职称英语卫生类新增文章

《职称英语卫生类新增文章》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《职称英语卫生类新增文章（26页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2011年理卫生类职称英语教材新增文章阅读理解新增文章（共4篇）目录：第三篇(C级)：Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor第十八篇(B级)：Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics第二十四篇(B级)：Preventing Chlid Maltreatment第三十四篇(A级)：Be Alert to Antimicrobial Resistance第三篇Cooking Oil Fumes Cause TumorThe leading cause of lung cancer among women in the

2、city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking，said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer. They said patients are younger，especially women.According to the

3、 Shanghai Tumor research Institute，more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. Following breast cancer，it has the second-highest incidence rate.“An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer，”said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese M

4、edicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years. Among them，1,483 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke，according to the report.How

5、ever，more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term，close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about l irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of womens bedrooms were adjacent to2

6、the kitchen.However，local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods.“Unless my family and I dont eat at home every day，I must stay in the kitchen to cook， said Xu Li. a 45-year-old local woman. I know the fumes are bad

7、 for the skin，but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer .I have already started frying less.Doctors said womens lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition，but was closely related to family cancer history，unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune syste

8、ms.Other experts agreed with He.3Smoking is by far the biggest cause4 of lung cancer for men， said Dr Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan Universitys Medical College. Its true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.”Hes rese

9、arch also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling5 fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time，6 experts said.词汇：fume n.烟，气，汽 fry v.油炸，油煎tumor(=tumour)n.肿瘤 unventilated vt.使不通风cancern.癌瘤 ad

10、jacent adj.临近的breast/brest/n.乳房，胸dietary adj饮食的incidence n.发生(率) immune adj 免疫的diagnosis n.诊断 honorary adj.名誉上的;荣誉的inhale v.吸人 respiratory adj.呼吸的irritate vt.使疼痛，刺激 stall n.货摊注释：plain原意是“抱怨，诉苦”，但医学上常用complain about或complain of表示“主诉。2.aajacent to：与相毗邻，临近(地方)3.Other experts agreed with He.其他专家同意何医生的意见

11、。agree with sb：同意某人的意见。 agree with sth：同意什么东西。agree to do sth：同意做什么事情。4.by far the biggest cause：最最大的原因。by far是用来做形容词最高级the biggest的状语，对形容词最高级起强调作用。本来形容词最高级就已经是最高了，可是说话的人还要对它再强调出来，所以就相当汉语的“最最的意思。5.warned people not to stand near of stalls selling：警告人们不要站在卖的货摊附近。也可以说成“.warned people off stalls sellin

12、g.”。6.if exposed to the fume for a long time.如果长时间接触这种烟的话。expose sb.to sth.原意是“使(人)暴露于(物)”，但医学文献中常常用来表达“接触到(物)”的意思。此处if引导的条件状语从句相当于“if one is exposed to the fume for a long time”。练习：1.What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers?A Men are more likely to develop lung cancer than

13、 women.B Women are more likely to develop lung cancer than men.C Patients with lung cancer become older，especially males.D Patients with lung cancer become younger，especially females.2.Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai?A Heart disease. B Breast

14、cancer.C Infectious diseases.D Lung cancer.3.What symptoms may be complmned of by most women with lung cancer after long term.closecontact with cooking oil fumes?A Irritated eyes and throat. B Severe pain in both lungs.C Continuous cough and headache.D Difficulty in breathing.4.What was the local wo

15、mens reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer?A Happy. B Surprised.C Angry. D Careless.5.Which of the following has relatively little connection with womens lung cancer?A Family cancer history. B Unhealthy dietary habits.C Weak immune systems. D Personal health and phys

16、ical condition.答案与题解：1.D 文章第二段明确提到，肺癌的新趋势就是“病人更年轻，尤其是妇女”。2.B文章第三段说到，“肺癌排在乳腺癌之后，发病率第二高”，可见乳腺癌才是最常见的疾病。3.A文章第七段说到，“60%以上患肺癌的妇女都长期接触厨房油烟并主诉眼睛和喉咙疼痛难受”。4.B 文章倒数第七段明确说到，“当妇女们知道厨房油烟可以致癌时都很惊讶。5.D 回答此题时，首先要注意倒数第五段中的两处文字，即had few links to和was closely related to，其中link to意为connection with，而relate to则意为connect

17、with，都是“联系”的意思，只是few和closely的差别却很大。few和little一样，都是具有否定意义的词，意为 “很少，几乎没有，只是后面的名词分别为可数名词和不可数名词而已;它们与a few和a little不同，a few和a little具有肯定意义，意为“有几个”和“有一点”，后面的名词同样分别为可数名词和不可数名词。如果这一点明白了，也就很容易回答这道题了第十八篇Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly DiabeticsMost older people with so-called typediabetes could stop

18、 taking insulin if they would do brisk exercise for 30 minutes iust three times a week，according to new medical research results reported in the Copenhagen newspaper Berlingske Tidende on Monday.Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen Central Hospital Rigshospitalets Center for M

19、uscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the bodys ability to utilise insulin by 30 per cent，the newspaper reported.This is equal to1 the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication today，it said.Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with ty

20、pe II，all more than 60 years of age，exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months. After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects muscles could utilise as a measure for how well their insulin worked.2Associate Professor3 Dr. Hemming Dela of the Muscle Research

21、Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had just as high insulin utilisation as the healthy non- exercising persons.“This means that the insulin works just as well for both groups. Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes，4 but it can eliminate almost all their sympt

22、oms. At the same time it can put off5 the point at which they have to begin taking insulin or perhaps completely avoid insulin treatment，”Dela was quoted as saying.6Insulin isa hormone produced by the pancreas，controlling sugar in the body and used against diabetes.Dela said that to achieve the desi

23、red effect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to work up7 a sweat，but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off8 after five days without sufficient exercise.Most diabetics realise that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of9 the importance of

24、 exercise，Dela added.词汇：Insulin n.胰岛素 utilise(=utilize) vt.利用，使用diabetic adj.(患)糖尿病的;n.糖尿病患者 medication n.药物，药物治疗subject n.实验对象diabetes n.糖尿病;多尿症 utilisation(=utilization) n.利用，使用brisk adj.轻快的;活泼的，活跃的Copenhagen n.哥本哈根(丹麦首都) saying n.格言hormone n.激素muscle n.肌肉 pancreas n.胰(腺)注释：1.be equal to：等于2. as a

25、 measure for how well their insulin worked：作为测量他们的胰岛素工作状况如何的标志。从语法上分析，how引起的从句是for这个介词的宾语从句。3.associate professor：副教授4.cannot cure people of diabetes：不能治好人们的糖尿病。cure sb.of sth.：给某人医治某病。例如：This medicine should cure you of your cold.这药准能治好你的感冒。5.put off：推迟，延期6.Dela was quoted as saying：Dela的话像格言一样被人们所

26、引用。注意谓语是被动语态。7.work up：逐步引起，激起8.wear off：逐渐消失9.(be) unaware of sth.：不知道，没觉察练习：1.How could most elderly type II diabetics stop taking insulin?A By taking more salt.than usual.B By taking less salt than usual.C By doing brisk exercise for half an hour at least three times a week.D By going climbing，sw

27、imming or boxing every day.2.Physical exercise may increase the body ability to utilise insulin byA 70 per cent. B 30 per cent.C 60 per cent. D only a few per cent.3.The subjects of the research tests conducted at the Copenhagen Central Hospital includedA elderly non-diabetic men. B elderly type II

28、diabetic men.C both sexes of all ages. D both A and B.4.To what a degree have diebetics to exercise in order to achieve the desired effect?A To the degree where they begin to sweat.B To the degree where they feel exhausted.C To the point when they feel thirsty.D To the point when they have to take i

29、nsulin.5.According to Dela，among most diabetics the importance of exercise is the importance of watching their diet.A as poorly understood as B as well understood asC less understood than D better understood than答案与题解：1.C文章一开始就有此问题的明确答案。至于吃多少盐或者从事其他剧烈运动文章自始至终都没有提到。2.B 文章第二段说到，体育锻炼能将身体利用胰岛素的能力提高30%。3

30、. D此题答案在文章第四段，实验对象既有II型糖尿病患者，也有健康人，而且都是60岁以上的男人。4.A 文章倒数第二段说到，体育锻炼只要达到出汗的程度就能起作用。5. C最后一段明确说到，大多数糖尿病患者知道必须注意饮食，但却并不知道体育锻炼的重要性第二十四篇Preventing Child MaltreatmentChild maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences. There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of chil

31、d maltreatment.Data for many countries， especially low-and middle-income countries，are lacking.Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study. Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used. Nonetheless. international studies reveal that approximately 20

32、%of women and 5-10%of men report being sexually abused as children，while 25-50%of all children report being physically abused. Additionally，many children are subject to1 emotional abuse(sometimes referred to as2 psychological abuse).Every year，there are an estimated 31,000 homicide deaths in childre

33、n under 15.This number underestimates the true extent of the problem，as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to3 falls，bums and drowning.Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences. Maltreatment c

34、auses stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development. Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems. Consequently，as adults，maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural, physical and mental health problems. Via the behavioural and ment

35、al health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer，suicide and sexually transmitted infections.4Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment，there is an economic impact，including costs of hospitalization, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term healt

36、h costs.A number of risk factors for child maltreatmenthave been identified. These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment.It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and a

37、re never to blame for5 maltreatment. A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated ,such as being either under four years old or an adolescent ,being unwanted, or failing to fulfil the expectations of parents and having special needs, crying persi

38、stently or having abnormal physical features.6词汇：maltreatment n.虐待 impair vt.损害consequence n.结局，结果 via prep.通过，用prevalence n.流行 transmit vt.传染，传播approximately adv.大约，大概 likelihood n.可能性abuse vt &n.滥用;虐待 adolescent n.青春期之男孩或女孩homicide n.杀人attribute vt.归因于persistently adv.坚持地，持续地disruption n.扰乱注释： l.

39、be subject to：遭受2.be referred to as：被当做3.be attributed to：把归因于4. Consequently，as adults，maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural.physical and mental health problems.Via the behavioural and mental health consequences，maltreatment can contribute to heart disease，cancer，suicide and sex

40、ually transmitted infections.因此，那些曾被虐待的儿童，到了成人期，在行为、生理以及心理等方面出现疾病的危险性大大增加。通过行为和心理上对健康的影响，虐待又会导致其出现心脏病、癌症、自杀以及性传播疾病等。5.to blame for：因怪罪，责怪(某人)6.A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated，such as being either under four years old or an adolescent

41、，being unwanted，or failing to fulfil the expectations of parents and having special needs，crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.有几大特征会增加儿童受虐待的可能性，如四岁以下或正处于青春期，被觉得是多余的，或者不能实现父母的愿望，有特殊要求，不停地哭闹或者身体有异常等。练习：1. The difficult situation in the global estimates of the child maltreatment is

42、 due to the following factors EXCEPT according to the passage.A child maltreatment is a global problemB there is no exact date about low-and mid-income countriesC there is a shortage of the professional date collectorsD different scientists use different research methods2. Which of the following sta

43、tements is true according to the passage?A 20% of women got sexually abused in their childhood.B 25-50% of all children were reported to have been physically abused.C 25-50% of children were psychologically abused.D 60-75%of children were neglected by their parents.3.Many homicide deaths in children

44、 under 15 are wrongly categorized into the following types EXCEPT according to the passage.A drowning in swimming B diarrheaC burns D falls4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the bad impact caused by child maltreatment?A The child will behave badly in his memory of his childhood when、he gro

45、ws up.B Child maltreatment hurts his nervous and immune systems.C Child maltreatment damages his early brain development.D The child is easily affected by many diseases in his adulthood.5.The maltreated chidlren often bear all the following characteristics EXCEPT according to the passage.A they freq

46、uently and easily cryB they are in infants or in adolescent periodC they are often neglected by their parents or friendsD thev often try their best to meet the requirements from their parents答案与题解：1.C 文中第一段提到了虐待儿童是一全球问题，无法获得中低收入国家中儿童受虐数字资料，第二段开头提到了儿童受虐数字难以统计的另外一个原因，即研究方法的差异性，只有专业统计人员是否缺乏没有提及，因此答案为C。

47、2.B文中第二段对数字有明确说明。3.B 文中第三段指出每年15岁以下儿童死亡大概在31，000人，该数字大大低估了实际情况，是因为有相当多的由于受虐而导致死亡的儿童被归因为摔死、烧死、淹死。没有明确指出腹泻，因此可推断出该题答案为B。4.A 文中提到虐待儿童会导致其出现身体上的疾病，包括神经系统，免疫系统，大脑发育，以及成年后出现的疾病，但那没有提到是否会对其记忆力产生影响，因此，答案为A。5.D参见注释第三十四篇Be Alert to1 Antimicrobial ResistanceThe ability of micro-organisms to find ways to evade

48、the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue. Some bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics normally used for their treatment(multi-drug resistant bacteria)，so pose particular

49、difficulties，as there may be few or no alternative options for therapy. They constitute a growing and global public health problem. WHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to 1imit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains and to reinforce nat

50、ional policy on prudent use of antibiotics，reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.An article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases2 on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics. The article has dr

51、awn attention to the issue of AMR3(antimicrobial resistance)，and，in particular，has raised, awareness of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear，this development requires monitoring and further study to understand

52、the extent and modes of transmission，and to define the most effective measures for control.Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action include consumers，managers of hospitals，patients，as well as national governments. the pharmaceutical industr

53、y，and international agencies.WHO strongly recommends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the following areas like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance; rational antibiotic use，including education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics：int

54、roducing orenforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without prescription; and strict adherence to infection prevention and control measures. including the use of hand-washing measures，particularly in healthcare facilities.Successful control of multidrug-resistant microorg

55、anisms has been documented in many countries，and the existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can effectively reduce transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented.WHO will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies，and to coordi

56、nate international efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance will be the theme of WHOs World Health Day 2011.词汇：Evade vt.逃避，避开 prudent adj.慎重的，谨慎的Pose vt.提出 monitor vt.监控alternative adj.可供选择的(途径或事物) surveillance n.监视，监管rational adj.合理的，有理性的implement vt.实现，实施 adherence n.坚持

57、，固守strain n.种类 document vt.证明，支持reinforce vt.加强力量 relevant adj.相关的注释：1.be alert to：对警觉，注意2.The Lancet Infectious Diseases：柳叶刀一传染病期刊3.antimicrobial resistance(AMR)：抗菌药物耐药性练习：1.Why is the use of antibiotics arousing globally increasing interest?A. The misuse of the antibiotics has caused stronger bact

58、eria resistance and no new drugs against the bacteria are available at present.B The micro-organisms develop much faster than the past，so the researchers are more interested.C The antibiotics for multi-drug resistant bacteria are highly priced and there will be a big market for the drug industry.D T

59、he antibiotics has been found more powerful for the treatment of the multi-drug resistant bacteria.2.Which of the following is true of the article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases?A The issue of AMR led the scientists to be alert to the new human gene.B A new drug will be soon available f

60、or any multi-drug resistant bacteria.C A new strain has been found to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics.D AMR aroused the awareness of the scientists to the infections caused by the antibiotics.3. Who of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage to take cautious and proper action abo

61、ut the AMR?A Those who use antibiotics.B Those who sell antibiotics.C Those who produce antibiotics.D Those who study in universities.4.All the following recommendations to the governments from WHO is true EXCEPTA education to the users of antibiotics.B control on the use of antibiotics in health fa

62、cilities.C introduction of new regulations on the sale of antibiotics.D limit on the hospitals to store more antibiotic drugs than they Can use.5.What can you infer from the passage?A WHO can only recommend the governments to control and prevent the transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms.B E

63、ven with the new strains against the existing antibiotics，the transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms is still under control.C Without the support from WHO，no country can be safe in the war against the transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms.D WHO will spare no effort in antimicrobial resistance in 2010 and will set a special day for it in 2011.答案与题解：1.A文中第一段指出，有些致病菌对现有的抗生素产生了一定的耐药性，而目前有效的替代药物还没有出现，这是一个棘手的问题，因此引起了全球关注。因此，答案为A。