最新英语语法汇总(高中大学必备)优秀名师资料

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1、英语语法汇总(高中大学必备)第一章 名 词 一、名词的分类: 名词就其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。普通名词又可分为可数名词和不可数名词。 专有名词:Beijing Smith the United Nations 可数名词 普通名词: water, coal, rice 不可数名词 surprise, honour, help 二、可数名词的复数形式 1(一般情况，直接加-s。 port(港口)? ports;technique(技术)techniques 2(以s, x, ch, sh结尾发s、?、t?、d音的词，加es busbuses, boxboxes, bushbushes s

2、tomachstomachs(stomach词尾发k，故复数直接加-s) branchbranches，3(辅音字母+ y，变y为i，加-es universityuniversities boys y前为元音字母，直接加-s boy4(以O结尾加-es heroheroes O前为元音字母，及部分外来词直接加-s zoozoos radioradio pianopianos photophotos 5(以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v，再加-es leafleaves wifewives 以下f结尾单词直接加-s beliefbeliefs(信念) roofroofs(屋顶) proofpro

3、ofs(证据) safesafes(保险柜) chiefchiefs(首领) gulfgulfs(海湾) 6(不规则名词 manmen, womanwomen, footfeet, toothteeth, goosegeese, mousemice, childchildren, oxoxen 注1:有些可数名词的单复数相同，要根据上下文的意义来确定其单数还是复数，例如: sheep 羊 fish 鱼 deer 鹿 means手段，方法 works工厂，作品 series系列 注2:在些可数名词，只有单数形式，但表示复数意义。如果作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 1 个体名词:man, exper

4、t, factory 集合名词:audience(观众)，class, family 如:cattle 牛 people 人民 police 警察 注3:集合名词既可看作单数(作为整体)，也可看作复数(作为集体的各个成员)。 例如:audience(观众) class(班级) family(家庭) group(小 组) 她家在该地区是名门望族。 她的家人正在为分财产激烈地争吵。 改错: A B C D 2. Fish always well in the markets because fish rich protein, can A B C D (罪犯)? A B C D 三、不可数名词 物

5、质名词、抽象名词均属不可数名词。前面不能加不定冠词a / an，词尾也不能加s。 请牢记下列典型的不可数名词。 news 消息 information 信息 advice 忠告，建议 progress 进步，进展 knowledge 知识 weather天气 fun 乐趣 equipment 设备 English 英语 furniture 家具 wealth 财富 damage 损坏 traffic 交通，车辆及行人 baggage / luggage 行李 clothing 衣服，衣着 word 消息，信息 work 工作 homework 家庭作业 housework 家务 改错: 1(

6、A B C D 2( D joy. 3( A B C D 4( A B C D 5( A B C D 说明1:部分抽象名词可与a(an)连用，此时词义发生变化，表示某种事或人。这 2 A B C 些词有:surprise, pleasure, shock, honour, help, success等。 当这类词在句中作表语(例3)，作宾补(例4)及在介词as之后，词义发生 变化，通常要加a / an。 说明2:paper表示“纸”不可数。表示“报纸、论文、书面作文、试卷、文件、有 价证券”为可数名词。 四、名词的所有格 名词的所有格通常在名词后加s构成，用于表示所属关系。用于以下情况: 1)

7、表示有生命的名词 my brothers car childrens books(儿童读物) students rooms 2)表示国家、城市、地域的名词 Chinas population Beijings weather 3)表示天体、时间、距离、金钱的名词 the moons surface ten years hard work 十年的辛劳 todays newspapers 20 dollars worth of a stamp 一张价值20美元的邮票 其他无生命的名词通常用“of + 名词”的短语表示所属关系。 the object of the sentence 句子的宾语 th

8、e title of the film 影片的名字 五、名词的作用 1)名词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语。 主语 宾语 宾语 宾补 2)名词还作其他名词的前置定语，用于更准确说明某物的用途，性质，组成材料等。 a tea cup 茶杯 a car number 车牌号 a shoe shop 鞋店 a stone bridge 石桥 名词作定语必须用单数。man, woman作定语，用单数还是复数由被修饰的 名词的单复数决定。sport作定语，单复数形式均可。 a man teacher 一个男教师 ten women doctors 十个女医生 a sport(s)shirt 运动

9、衫 the arms race 武器竞赛(特例) 选:It is said that the Air Force about $80 million a year. Really a problem, isnt it ? A(bird hit cost B(birds hit costs C(bird hits cost D(bird hit costs 本题题义:空军每年因飞鸟撞击飞机造成的损失达大约八千万美元。考查的是名词作定语。名词作定语必须用单数，故可考虑的答案为A、C。又因一年内鸟击飞机事件多次发生，故选C。 六、学习名词，特别要注意的问题 3 1 选:One of the adva

10、ntage of living on the top floor of a high rise is that you can get a good .(2001年上海高考题) A(sight B(scene C(view D(look 辩析:sight 1.看见 2.视力 3.视野 4.风景 scene 1.(事件发生的)现场2.场面 ; 情景3.景色 4.(拍电影)场景，(舞台)布置 view 1.眺望2.视野 3.风景，景色。 look 1.看 2.神色,表情 looks =appearance外貌 本句意为:住在高层建筑顶层的优越之一，是能清楚眺望到一切。故本题答案为C。 近年来高考试

11、卷非常重视对名词的考查，是重点热点之一。 2)正确掌握名词前冠词的使用规则 选:1. Summer in _ south of France are for _ most part dry and sunny. A. /; a B. the, / C. /, / D. the, the 2( Most animals have little connection with animals of different kind unless they kill them for food. A(the ;a B(不填 ;a C(the ;the D(不填 ;the 名词练习 1. He is a

12、man of _ and he has_ interesting_ in his life. A. much experience; a lot of; experiences B. many experiences; much; experience C. many experience; much; experience D. many experiences; a lot of; experience 2. Perhaps we need to clear away these books to make _ for our new students. A. place B. area

13、C. room D. space 3. If you are driving to the airport, can you give me a _? A. hand B. seat C. drive D. lift 4. Being able to speak another language fluently is a great _ when you are looking for a job. A. chance B. importance C. assistant D. advantage 5. The _ of building the Great Theater _ only o

14、ne year. A. job; spent B. work; spent C. position, took D. works, took 4 6. He had run away from home and gone to _ when he was 16 years old. A. the sea B. a sea C. seas D. sea 7. Only one third of the people present at the meeting were _ the new rules. A. in favour of B. in agreement of C. in for D

15、. wit the side of 8. Everybody thinks little of the film. In fact, there is no _ of it being tried out in the film festival. A. sign B. use C. possibility D. doubt 9. Can your _ with you- money , jewellery, cameras and so on. A. gifts B. suitcase C. bags D. valuables 10. Students should be encourage

16、d to finish their homework_. A. of themselves B. of their own C. for their own D. on their own 11. When he is angry, his _ stands up on end. A. head B. uniform C. hair D. skin 12. His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any _ of it. A. explanation B. meaning C. sense D. guess 13. -Is Mr

17、 Smith in? - No, hes asked for _ leave. A. a two weeks B. a two-week C. a two-weeks D. a two weeks 14. -_ car crashed into a tree yesterday. They must have been driving too fast. - Every boy and every girl _ to drive that fast. A. Tom and Janes; wish B. Toms and Janes ;wishes C. Tom and Janes ; like

18、s D. Toms and Janes ; want 15. _ Mr Wang has! He almost never remembers where he leaves his keys. A. What a poor memory B. What poor memory C. How good a memory D. How poor memory 16. The _ change of weather may have some _ his health. A. sudden; caused B. sudden; effect on C. suddenly; bad results

19、to D. suddenly; effect on 17. Because prices of food and clothing and almost everything else in that country have steadily gone up the buying _ of the dollar has gone down. A. energy B. force C. power D. strength 18. _ of English is helpful if you are devoted to _ English literature. A. A good knowl

20、edge; study B. A good knowledge ; studying C. Good knowledge; study D. Good knowledge; studying 19. -Few children are as bright as he is, and also, he works very hard. 5 - Its no _ that he always gets the first place in any examination. A. doubt B. problem C. question D. wonder 20. Marys handwriting

21、 is better than_ in her class. A. anyone else B. anyone elses C. anyones else D. other students 21. It really doesnt make any _ whether to buy a laptop computer or a desktop computer. A. choice B. decision C. difference D. sense 22. Many students signed up for the _ race in the sports meeting to be

22、held next week. A. 800-meter-long B. 800-meters-long C. 800 meter length D. 800 meters length 23. His behaviour at the party last night seemed rather_. Many of us were quite surprised. A. out of practice B. out of place C. out of politeness D. out of pity 24. These football players had no strict _ u

23、ntil they joined our club. A. practice B. education C. training D. exercise 25. If it was not an accident, he must have done it _. A. on purpose B. in common C. on occasion D. in time 26. We must keep our room clean. Dirt and disease go _. A. from time to time B. hand in hand C. step by step D. one

24、after another 27. _ is known to us all, _ feed on grass while horses on grain. A. It , cattle B. This; cattles C. What ; cattles D. As; cattle 28. _ everyone can hear the speaker there is no_ in turning up the radio. A. Now that; point B. Even if; point C. Now that, need D. Even if; need 29. Shelly

25、had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first _. A. intention B. attempt C. purpose D. desire 30. No one has yet succeeded in explaining the _ of how life began. A. cause B. problem C. reason D. puzzle 31. Jack tried hard to get a gold medal

26、in this Winter Olympic Games but he had no _. A. luck B. time C. fate D. entrance 32. The young man owes his success to many people , his parents _. A. after all B. by chance C. on purpose D. in particular 33. I should like to try that coat on, for I dont know if it is my _. 6 A. shape B. model C. d

27、esign D. size 34. It is important for us to employ a word or phrase to the _ in language studies. A. situation B. expression C. condition D. translation 35. Flight BA 123 to Vienna is now boarding at _. A. Gate 21 B. 21st Gate C. the Gate 21 D. 21 Gate 36. -Shall we take a walk before dinner? - Oh,

28、yes, _ is my favourite time of a day. A. the early evenings B. in the early evening C. the early of the evening D. early evening 37. Being poor, she had to borrow a new _ so as to attend the party. A. cloth B. clothes C. clothing D. dress 38. Popular music is liked by many people, but it is not to e

29、veryones _. A. manners B. smell C. taste D. thought 39. Such good _ should be made of ones spare time to study another foreign language. A. chance B. choice C. decision D. use 40. She thought the painting was of little _ , so she let him have it for only $15. A. cost B. important C. price D. value 4

30、1. There are three _ in our clinic. A. woman doctor B. woman doctors C. women doctor D. women doctors 42. I tried every _ to make him give up smoking. A. mean B. ways C. meaning D. means 43. _ will conquer nature. A. The man B. Man C. Any man D. The men 44. Yesterday I was invited to the dinner at _

31、. A. Turners B. the Turners C. Turners D. the Turners 45. Jess went to a _ for some shoes. A. shoes store B. shoe store C. shoes store D. shoes store 46. Standing on top of the mountain, youll get a wonderful _. A. joy B. seeing C. view D. nature 47. He was chosen _ of the company. A. manager B. a m

32、anager C. the manager D. as a manager 48. -What can I do for you? - Id like to have a _ of China Daily. A. piece B. sheet C. lot D. copy 49. _it is to listen to music! A. How fun B. How a fun C. What a fun D. What fun 7 50. What the expert has said and done will be _ to the department managers. A. v

33、alue B. benefit C. of valuable D. of benefit 1-5 ACDDD 6-10 DACDD 11-15 CCBCA 16-20 BCBDB 21-25 CABCA 26-30 BDABA 31-35 ADDAA 36-40 DDCDD 41-45 DDBDB 6-50 CADDD 第二章 主谓一致 句子的谓语动词和句子的主语应在数方面保持一致。主谓一致的基本原则是:主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式;主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。句子的主语有以下几种类型: 1(带后置定语型。其谓语动词的形式依主语的单复数而定，与后置定语无关。 两个飞行员连同所有旅客都死于

34、这次空难。 2(部分整体型。其谓语的单复数，由整体部分决定。 of (整体) 1) 2)(of them)are of no value. 注:all单独作主语时，All指人谓语用复数。All指物或事情谓语用单数。 ( 1)All are eager to reach an agreement. 所有的人都急于达成协议。 2)All is going well. 一切都进展顺利。 3(定语仅能修饰单数名词型，其谓语动词用单数。 8 不止一个毕业生要求去中国西部工作。 那个男孩失踪已有许多天。 4(就近一致型。下列连词连接两个主语时，及there be句型有多个并列主语，谓语应与最靠近的主语保持

35、一致。 1) 不是你就是我要去车站接他们。 2) 3) 在他办公室有一台空调和二台电脑。 5(需记住的其他规则 1) 作主语，谓语用单数。 None of + n(复数)作主语，谓语用单数或复数均可。 None of + n(单数)作主语，谓语用单数。 Either of the answers is right. 两个答案中有一个是对的。 这些车都没有受损。 食物没有变质。 2)a number of + n(复数)作主语，谓语用复数。 the number of + n(复数)作主语，谓语用单数。 很多学生是南方人。 我校学生数已上升到3000人。 3)关系代词作主语，定语从句谓语动词的形

36、式取决于其先行词的单复数。 He is one of the few persons who have a good knowledge of Italian. 他是精通意大利语的少数人之一。 在以上句子中，persons是who的先行词，从句谓语动词用复数。 (比较) 他是这些孩子中唯一受到奖励的。 当one之前有the only修饰时，one是who的先行词，从句谓语动词用单数。 4)单个动名词，不定式或主语从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。 两个并列的动名词，不定式或主语从句作主语，谓语动词用复数。 decided yet.(一个不定式作主语) 我说什么，想什么与你无关。(两个并列主语从句作主

37、语) 9 5)each, any, every, no构成的复合代词都当作单数看待。 有人在打电话找你。 注:复合代词作主语，反意疑问句的主语通常用they，也可用he。 ? ? 6)以“s”结尾的书刊名、国名、机构名和学科名作主语，谓语用单数。 联合国建于1942年。 坎特伯雷故事集是乔叟写的。 Economics is my major. 经济学是我的主修课程。 7)某些形容词或分词和定冠词the连用表示某类人作主语，谓语用复数。 病人得到医治，失踪的也已找回来了。 8)由and连接两个单数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 English and Chinese are quite dif

38、ferent languages. 若and并列的主语在意义上指同一个人，同一概念或对立统一的事物，谓语动词用单数。 那位经理兼秘书整天忙忙碌碌。(两个名词共用一个冠词，指同一个人) 战争与和平是历史永恒的主题。(对立统一的一对事物) 9)单复数同形的名词如deer, means;集合名词如family作主语，如何决定谓语动词的单复数，请见第四章冠词。 10 11 Exercise 1 主谓一致 1(I, who your friend, will try my best to help you. A(be B(am C(is D(are 2(The United States must lo

39、ok out of the rights of citizens. A(its B(their C(ours D(us 3(So far as I know, more than one person connected with the accident. A(is B(has C(are D(have 4(Maths as well as physics always me to much trouble. A(causes B(puts C(cause D(put 5(Not only you and I but Peter, the top student in our grade,

40、not able to solve the problem. A(are B(were C(is D(am 6(There one or two things that I have to mention. A(is B(are C(has D(have 7( Either I or my accountant(会计)to blame for the loss ? A(Is B(Are C(Am D(Does 8(So far 70% of the poor in this area out of poverty(贫困)with the help of the local government

41、. A(has got B(are getting C(have got D(had got 9(Collecting stamps as a hobby increasingly popular during the past ten years. A(became B(becomes C(has become D(have become 10(Whether or not the new plan will produce any positive(积极的)results to be seen. A(remain B(is remained C(remains D(have remaine

42、d 11(Too much work and too little rest bad health. A(lead to B(leads to C(result in D(result from 12(He is the only one of those speakers who ideas perfectly clear. A(make their B(makes his C(express their D(express 13(Every possible means tried, but without much result. A(has been B(have been C(are

43、 D(is 14(Ten minutes an hour when one is waiting for a phone call. A(seem B(look C(seems D(looks 15(All we have seen and heard our memory. A(is deeply impressed on B(great impress C(are strongly impressed in D(highly impresses 1-5 BAABC 6-10 AACCC 11-15 BBACA 12 第三章 代 词 1(人称代词的主格在句中作主语 2(人称代词的宾格作动词和

44、介词的宾语 You cant trust 注1(主格，宾格均可作表语，在口语中用宾格较多 Who is knocking at the door ? Its 注2(作主语的人称代词孤立地使用在无谓语动词的句中，常用宾格 I want an apple. “What ! Me to say sorry to him ? No!” 注3(两个或两个以上的人称代词并列时，其顺序是: 单数按2，3，1人称排列;复数按1，2，3人称排列。 You, she(Mary)and I must attend todays meeting. I and Tom are to blame.该责备的是我和汤姆(在承

45、认错误或自我批评时，说话人一般把自己 放在他人之前讲。) 二、it的用法 1(代替已提到的事物或上文提及的情况 He bought a magazine and lent it to me. Her mother has died. It is a terrible shock to her. 她母亲死了。这对她打击很大。 13 2(用于It+be+n/adj句型中，说明天气、时间、距离等 It is freezing cold today. It is five minutes ride from here to the station. 3(未指明但谈话双方都明白的)那件事;那种情况。 -

46、 Do you like it here? - Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is nice. 4(代替性别尚不明的婴儿和小孩 She was holding a baby in her arms and it was crying. 5(作形式主语或形式宾语，代替作主语或宾语的不定式，动名词或从句 (it作形式主语) 我通常一天步行二英里。(it作形式宾语) .我的理解是，你和我看法不同。(it作形式宾语) ?注:少数动词，如take(理解)，hate，dislike，不能直接带宾语从句，须在动词和宾语从

47、 句之间，加形式宾语it。 5(It is/was that . 构成强调句，强调句中某一部分 (强调主语I) 三、物主代词 1(形容词性物主代词只能作名词的前置定语，不能单独使用 2(名词性物主代词单独使用，在句中作主语，表语和宾语 作主语 (Mine = My bike)is red. 作表语 This fault is yours, not hers. 这是你的过错，不是她的错。 作宾语 3(名词性物主代词与of连用构成双重所有格 1)表示部分概念 ()in the street. 2)表示强调 = your invention) )千万别信她的那个女儿。 四、反身代词 1(作动词或介词

48、的宾语 她一直在自学英语。 2(作表语 我今天身体不太好。 3(作主语或宾语的同位语，译“亲自”;“本人，自己” 市长将亲自调查这件事。 Youd better ask the patient 关于病人的病情，你最好问他自己。 4(反身代词的重要短语 14 I will be myself in no time. 请不要受拘束 自行取用，随意拿取 Help yourself to apples. No one was there, so she helped herself to all the money on the table. He came to himself a few minu

49、tes later. It is better to think for yourself. 独立思考，自己作出决定 Id be grateful (thankful) if you keep this information to yourself. 不把某事告诉别人 五、相互代词 each other一般指两者;one another一般指三者或三者以上。但现在可以通用，不加区别。在 句中仅作宾语，不能作主语。 We should care for each other and help each other. They often stay at one anothers houses.

50、 他们经常住在彼此的家里。 六、不定代词 1(some和any some及复合代词someone, something用于肯定句。 any及复合代词用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。 Some of the milk has gone bad. I havent any money on me. If anything unusual happens, let me know. 若发生异常情况，请告诉我。 注1(若表示请求，建议，尽管是疑问句，用some，不用any。 Would you like some more coffee ? Shall I bring some food to the p

51、arty ? 注2(any及复合代词也可用于肯定句，表示三者或三者以上中任何一个。 ( I think any of his movies would interest you. Which would you like, tea, coffee or wine ? Any will do. 随便哪一个都行。 2(each和every each用于强调两个或两个以上的人或事物中每一个。既可作定语，也可作主语和宾语。 ( Each of the boys has his strong and weak points. There is a bookstore on each side of th

52、e street. every(形容词)用于表示三个或三个以上的人或事物中每一个。在句中只能作定语。 ( I have read every book he lent me. 请注意以下不定代词的特殊用法或固定搭配 ? some修饰单数可数名词，相当于a certain 15 ?她有点像她的母亲。 ?他是一个出色的电脑专家。 ?她只不过是一个跳舞的。 (nothing but = only) ?听到这个消息他一点不高兴。 (anything but = not at all) 3(both, either, neither和all, any, none (两者中)无一;either(两者之中)

53、任何一个; 者以上中)任何一个。 作用:1)作主语 ( 2)作名词的定语 两个位子都空着。 3) tired of reading. 选择: Have you any money ? I need some badly. Sorry. at all. A. Nothing B. No one C. None D. A little 注 1.指带没有上文中提到的人或物， 用none. 2.none 不能做定语。下句是典型病句: Luckily, none passengers were injured in the car accident. 3. no one 仅指人; no one, not

54、hing 等不定代词不能接 “of + n.”结构 Everyone of us likes it. 判断下列句子是否正确。如果有错，请改正。 1( A B C D 2( A 16 B C D 3( A B C D 4(A B C D 5(边境)Westward across America probably A B C D A B C D a solid bank account. 7( A B C D 8( A B C D 9( A B C D 10( A B C D 另外，替代上述之事用that, this, it;替代下文要说的事，用this: Her mother was ill.

55、That / This is why she couldnt come. The problem is this:he is suffering from cancer. 4(one和that 1)one替代上文提到的同种类的人或事物，但非同一个人或物。 one = a + 单数名词。 What do you think of the watches ? Excellent. Im going to buy one. = I going to buy a watch like them. 其复数形式为ones。The white coats match the hat than the blu

56、e ones. 白色上衣比蓝色上衣更配这顶帽子。 one只能替代可数名词。若其有形容修饰，需加“a”;若其后有限制性后置定语，需加“the”。 ( 例1: 例2: 2)that替代上文提到的同种类的事物。 that = the + 单数名词，常用that of 结构。 例1:My seat was next to that of the mayor.(that = the seat) 例2:The air of a suburb is clearer than that of a city. 郊外的空气比都市的干净。 17 6( that可替代可数名词(例1)，也可替代不可数名词(例2)。其复

57、数形式为those。 5(疑问代词who, what, which 1)which既可指人，也可指物。表示在一定范围 B. anything C. something D. nothing 答案A 7(other, the other, the others, the rest, another 1)other (adj) 其他的，仅作定语，修饰复数名词。no / some / any / many other可修饰单数或复数名词 Can we settle this problem in other ways ? You have no other choice but to wait. I

58、 have many other questions to ask. Please come to my home some other time. 2)another同类中另一个 Would you like another cup of tea ? Give me another chance, please. 我还需要三美元。 3)others泛指其他人，别人或其他东西，常与some对照使用，表示“有的有的” It is like her to think of others. Some people believe in God; others dont. 4)the other 表示

59、两者的另一个。 He has two sons. One is thin and the other is fat. 5)the others / the rest 表示除去一部分其余的人或物。替可数或不可数名词。 Some of the boys went swimming, while the others lay on the beach, bathed in sunlight. 一些男孩去游泳，其余的躺在沙滩上沐日光浴。 18 用other, the other, the others, the rest, another填空: 1)I dont know pop music. So

60、I can hardly tell one song from 2)You might as well paint side of the wall white. 3)Perhaps he came here for reasons. 4)Some of the equipment is made in China; is introduced from Japan. 5)We must try to meet the needs of . Exercise 代 词 1. Shanghai is really a fascinating city and weve decided to sta

61、y for _ two weeks. A. another B. other C. the other D. others 2. -Do you like _ here? -Oh, yes, the air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. A. this B. these C. that D. it 3. I like _ in the autumn when the climate is clear and bright. A(it B(that C(this D(one 4. We considered _ logical(符合逻辑的)that not all plans can be put into practice. A(that B(quite C(it D(very 5. - Are the new rules worki