虚拟语气讲解-upda.ppt

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1、虚拟语气讲解subjunctive mood,虚拟语气的概念,虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望、假设和建议等。 虚拟语气的形式,If条件句的种类,条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句子中的条件从句与结果主句皆用直接语气，如： 1）if I have enough money next year, I will go to Japan 2）if you have finished with that book, take it back to the library.,If 条件句的虚拟语气,非真实条件句所表的

2、假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句和结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 If you had not reminded me, I might have forgotten. If he were wise, he should have come to see me.,虚拟语气构成类表,Examples,假如我是你的话，我就不会要那些钱。 If I were you, I would refuse the money. 假若我们有时间的话，我们就会顺道拜访了 We should have dropped by if we had had time. 假如他来看我，就会认识我。 If

3、he should see me, he would know me.,条件从句和结果主句所表时间不一致的虚拟语气,从句的动作与主句的动作发生时间不一致的情况，这时动词的形式应根据所表示的时间做相应的调整。这称为错综虚拟条件句。,Examples,If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 从句是过去时虚拟，主句是现在进行时虚拟 If we had not been working hard in the past few years,things would not be going smoothly. 从句

4、是过去时虚拟，主句是现在进行时虚拟,Exercises,You (be) better now if you (take) my advice. If my father (sent) me, I (be) not here now. If he (come), what we (say)to him.,虚拟语气中的倒装句,非真实条件从句的连词if在书面语中可以省略，并将谓语中的were ,had ,should 移置主语之前。 Were you in my position ,you would do the same. Had I time, I would come.,含蓄条件句,非真实

5、条件句中的从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 What would I have done without you? It would be easier to do it in this way. Without your help I could not have finished the task on time. But for the storm,we should have arrived earlier,I am really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you. A man

6、 of less courage would not have dared to go. If only I had more time to think about it,conclusion,介词或介词短语with ,without ,but for(要不是), in the absence of ,under ,if only(要是就好了),表示条件，句中用虚拟语气.,从句中的虚拟语气主语从句,在下列结构的主语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气,形式为should+do, should可省 It is necessary/imperative/important/essential /advis

7、able/better/ordered/proposed/desired/ requested/suggested/recommended/demanded/decided/arranged/natural/impossible/sorry /strange/a pity/a shame/no wonder that,Example,It was arranged that they leave the following week. It is a pity that she should fare(过活) so badly. It is his desire that a medical

8、man should stay here.,Exercises,我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。 It is important that we should speak politely. 应当进行批评与自我批评。 It is imperative that we should practise criticism and self-criticism.,Exercises,没有必要使每一个人都成为科学家。 It is not necessary that everyone be a scientist. 他这样想是很自然的事情 It is natural that he should th

9、ink so.,宾语从句的虚拟,在表示命令，建议，要求的动词，如 advise ,commend, demand ,insist,order ,propose, recommend, request,suggest，等后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原型，should 可省略。 He insisted that you should be on time.,特例,Insist表坚持，强调suggest 表表明，暗示时，不用虚拟。 He insisted that he had never stolen anything. The expression on her face su

10、ggested that she was tired.,Wish 后面的宾语从句,1，用过去式表现在不能实现的愿望 I wish I were as strong as you. 2，用过去完成时表过去不能实现的愿望. We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation. 3，用过去将来时表将来不能实现的愿望 I wish he would try again .,表达愿望,在would rather,would sooner ,后面的句子中，用动词过去式表示尚未发生的动作，用过去完成时动词表示对已发生的动作的某种愿望 I would

11、 rather you had left for HangZhou last week.。 I would rather/sooner you came tomorrow.,同位语从句和表语从句的虚拟,在下列名词后面的同位语从句和表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气：suggestion, proposal, order, instruction, advice, motion（提议）等. 1.He gave the order that the results of the experiment (should) be rechecked. 2.My suggestion is that we (

12、should) send a trade delegation to Malaysia.,其他,As if (though)连接的从句，谓语动词虚拟形势与wish 用法相同,It is (high ,about) time that 的句型中用虚拟语气表应该做而没有作的事情，从句谓语一律用过去式 It is time that we went to bed. It is time we left,在以lest, for fear that, in case引出的从句中用虚拟语气 lest, for fear that都表示“惟恐，免得”从句中使用“should+动词原形”构成谓语 He too

13、k his umbrella with him lest it should rain. In case I forget, please remind me of my promise.,Exercise,1, Without electricity human life_quite different today. A is B will be C would have been D would be 2，When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _ A breaks B has broken C were

14、broken D had been broken,3“It is getting very late.” “Yes,it is time we _back home” A have gone B should gone C went D shall go 4，I can go myself but I would sooner you_ A go B have gone C will go D went,5,The new airport (complete)if they had not stopped working on it. 6,Peters pale face suggested

15、that he (be)ill, and his parents suggested that he (have) a medical examination. 7,It is generally thought to be of importance to a man that he (know) himself. 8, without air, there (be)no wind or rain.,9,He has been studying so hard. It is natural that he (pass) tomorrows exam. 10,He (pass) the test, but he was not careful enough. 11,If only we (do)as we were told. This would never have happened. 12,If there were no subjunctive mood, English (be) much easier.,