and bring good luck.)舞 龙dragon dance (to expect good weather and good harvests) 戏 曲traditional opera 杂 耍variety show; vaudeville灯 谜riddles writt

9、en on lanterns,The origin of the Lunar New Year,The origin of the Lunar New Year Festival can be traced back thousands of years, involving a series of colorful legends and traditions. One of the most famous legends is Nian, an extremely cruel beast that the ancients believed would devour people on N

10、ew Years Eve. To keep Nian away, red-paper couplets are pasted on doors, torches are lit, and firecrackers are set off throughout the night, because Nian is said to fear the color red, the light of fire, and loud noises.,The custom of the Lunar New Year,Temper fair and CCTV new years gala(逛庙会和春晚),扫

11、尘so chn,“二十五扫尘土”。迎新首先要除旧。扫尘就是年终大扫除，北方称“扫房”，南方叫“掸尘”。在春节前扫尘，是我国民间素有的传统习俗。扫尘之日，全家上下一齐动手，用心打扫房屋、庭院，擦洗锅碗、拆洗被褥，干干净净迎接新年。其实，人们借助“尘”与“陈”的谐音表达除陈、除旧的意愿。,扫尘 Sweeping the Dust,“Dust” is homophonic with “chen”（尘）in Chinese, which means old and past. In this way, “sweeping the dust” before the Spring Festival mea

12、ns a thorough cleaning of houses to sweep away bad luck in the past year. “Dust”与“尘”是谐音（尘在汉语中的意思是旧的和过去的）。这样，“在春节前扫尘”是指彻底清洁房屋扫除过去一年的厄运。,This custom shows a good wish of putting away old things to welcome a new life. In a word, just before the Spring Festival comes, every household will give a thoroug

13、h cleaning to bid farewell to the old year and usher in the new. 此习俗表达了收拾旧事物，欢迎新生活的美好愿望。总之，就在春节到来之前，为了告别旧年迎接新年，家家户户都会彻底打扫一下房屋。,祭 灶 神 j zo shn,传说到了腊月二十三，灶王爷便要升天，向玉皇大帝禀报这家人一年的善恶，玉皇大帝根据灶王爷的汇报，再将这一家在新的一年中应该得到的吉凶祸福的命运交于灶王爷之手。送灶神的仪式称为“送灶”或“辞灶”，百姓供上红烛、糖瓜，以隆重的礼节送灶神上天，祈望灶神“上天言好事，下界降吉祥”。如今，农村很多地区还沿袭这种风俗。,迎 财

14、神yng ci shn,民间传说正月初五是财神的生日，所以过了年初一，接下来最重要的活动就是接财神。在财神生日到来的前一天晚上，各家置办酒席，为财神贺辰。,The son,I am coming.,The God of wealth,贴 春 联 ti chn lin,春联，俗称“门对”，又名“春帖”，是对联的一种，因在春节时张贴，故称春联。春联的一个源头是桃符。最初人们以桃木刻人形挂在门旁以避邪，后来画门神像于桃木上，再简化为在桃木板上题写门神名字。春联的另一来源是春贴，古人在立春日多贴“宜春”二字。原来春联题写在桃木板上，后来改写在纸上。桃木的颜色是红的，红色有吉祥、避邪的意思，因此春联大都

15、用红纸书写。,贴春联 Pasting Spring Couplets,“The Spring Couplet”, also called “couplet” and “a pair of antithetical phrases”, is a special form of literature in China. The Spring Couplet is composed of two antithetical sentences on both sides of the door and a horizontal scroll bearing an inscription, usuall

16、y an auspicious phrase, above the gate. “春联”也被称为和“对联”对立的一对短语，在中国是一种特殊的文学形式。春联是由贴在门口两侧两组对立的句子组成，在门上面的横批通常是一个吉祥的短语。,The sentence pasting on the right side of the door is called the first line of the couplet and the one on the left the second line. On the eve of the Spring Festival, every household wil

17、l paste on doors a spring couplet written on red paper to give a happy and prosperous atmosphere of the Festival. In the past, the Chinese usually wrote their own spring couplet with a brush or asked others to do for them, while nowadays, it is common for people to buy the printed spring couplet in

18、the market. 贴在门右侧的句子被称作对联的上联，左侧的为下联。除夕那天，每家都会在门上贴上红纸写的春联，传递出节日喜庆和热闹的气氛。在过去，中国人通常用毛笔自己写春联或者请别人写春联，而现在，人们普遍在市场上买印刷好的春联。,Spring Couplets春联,Dont Forget Our Door God,You know,I am Zhang Fei,You ,Pasting,She, Pasting,I ,Making,Ha Ha!,贴 “福” 字 ti f z,在中国，人们往往用一个“福字来表达对福运、福气、幸福的向往和追求。每当辞旧迎新的时刻，家家户户都要把“福”字贴在屋

19、门上，意味着福气进入家门。许多地方还倒贴“福”字，利用“倒”与“到”的谐音，寓意“福到了”。,“福” 字,倒贴“福”字来表示“福到”了，因为在汉语中“倒”是“到”的谐音。,“福”字 Pasting “Up-sided Fu”,It is common for Chinese to paste the character “fu（福）”, big and small, on walls, doors and doorposts around the houses. “Fu（福）” shows peoples yearning toward a good life. 在墙上，门上和房子周围的门框上

20、贴大小福字是中国人表达对美好生活渴望的普遍习俗。,Some people even invert the character “fu（福）” to signify that blessing has arrived because “inverted” is a homonym for “arrive” in Chinese. Now many kinds of paper-cuts and “fu（福）” can be seen in the market before the Festival. 一些人甚至倒贴福字来表示福到了，因为在汉语中“倒”是“到”的谐音。现在在春节前的市场上随处可见

21、各种各样的窗花和福字。,年 夜 饭nin y fn,除夕这一天对华人来说是极为重要的。这一天人们准备除旧迎新，吃团圆饭。家庭是华人社会的基石，一年一度的团年饭充分表现出中华族家庭成员的互敬互爱，这种互敬互爱使一家人之间的关系更为紧密。家人的团聚往往令一家之主在精神上得到安慰与满足，老人家眼看儿孙满堂，一家大小共叙天伦，过去的关怀与抚养子女所付出的心血总算没有白费，这是何等的幸福。而年轻一辈，也正可以借此机会向父母的养育之恩表达感激之情。,年夜饭,吃年夜饭，是春节期间家家户户最热闹愉快的时候。大年夜，丰盛的年菜摆满一桌，阖家团聚，围坐桌旁，共吃团圆饭。人们既是享受满桌的佳肴盛馔，也是享受那份快乐

22、的气氛，桌上有大菜、冷盆、热炒、点心，一般少不了两样东西，一是火锅一是鱼。,年夜饭,火锅沸煮，热气腾腾，温馨撩人，说明红红火火。,年夜饭,“鱼”和“余”谐音，是象征“吉庆有余”，也喻示“年年有余”。,年夜饭,还有萝卜俗称菜头，祝愿有好彩头。,年夜饭,龙虾、爆鱼等煎炸食物，预祝家运兴旺如“烈火烹油”。,年夜饭,最后多为一道甜食，祝福往后的日子甜甜蜜蜜。,吃饺子 Having Jiaozi,On New Years Eve, the whole family will sit together to make jiaozi and celebrate the Spring Festival. Th

23、e shape of jiaozi is like gold ingot from ancient China. So people eat them and wish for money and treasure. The tradition of having jiaozi is very important during the Spring Festival. You cannot have a complete Spring Festival without having jiaozi.,在除夕那天，全家人会坐在一起包饺子庆祝春节。饺子的形状像中国古代的金元宝，因此人们吃饺子以此来希

24、望财富到来。在春节期间吃饺子是很重要的传统习俗。如果没有吃饺子，你将不能拥有一个完整的春节。,饺 子dumpling,年 糕nin go,Food in The Spring Festival,Chinese New Year is called the night before the real reunion night of wandering away from home must be far behind thousands of miles to drive home the whole family sitting together .,In south China, the

25、favorite and most typical dishes were nian gao, sweet steamed glutinous rice（糯米）pudding and zong zi (glutinous rice wrapped up in reed（芦苇）leaves), another popular delicacy.,年糕rice cake,Diet,腊八粥 Laba rice porridge,春卷 spring roll,守 岁shu su,守岁的传统来自一个有趣的民间传说。在中国古代有一个叫做“年”的怪兽，在春节前的晚上，它会从地洞里出来吃人。 守岁是从吃年夜饭

26、开始，这顿年夜饭要慢慢地吃，一直到深夜。夜里不睡，迎接新一年的到来。,守岁 Staying Up Late on New Years Eve,The tradition of staying up late to see New Year in originated from an interesting folk tale. In ancient China there lived a monster named Year, who was very ferocious. Year always went out from its burrow on New Years Eve to dev

27、our people. Therefore, on every New Years Eve, every household would have supper together. After dinner, no one dared go to sleep and all the family members would sit together, chatting and emboldening each other.,守岁的传统源自于一个有趣的民间故事。在中国古代有一个叫作年的凶猛怪物，在除夕夜年会从地洞里出来吃人。因此在除夕夜，每家每户都会一起吃晚饭，晚饭以后没人敢睡觉，所有的家庭成员

28、会坐在一起聊天互相壮胆。,Gradually the habit of staying up late on New Years Eve is formed. Thus in China, “celebrating the Spring Festival” is also called “passing over the year (guo nian)”. However, now there are less and less people in cities who will stay up late to see New Year in. 逐渐在除夕夜守岁的习惯形成了，因此在中国，庆祝春

29、节也被叫作过年。然而在城市里很少有人以守岁来欢迎新年。,压 岁 钱 y su qin,压岁钱又称“红包”。春节晚辈给长辈拜年时，长辈要将事先准备好的压岁钱分给晚辈，据说压岁钱可以压住邪祟，因为“岁”与“祟”谐音，晚辈得到压岁钱就可以平平安安度过一岁。下一年还是这样，以此类推。 还有一种名副其实的压岁钱，是由晚辈给老人的，岁，就是年岁，岁数，压岁，意在期盼老人长寿。,New Years Gift Money Juniors will greet seniors, wishing them health and longevity, while seniors will give juniors

30、some gift money as a wish for their safety in the coming year.,Red Pocket Babies love (孩子的最爱）,-cash wrapped up in red paper, symbolize fortune and wealth in the coming year.,拜 年bi nin,拜年，是春节期间的重要活动，它与除夕夜的团圆饭一样，是最能体现“年味”的春节习俗。在过去家庭拜年顺序为一拜天地，二拜祖宗，三拜高堂。一般大年初一晚辈给长辈拜年，祝愿长辈福如东海、寿比南山。新年后给亲戚拜年，一般的规矩是初一拜本家、初

31、二拜岳家、初三拜亲戚。在同学、同事、朋友、合作者、邻里之间也要相互拜年。在“过年好”的道贺声中，拉近了心与心的距离，增进了人与人的感情。正如古语所说，拜年“以联年谊、以敦乡情”。,拜 年,拜年和压岁钱 New Years Visit and Gift Money,On the first day of the Chinese lunar year, everybody puts on their best clothes and pays ceremonial calls on their relatives and friends, wishing them all the luck in

32、the coming year. Juniors will greet seniors, wishing them health and longevity, while seniors will give juniors some gift money as a wish for their safety in the coming year. When friends meet, they will wish each other happiness and prosperity with a big smile. With the development of the new techn

33、ology, there is a change on the way of giving New Years greetings. In recent year, it is common to send New Years greetings by such modern means of communication as telephones, emails and text messages. 中国农历新年的第一天每个人都会穿上他们最漂亮的衣服，礼节性地拜访亲戚和朋友，祝愿他们新的一年中好运。小辈会问候老辈，祝福他们健康长寿，同时老辈会给小辈压岁钱祝福他们来年平安。随着新技术的发展，通

34、过现代通讯手段如电话，发邮件和短信息等来送出新年问候已经非常普遍了。,放 爆 竹fng bo zh,中国民间有“开门爆竹”一说，即在新的一年到来之际，家家户户开门的第一件事就是燃放爆竹，以劈劈啪啪的爆竹声来辞旧迎新。燃放鞭炮是中国节日的一种娱乐活动，可以给人们带来欢愉和吉利。,放鞭炮 Setting off Firecrackers,The firecracker is a unique product in China. In ancient China, the sound of burning bamboo tubes was used to scare away wild animal

35、s and evil spirits. With the invention of the gunpowder, “firecracker” is also called “鞭炮binpo” (“炮” in Chinese means gun) and used to foster a joyful atmosphere. The first thing every Chinese household does is to set off firecrackers and fireworks, which are meant to bid farewell to the old year an

36、d usher in the new. 在中国爆竹是一件特殊的产品。在中国古代，燃烧竹管的声音被用来吓走动物和恶鬼。随着火药的发明，爆竹也被称作鞭炮，用来营造欢乐的气氛。在中国每家每户第一件事要做的就是放烟花爆竹，因为这意味着告别旧年迎接新年。,逛庙会gung mio hu,逛庙会，是大多数中国人的春节情结，更是不可或缺的年俗。春节庙会最早是民间的宗教仪式，庙会之时，通常由僧人、道士做“法事”或“道场”以祭祀神佛，人们也要进香朝拜、许愿、还愿、求福。庙会期间，也少不了商贩叫卖、民间艺术表演。庙会上有许多历史悠久深受老百姓喜爱的传统项目，比如，舞狮、舞龙、扭秧歌、踩高跷、跑旱船等。,逛庙会 Te

37、mple Fair,Temple fair, usually held outside temples, is a kind of folk custom in China. During the Spring Festival, temple fair is one of the most important activities, in which there are such performances as acrobatics and Wushu, numerous kinds of local snacks and many kinds of things for everyday

38、life. In recent years, the temple fair has become a place for people to appreciate the traditional art and experience the traditional life.,看春节联欢晚会 The CCTV New Years Gala,The New Years Gala is a variety show held by China Central Television (CCTV) since 1983. For every year since then at the turn o

39、f the Lunar New Year, the program begins at 8:00PM and lasts five or six hours. It brings laughter to billions of people, creates many popular words and produces lots of TV phenomena meriting attention. For over twenty years, its value has gone far beyond a variety show. It is essential entertainmen

40、t for the Chinese both at home and abroad. Many Chinese would like to watch the gala while having the dinner on New Years Eve. 新年联欢晚会是自1983年以来中央电视台举办的综艺节目。从那时候起每年在农历新年交替的时候，晚上八点节目开始并持续五六个小时左右，春节晚会给数亿人带来了笑声，创造了许多流行词汇和值得关注的许多电视现象。30多年以来，它的价值已经远远超过了文艺晚会。对于国内外的中国人都是非常必要的娱乐活动，许多中国人想一边吃除夕晚宴，一边看春节联欢晚会。,Fes

41、tival GreetingsTraditional Festival Greetings:恭贺新禧 | Happy New Year吉祥如意 | Everything Goes Well恭喜发财 | Wishing You Prosperity 年年有余 | Surplus Year after Year岁岁平安 | Peace All Year Round新春大吉| Good Luck in the New Year,Blessings: 金玉满堂Treasures Fill The Home 生意兴隆Business Flourishes 岁岁平安Peace All Year Round

42、 恭喜发财Wishing You Prosperity 和气生财Harmony Brings Wealth 心想事成May All Your Wishes Come True 吉祥如意Everything Goes well,国泰平安The Country Flourishes And People Live In Peace 招财进宝Money And Treasures Will He Plentiful 一帆风顺Wishing You Every Success 步步高升Promoting To A Higher Position 出入平安Safe Trip Wherever You G

43、o 祝你新的一年快乐幸福Wish you happiness and prosperity in the coming year! 事业成功，家庭美满Wish you success in your career and happiness of your family!,课堂活动,一、给学生放孔子学院网络春晚的视频，看世界各国汉语学习者怎么样庆祝中国春节，鼓励学生参加，在学校举办一场春晚。 二、展示一些简单的春联，然后教学生写。写得好的同学可以得到装有中国传统剪纸窗花的小红包，这个红包也是中国传统习俗，所以以这种方式让外国学生体验中国传统民俗。 三、课后邀请同学们一起去包饺子，吃团圆饭。,手工制作舞龙,材料：卷纸芯、彩色纸、白纸、笔、固体胶、剪刀、绳子、一次性筷子。,把纸芯剪成等长的68份,其中一段纸芯留出来做龙头，如图给纸芯一面贴上白纸剪出牙齿,把所有的纸芯包上红色彩纸,剪出左图的两个一大一小形状一样的图案，然后在大的上面画上眼睛，小的画上鼻子，然后贴在龙头上,用彩纸剪出左图的图案，然后粘在一起，如右图,把各段纸芯绑在一起，上一步剪的图案粘在龙尾上，龙就做好了,头部下面和靠近尾部加一根一次性筷子就能像舞龙一样了。,用彩纸剪出左图的小纸条，然后粘在龙头上，如右图,