初三英语上全册练习12

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1、中考复习系列一 词汇一、中考对词汇的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1、能正确拼写大纲词汇表中的常用单词；2、掌握大纲词汇表中所列全部单词的词文，并了解其词类（词性）；3、了解构词法的基本知识，并根据此知识判断常用词的合成词与派生词的词义和词类，例如：drive driver, use useful；4、正确理解现行教材课文中出现过的短语与习语；正确使用及辨析其中比较常见的短语和习语；5、理解词类转化，例如：water (n.) water (v.)二、词汇考查点分项说明：1、掌握大纲词汇表，了解词类1）大纲词汇表中所列的词汇基本上为1至6册课本中所列的四会单词（即书后单词表中不带任何符号的单词）

2、。要求同学们把所列单词的词义完全掌握。在此基础上，了解其词类（词性）。尤其注意要在情景中运用该词，而不是孤立地去记忆某个单词。2） 针对大纲词汇表中的常用单词，一定要能做到正确拼写。该项知识常以单词拼写的形式来考查学生，但一般无难题，基本属于送分题。出题范围主要是大纲中的一、二级词汇，也有可能出现非大纲词汇，但一般为常用词汇，尽管不在大纲中出现，却通常在课文中出现过。请看以下几道例题：1. Shanghai is a large c t in China.2. Adam often helps me a lot. He is my best f nd.3. I cant carry the b

3、ox. Its too h v .4. The man is very poor. He had no m n to buy food.5. -How often do you play football? - Tw a week.6. My grandparents like growing flowers. They w t the flowers everyday.7. Summer is the hottest s son in the year.8. - Can you sp the word?- Yes. T-A-B-L-E, table.9. He was so excited

4、that he couldnt f l asleep last night.10. Everyone had a good time at the party. It was a p_ _ _ s _ _ _ evening.( Key 1. city 2. friend 3. heavy 4. money 5. twice 6. water 7. season 8.spell9. fall 10. pleasant )3） 了解英文的词类：英语中的单词根据词义、句法作用和形式特征所作的分类。共有十类：名词、代词、数词、冠词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词、感叹词。词类英语名称（简称）意 义例

5、 词名词Nouns (n.)表示人、事物时间、地点或抽象概念的名称Johnroom冠词Articles (art.)用于名词之前，帮助说明名词的含义a anthe数词Numerals (num.)表示数量或顺序ninefirst代词Pronouns (pron.)代替名词、数词以避免重复themeverything形容词Adjectives (adj.)表示人或事物的属性或特征goodinteresting副词Adverbs (adv.)修饰动词、形容词、其它副词或全句，表示行为特征或性状特征almostbravely动词Verbs (v.)表示动作、状态或性质standbe介词Preposi

6、tions (prep.)用于名词或代词之前，表示名词、代词与其它词之间的关系nearfrom连词Conjunction (conj.)连接单词、短语、从句或句子andbut感叹词Interjection(interj.)表示说话时的语气或感情hellooh在上述的十大词类中，名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、动词等具有明确的意义，可以在句中独立充当句子成分，称为实义词。介词、连词和冠词只能起联系或辅助的作用，都不在句子中担任任何成分，称为虚词。感叹词一般不构成句子的一部分，通常作独立成分。2、了解构词法的基本知识 在英语中，一个单词往往与其它词在结构上有联系，把这些联系的规律总结出来就是构词法

7、。构词的方法主要有派生、转化和合成等三种。1) 派生法 在一个单词前或词尾加上一个词缀，从而变成一个新词的方法叫做派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫前缀，加在单词后的词缀叫后缀。1常用前缀 前缀意义例词un-不unknown未知的unhappy不高兴的 dis-不，否定dislike不喜欢 discover发现 re-再，重复retell复述 mid-中mid-night半夜 mid-term期中 mis-误会misunderstand误会bi-双bicycle自行车 il-不，非illegal非法的 in-不，非informal非正式的 im-不，非impossible不可能的 ir-不，非irre

8、gular不规则的 inter-间，相互international国际的 tele-远telephone电话2常用后缀 后缀意义例词-er动作者，人teacher教师-or动作者，人visitor参观-ian人musician音乐家-ess女性actress女演员-ese人，语言Chinese中国人，汉语-ese (地方、人)的Japanese日本（人）的-hood身份、状态childhood童年-ity（抽象名词） ability能力-th过程，结果death死亡-ness状态、性质happiness快乐-ship状态、身份friendship友谊-tion动作、状态action行为-ure

9、动作、结果pleasure快乐-an（地方、人）的Canadian加拿大人（的）-ed 有，像talented有才华的-en的wooden木制的-ern (表示方向)southern南方的-ful充满meaningful有意义的-less 不、无useless没用的-ly地carefully细心地-en使变得weaken削弱、（使）变弱-fy使化satisfy（使）满意-ize,-ise使化modernize（使）现代化-teen 十几thirteen十三-ty几十thirty三十-th第ninth第九（二）转化法转化法是指基本不改变单词的词形，而将其转用为另一词类词。单词转化后的意义常与转化

10、前的意义有密切的联系。 May I have a look ? 我可以看一看吗？（动词转化为名词） Let him have a try. 让他试试。（动词转化为名词） Can we book the tickets ahead? 我们能提前定票吗？（名词转化为动词） The hall can seat thousands of people. 大厅能坐数千人。（名词转化为动词） She had to busy herself with housework. 她不得不忙于家务活。（形容词转化成动词） Youd better empty the bottle first. 你最好把瓶子先倒空。（

11、名词转化为动词） Its necessary to know the difference between right and wrong. 有必要知道对错之间的区别。（形容词转化成名词） They often help the poor. 他们经常帮助穷人。（形容词转化成名词） We began to drive north. 我们开始向北行驶。 （名词转化成副词） There were lots of ups and downs in his life. 他的一生中有许多的起起落落。 （副词转化成名词）（三）合成法 把两个或两个以上的单词合成为一个单词，这种构词法成为合成法。1合成形容词

12、He is a white-collar clerk. 他是一名白领职员。 He is an open-minded leader. 他是一名思想开明的领导。 What a kind-hearted girl! 多幺好心的女孩！ This is a good-looking a table. 这是一张好看的桌子。 Taking a taxi is time-saving. 乘坐出租车很省时。 He has heard the heart-breaking news. 他已经听说了这个令人心碎的消息。 Its dangerous to walk on this ice-covered road.

13、 行走在这条被冰覆盖的路上是很危险的。 How much is the hand-made model? 那个手工制作的模型多少钱？ Chinese people are hard-working. 中国人民是勤劳的。2合成名词 This is our classroom. 这是我们的教室。 Do you often play basketball? 你经常打篮球吗？ Her handwriting is much better than mine. 她的书法比我的要好得多。 The waiting-room is quite crowded. 候车室里相当拥挤。 The water in t

14、he swimming-pool is clear, like a blue mirror. 游泳池里的水很清澈，像一面镜子。 Please look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。 He plants lots of flowers in his green-house. 他在温室里种了许多花。 They are playing games on the playground. 他们在操场上做游戏。 The get-together will begin at 8:00 pm. 联欢会将于晚上八点开始。 He is my brother-in-law. 他是我的姐夫。 Im

15、 not a good-for-nothing. 我并不是一个无用之人。 The plant is called forget-me-not. 这种植物叫含羞草。3合成动词 Please air-dry the paper. 请将纸风干。 He is undergoing great suffering. 他正在遭受巨大的痛楚.。 Its hard to white-wash the huge wall. 粉刷这面大墙是很难的。 The man was blacklisted. 这个人被列入了黑名单。4合成副词 She lives downstairs. 她住在楼下。 If you look

16、eastwards, you can see the sea. 如果你往东看，能够看到大海。3、正确理解现行教材课文中出现过的短语与习语；正确使用及辨析其中比较常见的短语和习语；1）初中阶段比较常见的短语：同学们应该根据自己手头的现行教材，将1至6册中出现过的常见短语进行归纳总结，对于其中比较容易混淆的短语要弄清楚它们之间的区别。2）初中阶段比较常见的习语有：1. too to 2. so. that3. Its time for sb. to do sth. 4. both. and. 5. eitheror6. neither nor7. not until8. not only but

17、also9. as as10. not as (so) as11. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 12. Its good (bad) for13. as soon as 14. used to do 15. some others16. be angry with17. be different from 18. one the other19. take sb. to a place 20. Thank you for doing sth. 21. get ready to do sth. 22. one of23. get on well with

18、24. sb. spend on25. buy for26. be interested in27. Youd better28. ask sb. (not) to do sth. 29. enjoy doing 30. be good at4、理解词类转化在英语中，不少词可以属于几个词类，如water( 水、浇水；名词和动词)；work（工作；动词和名词），fast（快；形容词和副词），since（自从；介词和连词）等。三、巩固练习 根据句意补全单词中所缺字母，使补全后的句子通顺、合理。l. What colour is Anns skirt? Its r_d. 2.We often pla

19、y g_mes after school. 3.Put your r_ler and your pen in the pencil-box. 4.My parents work f_ ve days a week. 5.There are a lot of cars and buses in the str_t. 6.Dont open the wind _ . Its cold outside.7.How do you usually go to school? By b_ k _.8.There are a lot of flowers in the g _ d _.9.Winter co

20、mes after a _ n.10. Trees turn gr_n in spring.11. L_sson One is easy.12. Can you make a c_ke?13. This box is small. Give me a b_g one.14. A d_g is running after a cat.15. We cl_n the classroom every day. 根据句子意思完成单词，单词的第一个字母已给出1.If you are ill , you must go to h_ .2.We all know Beijing is the c_ of C

21、hina .3.D_ ,25th is Christmas Day .4.We can see s_ at night when its fine .5.You can come here b_ 8:00 and 9:00 tomorrow .6.I hope you have a good time on you j_ .7.Could you tell me w_ the nearest post office is ? 根据句意用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1.There are two _in the basket. (egg)2.This is my pencil. That one

22、 is _. (your)3.Who is _, Tom, Mike or Jack ? (tall)4.We live on the _ floor. (twenty)5. I can see three _ on the desk. (pen)6. This room is _. It isnt yours. (our)7. “Can I borrow your ruler?” “Certainly. Here _ are.” (your)8. Lin Lin is the _ in our class. (young)9. We live on the _ floor. (seven)1

23、0. Li Lei is _ than Lin Tao. (old)11. The Changjiang River is the _ river in China. (long)12.Wei Hua gave me two_ yesterday.(book) 13.That pen isnt yours. Its _ .(her) 14.The _ lesson is very easy.(six) 15.John is _ than Sam.(tall) 16.Can you help _ with my English? (I) 根据汉语提示完成句子1、我用了两个小时修车。It _ me

24、 two hours _ _ the bike.2、直到妈妈回来时，他才完成作业。He _ finish his homework _ his mother came back.3、他和我都不是老师。 _ he _ I am a teacher.4、他从小就对数学感兴趣。 He became _ in maths when he was _.5、你最好乘火车。Youd _ _ a train.6、是时候上车了。Its time to _ _ the bus.7、珠江是中国的第三最长的河流。Zhujiang river is _ _ _ _ in China .三、巩固练习参考答案 根据句意补全

25、单词中所缺字母，使补全后的句子通顺、合理。1. red 2. games 3. ruler 4. five 5. street 6. window 7. bike 8. garden9. autumn 10. green 11. Lesson 12. cake 13. big 14. dog 15. clean 根据句子意思完成单词，单词的第一个字母已给出1. hospital 2. capital 3. December 4. stars 5. between 6. journey 7. where 根据句意用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1. eggs 2. yours 3. the tallest 4. twentieth 5. pens 6. ours 7. you 8. yourself9.seventh 10. older 11. longest 12. books 13. hers 14. sixth 15. taller 16. me 根据汉语提示完成句子1. took, to mend/ repair/ fix2. didnt, until3. Neither, nor4. interested, young5. better take6. get on7. the third longest