高三英语复习阅读理解解题技巧课件.ppt

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1、Some language points in Unit13,1.应得,值得deserve vt. 2.控告,谴责accuse vt. 3.愿望,渴望,期望desire n. /v. 4.使不安,心烦,打翻upset v. /n. /adj. 5.减轻,宽慰,缓和relief n. 6.躲避,避难,保护shelter vt./vi./n 7.证实,坚定,使有信心confirm vt. 8.献身于,专心致志于devote vt. 9.说服某人(不)做某事talk, persuade,argue,1.deserve sth./to do sth/to be done/ doing(主表被) 2.a

2、ccuse sb. of (doing) sth. charge sb. with sth 3.desire sth./(sb.) to do sth./ that +(should) +do 4.upset sb./ sth./ be upset about/over sth. 5.to ones relief/ relieve sb. from anxiety relieve sb. of/from sth. 6.under the shelter of/ shelterfrom 7.confirm sth./that/ It is/has been confirmed that. 8.d

3、evote sth. to (doing )sth./oneself to(doing)sth. be devoted to sb./sth. 9.talk/persuade/argue sb. into doing sth./out of doing sth./ persuade sb. to do sth.,高三英语复习：阅读理解解题技巧,黄朝鹏,福建高考考试说明里阅读理解的要求:,(1)理解文章主旨要义 (2)理解文中具体信息 (3)根据上下文推断生词的词义 (4)作出简单判断和推测 (5)理解文章的基本结构 (6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度,任何一篇文章都有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第

4、一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义。从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么(即文章的主题)，也会了解作者希望读者了解主题哪些方面的内容。有时则需从文章的字里行间进行推断。这类试题主要考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，它对考生的归纳、概括能力(如确定文章的标题)有一定的要求。,高考阅读理解“主旨要义题”通常是考查考生选择恰当的标题、概括中心思想和段落大意的能力. 主旨要义题要求考生具有很强的话语篇章把握能力和分析能力，能够从全局的角度对文章括以总领，梳清脉络。可以说，对阅读理解主旨题的把握能力决定了阅读这个整体题项的成败，它也是衡量阅读水平高低的一个重要标尺。所以，如果我们

5、在这个题上能够取得突破，就等于是攻克了阅读当中最顽固的堡垒，其它类型的题也就不在话下了。所谓主旨大意题指针对段落或短文的subject(主题)、main idea(主题思想)、title(题目)或purpose(目的)拟题。尽管题型或用词不尽相同，但所针对的都是段落（或短文）的主旨大意。,以下是针对段落（或短文）的主旨大意所设立的常见题型：,1. What is the main idea of this paragraph(passage)? 2. What is the authors main point? 3. The main idea (central thought)of the

6、 paragraph (passage) is_. 4. Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea? 5. What does the paragraph (passage)mainly suggest? 6. The main point of the paragraph(passage) is_. 7. The paragraph (passage)centers on the point that_. 8. The author seems to be especially interested in_.

7、9. The topic sentence of the paragraph(passage)? 10. What topic is treated in this paragraph(passage)?,11. What the paragaph (passage) tells us would be summarized by the sentence? 12. The best summary of the paragraph (passage) is that 13. The paragraph (passage) informs us that- 14. We can infer f

8、rom the paragraph (passage) that- 15. What does this paragraph (passage) imply? 16. What is the subject of this paragraph (passage)? 17. Which of the following can be concluded from the information presented in this paragraph (passage)? 18. What conclusion can be drawn from this paragraph ? 19. The

9、(main) subject of the paragraph (passage) is_? 20. Which of the following best states the theme of paragraph (passage)?,在各类英语考试阅读理解题中，主旨要义题所占比例较大，几乎每一文章都设 一个主旨题。出题者意在通过此题考查考生语篇能力。那么，怎样才能准确地把握住短文的主旨大意呢？从以下的实例说明我们便可得到满意的回答。 抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾。 主题句往往对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用，主旨大意题，归纳概括题，中心思想题

10、往往直接可从主题句中找到答案。,Can you find out the topic sentence?,The panda is a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in

11、demand in zoo gift shops.,抓住了主题句，文章的最佳标题也就不难确定了。,One dollar for changing a new part sounds reasonable（合理的）, but the $ 29,999 is exactly the value of wisdom and knowledge. The best title for the passage should be_ . A. The Value of Knowledge B. Helpless Workers C. The Expensive Machine D. The Lucky F

12、actory 文中的最后一句是整篇文章的主题句，也就是文章的标题，即：The Value of Knowledge知识的价值，A为正确答案。,主旨大意题解题方法与步骤：,略读法(skimming)是理解全文大意的快速而有效的方法，略读的关键是能抓住文章要点的前提下，以个人最快的速度阅读，主要目的是尽快获得足够的信息以便准确的回答问题，利用略读法去做阅读时，要特别注意首尾两段，要学会寻找文章段落的主题句，这是高效省事地抓住段落要点的捷径，同时也是准确理解文章大意的有效途径。在做题时要注意以下步骤： 1先看问题，看是否有和主旨相关的题目，了解题目类别和提问方式。 2再看文章首尾和各段开头，找出主题

13、句或通过浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨。 3以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气或意图等其他深层次问题。,此类题型的问题以what、who、which、when、where、how或why等词引导，就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节设问并要求考生回答：如：,The Internet can show you a lot of jobs all over the world. If you want to find a job on the Internet, use the words job searchoremploymentto find the websites you need. （ ）

14、What does the passage tell you to do first if you want to find a job on the Internet? A. To type in job search“ to find the websites. B. To write a good resume. C. To prepare for an interview D. To get an English dictionary 这是一道典型的事实询问题，因为它的答案可以直接从文段中找到。根据第二句话，可以得知A为正确答案。,在一篇文章中，细节的描写一般有五种类型，事实性细节，

15、描写性细节，说明性细节，比较活对比性细节以及说理性细节.,1事实性细节 这类细节描写指作者在叙述某事时使用的事实或数据 。如2006年 全国高考I A 篇 Normally, greyhounds can be as tall as 90 cm. There is, however, a small-sized greyhound, which stands only 33 cm. Greyhounds come in a variety of colors. Grey and yellowish-brown are the most common. Others include black,

16、 white, blue, red and brown or a mix of these.,2描写性细节 这类细节描写通常是用来表达某种情绪与感情或某种印象，叙述亲眼目睹的一些事情等06全国,pride get in your way. Most of us can forgive each other when differences are brought out in the open. Second, apologize when youre wrong even if youve been wronged. Over the course of friendship, even t

17、he best people make mistakes. Sometimes, it may be best if the wronged person takes wrong. Third, see things from your friends point of view(观点). And finally, accept that friendships changes as our needs and lifestyles(生活方式) change. Making friends can sometimes seem easy The hard part is keeping the

18、 connections strong during the nature ups and downs that have an effect on all relationships. My suggestion: Consider friendship an honor and a gift, and worth the effort to treasure and nurture(培养).,3 说明性细节 这类细节描写在作者以解说或介绍的方式来说明事物或告诉人们如何做事，这类细节条理清楚，过度自然，因此在这类细节描写中常出现一些过渡词，如： first, second ,finally,

19、 also ,for example ,for instance ,otherwise ,moreover ,therefore ,on the contrary ,on the other hand ,then ,now 等。,Attitude is an internal（内在的）state that influences the choices of personal action made by the individual（个人）. Some researchers consider that attitudes come from differences between belie

20、fs and ideas; others believe that attitudes come from emotional states. Here, we focus on the effects of attitudes upon behavior, that is, upon the choices of action made by the individual.,4. 比较或对比性细节 对比是指出同类事物的不同之处，或者是对两种不同的观点的对比；而比较则是把两种或多种事物相比较指出其相同的地方。如：2006天津高考E篇,5 说理性细节 为了使主题思想为读者所接受，往往需要陈述理由

21、。如：2006 天津高考C 篇,Some children are natural-born bosses. They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. Stephen Jackson, a Year One student, “operates under the theory of whats mine is mine and whats yours is mine,” says hismother. “The other day I bo

22、ught two new Star Wars light sabers（剑）。 Later, I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones.”,事实细节题解题技巧 解答此类题时，考生需要先抓住问题中的关键词，然后迅速回到原文中找到这一细节，再把细节所在段落仔细阅读一遍，与所给选项核对，分析，判断，得出答案。 1.若针对特殊标点符号（破折号，引号，冒号），举例子，名人名言出题，只需要阅读符号，例子，名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。 2.在出现一些关键词，如however, but,

23、 moreover, therefore, thus,时， 要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。 3.细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项 4.选项中表达意义较具体，或肤浅表达了字面意思的，一般不是答案，而概括性的，抽象，含义深刻的是答案 5.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。这些语气词有：must, never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no, completely, none, hardly,等。选项中有不十分肯定的语气词一般是答案。这些词有：could, may, often, should, usually

24、, might, most, more or less, likely, possible等 6.（尤其在议论文中）那些符合一般常识，意义深刻有哲理，属于普遍现象的选项往往是答案 7.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提及.,词汇量的多少往往直接影响着阅读速度及理解能力，但如果拥有一些猜词的基本常识，则会达到事半功倍的效果。词义猜测法是一种通过上下文的种种提示来猜出生词含义的方法, 这种方法一般适用于词义猜测题型。词义猜测题型旨在考查学生的英语词汇量, 以及对文章中生词的理解能力。针对这种情况, 学生解题时, 应该通过生词上下文的语言环境进

25、行词义猜测。 猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。,a. 定义法,It will be very hard but also very brittle.that is, it will break easily. 从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。,b. 同位法,They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old

26、 times. 同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即“城堡”。,c. 对比法,She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天“第一节上了一半才来”，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。,d. 构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等),Perhaps, we can see some possibilities

27、 for next fifty years. possibility 是 possible 的同根名词， 据此可以断定 possibility 意思是“可能性”。,e. 因果法,The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again. 从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为“永远的，永久的”。,推理型问题主要包括以下几大类：对作者态度、语气、风格、

28、倾向的推理，对作者意图、主题思想的推理，对数字的推断，对文中细节的推断等。,针对作者态度、语气、风格、倾向的推理作者写文章时，经常持有某种态度或倾向。 作者的语气和态度往往并不直接在文章中写出来。有时通过全文的叙述，考生可以从文章中领悟作者的观点；有时可以通过对作者使用的词汇(多为形容词和副词)的分析，来推断出作者的态度和感情，例如作者对某一观点是赞成还是反对，是主观批评还是客观陈述。,对作者意图、主题思想的推理。,考生可以利用确定中心思想(主旨)的方法先确定短文的主题和大意，然后分析句子之间的关系，在全面理解原文的基础上，推测出作者的写作意图和目的。,对数字的推断,考生要先在短文中找出问题所

29、涉及的数字和文字，然后根据题目要求对各数字进行推算。考生应注意，有的题目只要求找出相关的数字，有些题目则要做简单的计算。,Come and see the Indian elephants and the new tigers from America. The bears are waiting to meet you, and the monkeys from China are waiting to throw things at you. The lovely dogs from Australia are waiting to laugh at you, and the giraff

30、es from Zambia are waiting to look down on you. Tickets Opening time Grown-ups: $ 3 9:00 am - 4:00 pm Children: Over 12:$2 except Friday Under 12: Free 10:00 am - 3:00 pm,How much does Mr Smith have to pay if he visits the zoo with his sons of fourteen and ten? A. $2.00 b. $5.00 C. $4.00 D. $3.00,2.

31、 Which of the following is the visiting time? A.8:30 am, Wed B. 9:30 am, Fri C. 2:00 pm, Sun D. 4:00 pm, Tue 通过阅读我们发现布告中的所有数据都是有用的，那么关键词是：grown-ups, children, over 12, under 12, opening time, except Friday。第一题中Mr Smith是成人，须买3块钱的门票，他一个14岁的儿子需买2块钱的门票，另一个不满12岁的儿子可免票，所以Mr Smith先生需花5块钱，B是正确答案。第二题C是正确答案。,

32、对文中细节的推断。,作者为了说明一个主题或者观点，肯定会做出一系列论述或解释，采用方式可能是举例、论证、摆事实或讲道理、提出问题或者指出事件的原因等。这种题型常常集中对文章中某一点或几点、某一方面或几方面、某一部分或几部分提出问题。回答这类问题时，考生应首先仔细阅读原文以确定推理依据的范围，然后按题意进行推断。,例文： The early settlers in the Massachusetts Bay Colony and in Virginia were drawn largely from the rural areas of England. Few actual paupers a

33、nd few of the really rich were among them. Nevertheless, exclusively members of what today would be described as the rural middle -class did not people the colonists. Many settlers were so poor that they paid for passage across the Atlantic by selling their freedom for a given number of years; pover

34、ty forced others to leave their native lands for the New World against their will.,Many settlers were so poor that they paid for passage across the Atlantic by selling their freedom for a given number of years,It can be inferred from the passage that some settlers were able to pay for travel to the

35、New World by A) disguising themselves as wealthy merchants B) falsifying their ancestors wills C) drawing and selling portraits of upper-class Europeans D) working for other people for several years,对于该问题，文章有提示，即文章的最后一个句子。我们可以从该句子中they paid for passage across the Atlantic by selling their freedom fo

36、r a given number of years所包含的信息，推断出“这些人为了过大西洋需要去挣钱，其方式就是为别人打工，出售自己的自由”。故选D是正确的。,对考试大纲中提出的理解文章的基本结构的要求，往往通过篇章结构题来考查。考生要学会把握文章的脉络，理解段落层次之间的关系，弄清作者的写作方法。英语的文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章的开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，主题句根据段落的写作手法的不同可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。段与段之间常用词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯，逻辑严密。为突出主题作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻

37、阐明主题观点。高考对这类题型的考查主要体现在以下几个方面：,1确定指代关系。最常见的提问方式是：The underlined word “they/it/” in paragraph refers to 2对句子意义或作用的理解。最常见的提问方式是：The sentence “ ” in paragraph means .; The example of in para.is used to illustrate/show . 3对段落大意或段落作用的理解。最常见的提问方式是：The last paragraph mainly tell us that ; The purpose of wri

38、ting Paragraph is,4对文章组织结构的理解。最常见的提问方式是：How is the passage organized? What may be the next topic of the passage? 5选择句子填入短文中的空缺处。这类命题方式在上海、广东等地方高考模拟试题中频频出现。 做这类题必须了解文章的结构，把握文章的脉络，弄清句与句之间、段与段之间、句与段落之间的逻辑关系。看看05年高考题中的几个例题,领会作者的观点、意图和态度也是阅读理解题中较难解答的问题。回答这类题首先要在阅读过程中注重体会和觉察的观点、意图和态度。这种信息有时是直接表达的，但更多的是间接、

39、含蓄的流露。不过，的这种主观情感和态度往往和全文的主题和要点联。所以，在根据主题和主旨的同时，应注重揣测的观点、意图和态度。,下面是这类题的一些常用的提问方式：,1. The authors main purpose in this passage is 2. The authors purpose of writing this passage is _ 3. In this passage the authors attitude toward .could best be described as 4. What is the authors attitude toward 5. The

40、 authors main thought is that _ 6. The author probably feels that 7. The author appears to feel that 8. Which of the following does the author want to illustrate in discussing .？ 9. In this passage the author looks on . with an attitude of 10. What is the tone of the passage？ 11. What is the authors opinion about .？ 请看例题,阅读理解解题技巧总结,thank you,