高中英语it的用法课件3.ppt

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1、It的用法,代词：用于指人以外的一切生物，无生命的东西和事情,日期，距离，价值，度量，温度，环境等,it 用作非人称代词，指代日期、时间、季节、天气、温度、距离、重量、环境、情况等， 常不翻译出来,Its quite hot here in summer, isnt it ? Its early midnight now . Wed better go to bed. Its about an hours drive from here to Nanchang. It was noisy last night. Do you like it here？(2004年高考全国卷) Oh, yes.

2、 The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.,(天气),(时间),(距离),（情况）,(环境等),指代性别不详的婴幼儿,他她是谁？,Who is it?,指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人,-Who is knocking at the door? -Its may be Tom.,The baby is crying. It might be hungry.,“Who is it over there?” “It must be headmaster.” “No, it cant be him, for he ha

3、s gone to Paris.”,I.人称代词 a.用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物，以避免重复: Throw wasted paper in the dustbin. Its just beside you. b.还可以指代前面整件事情： This spade is made of iron. It is known to all. 2.指示代词(在回答含有指示代词thisthat的问句时，常用it指代)-Who is that?- It is Lucy. Whats that on the right? I guess it might be a watermelon. “Hello!

4、 Who is that (speaking)?” “This is john/I (speaking). 此处不能用it代this,it 指代上文提到的表特指的单数可数名词或不可数名词，即“同类又同物”; one表示“同类不同物”, 只能代替可数名词单数，相当于a/an+可数名词单数；还可以指众多中的一个（注意它在定语从句中的指代）(复数n用ones指代) that 表示“同类不同物”，（只在平级结构或比较级结构或表对比结构中指代前文出现的表特指的可数名词单数或不可数名词。（复数名词用those指代),I had a good pen, but I lost it yesterday. Il

5、l buy one tomorrow.,注 1: it, one, that 区别,The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in. A. they B. it C. one D. which 2. Weve been looking at houses but havent found _ we like yet. A. one B. ones C. it D. them 3. Im moving to the countryside because the air th

6、ere is much fresher than _ in the city. A. ones B. one C. that D. those,易误辨析:,it / one / that,B,A,C,the house that the Parkers bought,a house,the air,Exercises: 1.-would you like to buy a bicycle of this kind? -Yes, Id like to have_. A. it B.that C.one D.this 2.The color of my coat is different from

7、_of yours. A. it B. one C. that D. this 3.The machines we use today are much better than _we use ten years ago. A. it B.that C.one D.those 4.These shoes are too tight, do you have large_? A. it B.that C.ones D.one,定语从句 1. Is this the factory _ her mother worked last year? A. the one B. that C. where

8、 D. which 2. Is this factory _ her mother worked in last year? A. the one B. that C. where D. which 3. _clean the blackboard is to be praised. A. Anyone who B. The boy C. The one D. the ones,1. Sb + think + it + necessary + ( for sb. ) to do sth. +连词+clause,The chairman thought _ necessary to invite

9、 Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.(05全国) A. that B. it C. this D. him,Sentence patterns:,B,形式宾语,makebelievefeelfindconsider,hardpossibleimportantuselessworthworthwhile,Translation:我们认为你什么时候出发并不重要。 He made it quite clear that he wont change his mind,We consider it unimportant when you set out.

10、,2. S+ V + it + ones duty + ( for sb. ) to do sth. +连词+ clause,3. S + V + it + no +n + doing sth. ( need 除外）,形式宾语,I think it his duty to clean the blackboard.,Sentence patterns:,an honour, a pity, a shame, a good idea-,no usegoodpointharm-,1. 作为医生，我们觉得救死扶伤是我们的职责。 2. 他们相信适当锻炼身体毫无坏处。,Traanslation,As d

11、octors, we feel it our duty to save the dying and treat the wounded.,They believe it no harm doing the exercsie appropriately.,I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.(04全国) A. this B. that C. it D. one,点拨:这是it作形式宾语的一种特殊用法.少数动词(如like, love,enjoy, dislike, hate, dont mind, appreci

12、ate, feellike等)或包含介词的动词短语(如see to, depend on,be fond of等)后接宾语从句,必须先由it担任形式宾语,再接从句.,I like (enjoy, hate) it when. I would appreciate it if see to (depend on) it that,Sentence patterns:,C,形式宾语,单句改错：(每行最少一个错误） 1. He is possible to do this thing flexibly. 2. He didnt make when and where the meeting woul

13、d be held clear. 3. The doctor advised Vesa strongly that she should take a holiday, but which didnt help. 4. Is that club that can hold more than 1,000 persons? 5. We consider it no use to spend time on this kind of people. 6. Every student may hate them when their teachers treat them rudely.,点拨:这也

14、是it作形式宾语的一种特殊用法.少数动词短语中包含it作形式宾语,其结构为： sb owe it to sb+ 连词 + clause 把归功于 bring it to sb+ 连词 + clause 把带给某人 leave it to sb to do+ 连词 + clause 把留给某人去做 take it for granted + 连词 + clause 某人想当然 keep it in mind + 连词 + clause 牢记,形式宾语,She took _ for granted that he was liked by all the people. A. this B. th

15、at C. it D. one,C,Sentence patterns,You can leave the chores to me if you are busy. Please keep it in mind that you are a chinese man. She owed it to me that she is getting better and better.,Sentence patterns:,形式宾语,sb think it adj for sb to do+连词+clause,sb think it n for sb to do+连词+clause,sb think

16、 it no n(usegood-) doing (except need),sb appreciate it +连词+ clause,sb leave it to sb to do+连词+从句 sb owe it to sb +连词+ clause sb bring it to sb +连词+ clause sb take it for granted+连词+ clause sb keep it in mind +连词+ clause,It 常可代替不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在句中作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句子后面。为方便记忆，我们可将it 作形式宾语的句型称为6123结构。,

17、指主句中常用的动词：think， believe， make， find, consider， feel； 指的是形式宾语it； 指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词； 指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动 名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。,it 作形式宾语,We think it important to learn English.,1. -There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and bottow ? -No, Id rather buy in the bookstore. 2007 陕西卷 A.

18、it;one B. one;one C. one;it D. it;it 2. Little joy can equal _ of a surprising ending when you read stories. 2007 四川卷 A. that B. those C. any D. Some 3. He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held.2007 天津卷 A. this B. that C. it D. these,4. （2011福建21） We have various summer camps f

19、or your holidays. You can choose _ based on your own interests. A. either B. each C. one D. it 5. （2010全国II 14）The doctor thought _ would be good for you to have a holiday. A. this B. that C. one D. it 6. （2010陕西卷12）The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than _ in any other area of th

20、e city. A. that B. this C. it D. one 7. (2011天津1) We feel _ our duty to make our country a better place. A. it B. this C. that D. one,1. _ (WhetherIfThatIt) the experientment will be carried out is not known. =? 2. _ (ThatThisItAs) is not clear when he will attend the meeting. =? 3. _(ThatThisItAs)

21、is known to everybody , the moon travels round the earth once every month. =?,形式主语,高考真题,It be adjndonevi+连词+clauseto do doing=,连词+clauseto do doing+be adjndonevi,It is obvious that going for sports will do a lot of good to your health. =?,Its a pity that the Chinese team didnt attend the World Cup i

22、n South Africa this year. =?,1. It is clear ( obvious,true,certain.) that . 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为清楚（显然，真的，肯定）是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. = That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear. It is important ( necessary，strange，natural.) that . 该句

23、型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去， It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words.,2. It is said (reported， learned.) that . 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为据说（据报道，据悉）。 It is said that he has come to

24、 Beijing. It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. It is suggested ( ordered /demanded/insisted/commanded. ) that . 该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；常译为据建议；有命令） It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ord

25、ered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours.,3. It happens (seems，appears) that. 该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen，seem等词是不及物动词。 It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧. It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来 It looks ( seems ) as if . 该句型中it无意义， as if

26、 引导一个状语从句。常译为，看起来好象如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。 It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了） It looks as if he were ill. （没有生病） It seemed as if he were dying.,4. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that . 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去表示出乎意料，常译为竟然。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in y

27、our class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！ 5. It is time ( about time ，high time ) that . 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是 常用过去时态表示虚拟 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省，常译为该到做-的时侯-了 It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed.,8：It be +n+连词+从句 的特殊

28、句式结构 1. It is the first ( second . ) time that . 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来，该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态，。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换常译为是第一（二）次。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here.,2. It is up to sb.

29、to do sth 应由某人做某事。 It is up to you to decide whether we start or not.,3. It is +一段时间+since .。 since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。 It is 5 years since his father died. It is five months since I arrived in New York. 我到纽约已经五个月了。 It is five months since I was in New York. 我离开纽约已经五个月了。 （注意

30、：终止性动词表示从动作发生时算起；如果是状态动词或持续性动词，则从动作或状态结束时算起。）,4. It is . when .。 该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当，常译为当的时候，是 It was 5 oclock when he came here. 5. It waswill be+段时间+ before+从句 该句型主句中的 it 指时间， 主句中的时态常是一般将来时或过去时两种时态主句中的表语多是long， 3 days ， 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语 It was 3 days before he went to

31、 Beijing. It will not be long before he finishes his job.,It will be +段时间+before+clause:要过-才- It will not be+段时间+before+clause:用不了-就- It will be several years before we meet again. 我们要过好几年才能再见面。 It will not be long before they set out for the front. 用不了多久他们就会出发去前线。,特殊句型：,was+时间段+before “-之后-才” It wa

32、s not+时间段+before “没过就”,It was two hours before the fireman arrived here. It was not five minutes before the fireman arrived here.,两个小时之后消防员才到.,没过五分钟消防员就到了.,1.Its years _(since, before, after, that) I painted this beautiful picture. 2.It will be years _(since, before, after, that) I paint this beauti

33、ful picture. 3.It was years _(since, before, after,that) I painted this beautiful picture. 4.Its for years _(since, before, after, that) Ihave painted this beautiful picture.,易误辨析:,表示从since 从句谓语动作发生以后到现在所经过的一段时间，译为“自从.以来已多久了”,It is +时间段+since(过去时).,表示从过去某一时间到before从句谓语动作发生所经过的一段时间,译为“-之后-才/就做了”,It +

34、 was + 时间段 + before(过去时),表示从现在起到before从句谓语动作发生所经过的一段时间,译为“多长时间后才会/就会做”,It + will be +时间段 +before(一般现在时),_,_,_,_,Translate the following: 过了很久他才回来. 2. 我们很久后才会见面的. 3. 我离开这所学校已经很久了.,It was long before he came back.,It will be long before we meet again.,It is long since I left this school.,It is +时间段+si

35、nce(过去时).,It + will be +时间段 +before(一般现在时),It + was + 时间段 + before(过去时),易误辨析:,在一些固定用法中考查,常见的固定用法有: make it 成功，安排在或定在某时间 forget it 别提了，忘了它吧 Dont mention it 别提了，表示不用谢 It doesnt matter 没关系 It(That) depends 视情况而定 You guessed it 你猜着了 Its hard to say 很难说,Practice,判断对错(每句最多有两处错误 ) It was this morning while

36、 I finished my task. It is up to you to make the choice. It happened that I was out when he called. It is not easy finishing the work in two days. It is not a good habit staying up late. It is no use to cry over spilt milk. It is a pity that you dont read this book. It looks as if it were going to r

37、ain. It is the second time that I was told the rules here. It is time that we protect our environment. It is evident that he is telling a lie now. It is demanded that he goes to school on time.,It was with a strong belief that Martin Luther king led mang movements against racial discrimination.,It i

38、s the ability to do the job_ matters not where you come from or what you are. A. one B. that C. what D. i,It is / was + 被强调的部分 +that / who+句子其他成分,强调句型,高考真题,It is was not until +被强调的部分+that+句子其他成分,It was _ back home after the experiment. A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didnt

39、 go C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didnt go In which play is _ your brother appears? A. that where B. this when C. it that D. it where It was in the lab _ was taken charge of by Professor Zhang _ they did the experiment. A. where; that B. which ; where C. that ; where D

40、. which; that,强调句型,被强调的部分是not until引导的时间 状语,?,强调句型用于疑问句, 被强调的部分是特殊疑问词或从句引导词,?,In which play is it that?,It is that,Is it that?,I dont know in which play it is that,强调句型和各种从句,高考热点,?,1.It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do_ benefits our work most. A. who B. which C. that D.

41、what 2. I dont know_he had been. Awhere was it B. it was where C. where it was that D. it was where that 3.It was _he came back from Afica that year_he met the girl he would like to marry. A. when ; then B. not, until Cnot until;that D.only;when correct: It is the school gate that I met him.,at,走进高考

42、,Exercise Bar,3. (2000,上海) Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see_. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 正确答案：D。说话时，不知道对方的性别。注意在宾语从句中需用陈述语序。,4. (2007, 全国)Have you heard the latest news? No, what _? A. is it B. is there C. are they D. are those 正确答案：A。it指代上文提及的latest news。 5. (200

43、6,全国) If I can help _, I dont like working late into the night. A. so B. that C. it D. them 正确答案：C。help是“阻止、避免”的意思，it指代下文的事情。 6. (2002,北京) -He was nearly drowned once. -When was _? -_ was 1998 when he was in Middle School. A. that, It B. this, This C. this, It D. that, This 正确答案：A。it指时间。,9. (2004,北京

44、) The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace. A、This is B、There is C、That is D、It is 正确答案：D由句意易知：that从句是真正的主语;it为形式主语。 10. (2005,上海)_in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. A. What is required B. What requir

45、es C. It is required D. It requires 正确答案：C 。it为形式主语，在此结构中done为required/suggested/demanded/recommended等时，从句必须用should + 动词原形，且should可以省略。,11. (2004,上海春) It was foolish of him to _ his notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished. A. stick to B. refer to C. keep to D. point to 正确答

46、案：B。短语辨析题，refer to有“参考”的意思，符合句意。 12. (2006,全国) It is no _ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind. A. use B. help C. time D. way 分析：正确答案：A。为固定结构。 14. (2006,湖南)As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _ her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town. A. this B. that

47、 C. one D. it 正确答案：D。真正宾语为不定式。,15. (2005,江苏)Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what 正确答案：B。表示“理应如此”需用should动词原形，should可以省略。在做it形式宾

48、语和形式主语的复合句中如果从句表示的是“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，需用should动词原形，should可以省略。,17、(2003,上海) I will appreciate it _ you call back this afternoon for the doctors appointment. A、until B、if C、when D、that 正确答案：B。 18. (1998，上海) Dont _ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most suc

49、cessful. A. take as granted B. take this for granted C. take that for granted D. take it for granted 正确答案：D。take it for granted that 意为：想当然的认为某事。it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为that从句。另外我们也应该注意：depend(rely) on it（相信某事）和see to it（负责某事）的用法。 19. (2008,全国) It was in New Zealand _ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. A. that B.

50、 how C. which D. when 正确答案：A。将it was去掉句子结构完整，易知是考查it的强调句型。,20. (2004,福建) It was with great joy _ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. A. because B. which C. since D. that 正确答案：D。 21. (1997,全国) Was it _ that I saw last night at the concert? A. you B. not you C. yourself D. that

51、 yourself 正确答案：A。强调句型的一般疑问式的基本结构为：Is/Was it+被强调部分+that将该句恢复为陈述语序，去掉It is/wasthat结构，易判断是强调you的强调句型。 22. Is _student _was caught smoking in the classroom? A. it that, that B. that it, it C. it it, that D. it which, that 正确答案：A。,23. (2004,上海) Why! I have nothing to confess. _ you want me to say? A. Wha

52、t is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that 正确答案：A。强调句型的特殊疑问式的基本结构为：wh- +is/was it that +其它成分，故选B。 24. (2005,山东)-_ that he managed to get the information? -Oh, a friend of his helped him. A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it 正确答案：C。,25. (2007,浙江) It _ we

53、 had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common. A. was; when B. was that; that C. wasnt until; when D. wasnt until; that 正确答案：D。易判断这是考查not until的强调形式。 26. (2008，重庆) It was not until midnight _ they reached the camp site. A. that B. when C. while D. as 正确答案：A。 27. (2007,山

54、东)Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _we worked. A. that B. there C. which D. where 正确答案：D。答句完整形式应为：It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.,28. -Who made such a stupid mistake? -_Tom. A. It was B. He was C. That was D. There was 正确答案：A。答句完整形式应为：It was Tom who made s

55、uch a stupid mistake. 29. It was the university _ he was teaching _ sent him to America. A. which; that B. where; that C. that; which D. that; had 正确答案：B。本题是考查：it was +university + 引导的定语从句+ that。 30. (2007,陕西) It is not who is right but what is right _ is of importance. A. which B. it C. that D. thi

56、s 正确答案：C。本题是考查强调句型和名词性从句连用。,31. (2006,辽宁) It was after he got what he had desired _ he realized it was not so important. A. that B. when C. since D. as 正确答案：A。本题是考查强调句型和状语从句连用。 32. It might have been Tom _ bought John a new pen yesterday. A. what B. since C. that D. then 正确答案：C。去掉It might have beent

57、hat句子仍然是完整的，所以选C。 33、(2008, 北京) Im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time _ Brian gets back. A. before B. since C. till D. after 正确答案：A。It be + 时间 + before 表示过了一段时间才 34. (2006,福建) How long do you think it will be _ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon? -Perhaps two or th

58、ree years. A. when B. until C. that D. before 正确答案：D,35、(2005,安徽) That was really a splendid evening. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. A. when B. that C. before D. since 正确答案：D。 36、(2006,四川) Its thirty years since we last met. -But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _ we got lost on

59、 a rainy night. A. which B. that C. what D. when 正确答案：B。 易判断本题是考查同位语从句。 37. (2006,重庆) Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers? mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking 正确答案：D。got down to是“开始从事”的意思，to不是不定式符号，而是介词后跟名词或者-ing形式。,38. (2005,安徽) -Shall we go to the art exhibition right away? -_. A. I

60、ts your opinion B. I dont mind C. It all up to you D. Thats your decision 39、(2006,湖北) You know who came yesterday? -Yao Ming? We had seen basketball match. -_ He came and watched the game. A. You guessed it! B. How did you know that? C. Well done! D. That was good news! 正确答案：A。由具体语境易做出正确选择。 40. (2008,天津) How much do I own you for lunch? -_. Its nothing. A. Youre welcome B. Forget it C. With pleasure D. Thats all right 正确答案：B 。,Thank you,