高中英语单项填空解题指导.ppt

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1、如何在语境下做好单选题,单项选择题解题指导,考查在特定语境下语言知识的运用能力, 即知识 能力。,语法和语言知识点 在语境中对语言意义的领悟、判断与运用能力,高考英语单项选择题命题趋势:,对考生要求:,语境应是事情发生的环境，背景，来龙去脉以及前后关系, 应是语义、语法及语言运用的特定环境的结合。,何为“语境 (context)”？,If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”.,dissent,如何在语境下做好单选题,一. 认真分析语境, 把握上下文所体现出的交际因素, 在特定的语境下得体的运用英语口语, 做好情景对话题.,No,

2、 Im afraid he isnt in. This is his secretary speaking. Can I help you? (2004 广东) -_. A. Oh, you will. B. Oh, thats a pity. C. I should think so. D. Well, I look forward to hearing from you.,解析 第二人应针对第一个人最后说的是Can I help you? 做出反应. 所以回答应是I should think so. Should在此表示一种委婉的语气. 注意不能误选B。,C. I should think

3、 so.,2. Hello, may I have an appointment with the doctor? -_. A. Sorry, he is busy at the moment. B. Why didnt you call earlier? C. Certainly. May I know your name? D. Sorry, he isnt in.,解析本题应注意抓住语境中的关键信息, 即 have an appointment with the doctor, 而并不是想见医生, 所以不能误选 A或D。,C. Certainly. May I know your nam

4、e?,3. -Do you mind if I open the window? -_. I feel a bit cold.(2004广东) A. Of course not. B. Id rather you didnt. C. Go ahead D. Why not.,解析本题要注意Do you mind if的回答方式. A、C 、D都是表示同意对方提议， 而I feel a bit cold暗示答话人不同意开窗。,B. Id rather you didnt.,4. Im thinking of the test tomorrow. Im afraid I cant pass thi

5、s time. - _! Im sure youll make it. (2006 天津) A. Go aheadB. Good luck C. No problemD. Cheer up,解析 注意应针对第一人所说的Im afraid I cant pass this time而作出反应, 所以应用Cheer up (高兴一点). 而AB均答非所问, no problem: “没问题”,有些接近中文式的表达。,D. Cheer up,Key: 英汉两种语言在表达上存在很大的差异，平时应注意对二者进行分析、比较，而不是用汉语的习惯思维方式去认识和解决英语中的一些问题。要求我们不仅要具备牢固的基

6、础知识，更要有应变能力,在做题时要认真分析语境,充分理解试题题干内涵，避免答非所问，切记要撇弃中文思维模式，注重文化差异。,二. 仔细推敲揣摩上下文语境中所隐含的时间因素, 做好时态、非谓语动词及情态动词的相关单选题。,1. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.(2004 北京) A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider,解析根据句中出现的she

7、 hasnt decided yet可知说话者在说现在的情况, 且根据还没决定这种情况推出现仍在考虑, 强调动作还未完成, 所以用现在完成进行时.,B. has been considering,2. - Sorry to interrupt you. Please go on. - Where was I? - You _ you didnt like your fathers job. (2004北京) A. had said B. said C. were sayingD. had been saying,解析根据语境, 可知第二个人告知:当我打断你讲话的时候，你正在讲“不喜欢你爸爸的工

8、作” ,表示过去某一时刻正发生的动作或存在的状态，用过去进行式。,C. were saying,3. John, a friend of mine got married and spent $3,000 more than he _ for the wedding.(2006全国II) A. will planB. has planned C. would planD. had planned,解析句中的married和spent用的是过去时态, 原计划应是过去的过去, 所以用过去完成时。,D. had planned,4. Robert is said_ abroad, but I don

9、t know what country he studied in. (1999 全国卷) A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying,解析根据what country he studied in的语境信息，可知“Robert出国学习发生在过去”，唯A 项动词不定式的完成式正确。,A. to have studied,解析 根据语境可知经理表明不同意应在left之前, A 用非限制定语从句虽合适, 但其完成时态和其后的left时态搭配不当, D 的making 应表示与left动作同时发生,

10、 所以选用分词的完成形式。,5. The manager, _ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us, left the meeting room. (2005 江西) A. who has madeB. having made C. madeD. making,B. having made,6. Is Bob still performing? - Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage as he has become an official. (2005 江苏) A. to have leftB. to

11、leave C. to have been leftD. to be left,解析根据前面语境中提到的“他现在不再表演了”和后面的“他已成为一个公务员”, 可知他已经离开了舞台, 所以用不定式的完成时。,A. to have left,7. Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. -Thanks. You _it. I could manage it myself. (2005福建) A. neednt doB. neednt have done C. mustnt doD. shouldnt have done,解析根据语境可知, Cathe

12、rine 为对方打扫了房间而表示感谢并提出对方本不必为其打扫. 很显然打扫房间是过去所为, 表达“过去不必做某事”, 用B。,B. neednt have done,Key: 搜索句中相关的时间信息, 确定上下文说的是什么时候的事情或情况。 确定动词处于什么状态, 是完成了, 还是未完成。 确定动词与主语的关系, 是主动还是被动。,三. 抓住语境中的有效信息，通过对比、比较、推理、判断等方法，以及对事物、行为发展进程合乎逻辑的想象, 准确做好短语、词类等的语义辩析题。,解析 容易抓住空格前面的got而选择C：get lost (迷路), 实际上get done此处可换成be done。根据语境

13、：当我们加入人群时，我和我的朋友分开了, 而不是迷路, 所以只能选A。,1. As we joined the big crowd, I got _ from my friends. (NMET2001) A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed,A. separated,2. The environmentalists said wild goats _ on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment. (2004上海) A. escapeB. absence

14、 C. attendanceD. appearance,解析 答案B在没有抓住所有信息时, 很容易错选。但是根据后面的a good indication of the better environment 信息，从其逻辑关系入手进行判断，D是唯一正确的答案。,D. appearance,3. My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was _ it. A. in favor ofB. in memory of C. in honor ofD. in search of,解析根据while所表示的对比关系, 可知我妹妹反对我的计划

15、, 而我的各个必定是赞成. in favor of 赞成; in memory of纪念; in honor of为向表示敬意; in search of 寻找。,A. in favor of,4. It is said that dogs will keep you _ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely. A. safety B. companyC. houseD. friend,解析注意不能错选成A或C. 根据后面的时间状语when you are feeling lonely可判断出you需要陪伴. Keep sb.

16、company和人做伴。,B. company,5. Progress so far has been very good. _, we are sure that the project will be completed on time. (2006 浙江) A. HoweverB. Otherwise C. ThereforeD. Besides,解析从前面的语境“目前为止, 一切进展正常”, 到后面的“我确信工程会按时完成”, 应是一种因果关系, 所以选择therefore。,C. Therefore,6. All the people _ at the party were his

17、supporters. A. presentB. thankful C. interestedD. important,解析 present此处作形容词, 意思是“在场的”, 常作后置定语. 根据上下文语境, 本句意思为“参加聚会的人都是他的支持者”。,A. present,Key: 在做词义辨析的题目中, 考生不仅要加强对词义和用法的记忆, 而且要结合语境, 在运用中领悟词义;既要记汉语释义, 又要了解英语释义.需要把握语言的特定环境对题干准确理解，使词汇和短语的辩析突出语言的交际性原则。,语境设题常设有一些干扰项,设计巧妙而且迷惑性强, 在做语境单选题时, 要注意以下几个方面的干扰。 一.

18、 固定结构的干扰 二. 意义理解及中文表达的干扰 三. 省略的干扰,1. I will spend a whole evening _ in your room waiting for the thief to arrive. A. lockingB. in locking C. being lockedD. locked,解析容易误认为是考查spend some time (in) doing sth结构而选A，忽视了waiting for这一部分。结合上下文, 应选D。 locked in your room在句子里作方式状语，“（我）被锁在你的房间里等侯”。,D. locked,2. J

19、enny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, _ this was a memory she especially treasured. (06广东卷) A. as B. ifC. whenD. where,解析 易将其看成是非限定性定语从句而错选D, 但认真分析语境, 可知答案为A, 意思为“因为”。句意为:Jenny对她在加拿大照的照片的丢失很伤心, 因为那段经历是她特别珍惜的。,A. as,3. The country life he was used to _ greatly since 19

20、92. (2005山东卷) A.change B.has changed C.changingD.have changed,解析易受he was used to的影响而误选C。分析语境和句子结构可知, he was used to为定语从句，修饰先行词the country life。此空格应填谓语动词。,B.has changed,Key: 这些试题设计的“陷阱”比较隐蔽，初步阅读时,似曾相识的题干易使考生受思维定势影响而迅速做出错误判断。 需要我们语境, 层层推断; 要做到句意通顺、符合情理，切勿只因某些局部固定搭配而上当误选。,1. Happy birthday, Alice! So y

21、ou have _ twenty-one already ! (2004天津卷) A. become B. turned C. grown D. passed,解析 turn此处表示已达到年龄或时间. 学生很容易根据中文的表达将grow理解为“长到”或pass理解为“超过”而错选。,B. turned,2. - Its getting late. Im afraid I must be going now. - OK. _. (NMET 2004 I) A. Take it easy B. Go slowly C. Stay longer D. See you,解析客人要走，主人表示同意。地道

22、的表达应当是“See you”。Go slowly（慢走）和Stay longer（再呆会儿）为中文口语中的习惯用语，故应排除。,D. See you,3. Mr. Smith used to smoke _ but he has given it up. A. seriouslyB. heavily C. badlyD. hardly,解析正确的答案是 smoke heavily表示 抽烟很凶, a heavy smoker 烟鬼. 有的考生易根据中文表达选择 seriously 或 badly。,B. heavily,Key: 英汉在表达习惯、思维方式等方面具有很多不同，命题者常利用汉英差

23、异出题。 留心英汉表达差异平时要多读多比较多归纳，尽量避免中式英语。,1. What do you think made Mary so upset？ -_her new bicycle. (1997上海) A. As she lost B. Lost C. LosingD. Because of losing,解析 根据语境很明显看出, 命题者在答语中省略了 made Mary so upset只在问句中体现, 所以该空格应填主语，应由动名词担当。,C. Losing,2. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this wee

24、k, better _ it - youve got some big bills coming. A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget,解析根据语境, 可知道此处应该说的是 you had better forget it, better do sth.应是其省略形式, 所以应选A。,A. forget,Key: 在语境试题中，往往根据上下文的含义故意省略一些成分，增加试题难度。在解题时，一定要弄清题意，仔细地分析句子结构，补全省略部分，这样才能保证选出正确答案。,三.单选题经常会出现日常交际用语方面的内容，学生做题时应注意区分中西方文化的差异。,二.做题时，不应以定势思维去解那些似曾相识的题，同样的问题放在不同语境中，选择就会不同，应注意排除干扰。,一.要整体把握语境,认真分析所隐含的信息, 答题时必须读完全部信息，利用特定的语境来选出正确答案。,conclusion,Thank you!,