英语复习资料统招专升本

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1、英 语2010年统招专升本 词汇篇掌握约3000个基础英语单词和相应的常用词组。词汇考试主要是考单词和词组搭配。 英语的构词方法有三：合成（composition）,派生（derivation）和转换（conversion）. 第一节 合成 合成：合两个或两个以上的词而成为一个新词的构词方法。 1. 复合名词的主要构成方式 1）名词名词 classroom教室，newspaper 报纸 2）形容词名词 blackboard黑板,highway 公路， 3）动词名词 break-water防波堤 4）副词名词 outbreak爆发，overcoat 大衣 5）代词名词 he-goat公山羊，sh

2、e-wolf 母狼 6）动词副词 break-down崩溃 7）名词介词短语 editor-in-chief 总编辑, father-in-law岳父 2. 复合形容词的主要构成方式 1）名词形容词 snow-white 雪白的,world-wide全世界的 2）形容词形容词 bitter-sweet 又苦又甜的，blue-green 绿里发蓝的 3）副词形容词 ever-green 常绿的 4）名词分词 snow-covered 白雪盖着的，hand-made 手工制作的 5)形容词分词 good-looking 好看的 6）副词分词 well-meaning 好意的，well-inform

3、ed消息灵通的 7)形容词名词 second-hand旧的，用过的，第二手的 8）形容词名词-ed open-minded 胸襟开阔的，white-haired白发的 9）数词名词（ed） two-faced 两面派的， 3. 复合动词的主要构成方式 1）副词动词 overcome克服，uphold支持，主张 2）名词动词 sun-bathe行日光浴 第二节 派生 在一个单词前或后加上一个词缀，变成一个新词，这种构词的方法叫做派生，词缀有前缀和后缀两种，加在单词前的词缀，叫前缀，加在单词后的词缀，叫后缀。 一、前缀现将最常用的一些前缀（按字母顺序）举例如下： anti- 反对 anti-Jap

4、anese war抗日战争 arch- 主要的 arch-enemy 主要敌人 auto- 自动的 automobile 小汽车，autobiography自传 bi- 双 bicycle 自行车，bilingual 用两种语言的 by- 在旁 bystander 旁观者，by-product副产品 co- 共同 co-operation合作，co-existence 共处 counter- 反 counter-attack 反攻， de- 除去，否定 decentralization分散，不集中 dis- 否定 discover发现，disorder混乱，杂乱 en-, em- 使成为 en

5、able使能够，enslave奴役，encourage鼓励 ex-前 ex-president前任主席、总统或大学校长 extra- 外 extraordinary非常的，格外的 for-, fore- 先，前，预 forward向前，foresee预见，forearm前臂 for- 禁，弃 forbid禁止，forget忘记 in-, il-, im-, ir- 不，非 informal 非正式的，incomplete不完全的， irregular不规则的 inter- 间，相互 interview会见 mal- 恶 maltreat 虐待 micro- 微 microscope显微镜 mi

6、d- 中 mid-night半夜， mid-autumn中秋的 mis- 误 misunderstand 误会， misuse误用 multi- 多 multi-national 多民族的 non- 非，不 nonexistent不存在的 post- 后于 post-war 战后的， pre- 先于 pre-war战前的 pro- 赞成，亲善 pro-American 亲美的 re- 重，再，复 review 复习 sub- 下，次 subdivide细分，再分 super- 上，超 super-structure 上层建筑 tele- 远 telephone 电话，telescope望远镜，

7、television电视 trans-横过，转移 transformation改造，translate翻译 un- 不 unable不能的，unimportant不重要的，untrue不真实的 uni-一、单 uniform 划一的二、后缀 1名词后缀 -age状态，集合 marriage婚姻，shortage缺少，village村庄 -an人 American美国人，Italian意大利人，意大利语，African非洲人 -ance,-ancy性质，状态 importance重要性，significance意义 -ant, -ent人 assistant助手，助教， student学生 -a

8、tion, -ition动作，状态 determination决心，industrialization工业化，preparation准备 -craft技巧，工艺 handicraft手工艺 -dom （状态，领界） freedom自由，kingdom王国 -ee （被动） employee雇员 -eer 人 engineer工程师， volunteer志愿者 -ence, -ency（抽象名词） dependence依靠，不独立，excellence卓越 -er人，动作者 fighter战士，worker工人，writer作家，harvester收割机 -ese 人，语言 Chinese中国人

9、，中文，Japanese日本人，日文 -ess女性 actress女演员，princess公主，hostess女主人，女乘务员（飞机上） -ful 充满 handful一把，armful一抱（这些词亦可作为复合词看） -hood身份，境遇，状态 childhood童年，likelihood可能性 -ian 人 musician音乐家，technician技术员 -ity （抽象名词） possibility可能性，capability能力 -man 人 Englishman英国人，postman邮递员（这些词亦可作为复合词看） -ment运动，结果 movement运动，development

10、发展 -ness 状态，性质 kindness和善，carefulness小心 -or人，动作者 actor男演员， editor 编辑，tractor拖拉机 -ry, -ery 行为，工作，性质，工作地点，货物种类，境遇等 bravery勇敢，nursery托儿所，cookery烹调 -ship 状态，身分 friendship友谊，hardship苦难 -tion 动作，状态 attention注意，action行动，revolution革命 -ty （抽象名词） cruelty残酷， loyalty忠实 -ure结果，动作 pleasure快乐，pressure压力 2形容词后缀 abl

11、e,-ible能够 unforgettable难忘的，responsible负责的 -al的 cultural文化的，national国家的 -an （地，人）的 Russian 俄罗斯的，俄罗斯人的，American美国的，美国人的 -ed 有，象 talented有才华的 -en 的 golden金色的，wooden木制的 -ern （表示方向的） northern北方的，eastern东方的，southern南方的，western西方的 -ese（地，人）的 Chinese中国的，中国人的，Japanese日本的，日本人的 -ful 充满 careful小心的，beautiful美丽的，

12、powerful强有力的 -ic, -ical的 economic经济的，political政治的，grammatical语法的 -ish 属于，稍微 bookish书本气的，yellowish稍黄的，selfish自私的，childish幼稚的 -ive性，倾向 active 积极的， collective集体的 -less无 fearless无所畏惧的，careless不小心的，useless无用的，meaningless无意义的 -like如 childlike儿童般的（亦可作为复合词看） -ly 品质，的 friendly友好的，weekly每星期的，manly丈夫气的，daily每天

13、的 -ous多 nervous神经紧张的，dangerous危险的 -some引起，适于，易于 troublesome烦人的，tiresome（令人感到厌倦的） -ward 向 backward落后的 -y 充满，性质 rainy雨的，snowy雪的，handy手巧的，便于使用的 3动词后缀 -ate isolate使孤立， -en deepen加深，strengthen加强 -fy simplify简化，classify分类 -ize, -ise industrialize工业化 4. 副词后缀 -ly carefully小心地，beautifully美丽地，quickly迅速地 -ward

14、, -wards向 forward向前，backward向后，upwards向上，downwards向下 -wise方式 likewise同样地，otherwise否则，用另一种方式 第三节 转换 转换：将一个单词由某一种词类转用为另一种词类的构词方法。单词转换后的意义往往与未转换前的意义有密切的联系。 1名词转化为动词 elbow由“肘”转义为“用肘推挤” back由“背，后面”转义为“支持，后退” 2形容词转化为动词 slow由“慢”转义为“放慢” 3动词转化为名词 to take a walk 散步 to have a look看一看 to have a try 试一试 4形容词转化为名

15、词 the wounded 受伤的人们， the beautiful美丽的东西，the blind盲人们 5 其他词类转化为名词 a must必须做的事情，ups and downs高低起伏，ins and outs问题的底细 词汇考试重点 考生除在学习中扩大词汇量外，还应注意词语的搭配、近义词的区别以及由同一个词构成的不同词组之间意义的区别。 1The news is _ good to be true. A） sothat B） much C） too D） very 2Dont hesitate to _ me if you are in trouble. A） turn out B）

16、turn in C） turn to D）turn up 近义词之间的区别在于词的内涵不同。如，汉语中的错误对应着英语中的mistake和fault, 但两个词的内涵不一样， mistake单纯指所犯的错误，而fault则侧重于追究责任。 There must be some mistakes in this bill; please add up the figures again.（add up 加起来） Whose fault is it that were late? 我们迟到是谁的错？（责任在谁） 有的近义词之间的区别在于词性不同或在句子中的用法不同。 1He likes _ que

17、stions in English classes. A） to rise B） rising C） to raise D） to arise 2I _ have coffee than tea. A） like more B） prefer C） had better D） would rather 3Mary and Jane are twin sisters. They look exactly_. A） like B） same C） alike D） same ones 习题精选 考试的重点是词汇之间的搭配，和近义词之间的区别。 1 Driving a car is not as d

18、ifficult as you imagine, if you _ the rules. A） depend on B） turn to C） put up D） stick to 2In my opinion, the changing job market will _ people many difficulties. A） find B） bring C） take D） get 3 Since the two restaurants _ almost the same food and service, it doesnt matter where you stop to eat.

19、A） offer B） cook C） prepare D） afford 4 When he applied for a _ in the office of the local newspaper, he was told to see the manager. A) profession B) position C) career D) location 5 Margaret was so _ for news of her lost child that she was almost driven mad. A） careful B）responsible C） thirsty D）

20、hostile 6 It is not polite to _ when someone is making a speech at a meeting like this. A） turn up B） cut in C） speak out D） stand by 7 The boss _ angry when I spoke to him on the phone. A） sounded B） looked C） grew D） talked 8 All of her living cost _2,000 yuan each month. A） gets to B） equals to C

21、） arrives at D） comes at 9 Her face is _ to me, but I cant remember where I saw her. A） similar B） friendly C） alike D） familiar 10 Jump in the car. Theres enough _ for you. A） place B） seat C） room D） space 11 It wasnt an accident. He did it on _. A） reason B） determination C） purpose D） intention

22、12 Youll have to pay for the holiday in _, Im afraid. A） front B） advance C) ahead D) forward 13 The bookstore hasnt ordered _ textbooks for all the students in the course. A) enough B) plenty C) as much as D) a great deal of 14 As I didnt have any experience, I was _ problems. A) likely to have B)

23、probably having C) probable to have D) likely having 15 David may _ , but we must go at once. A) stay late B) stay lately C) stay a little D) have stayed very late 16 I dont think that your watch is _. A) worth of the price B) worth the price C) worthy of the price D) worthy to buy 17 _, its very ti

24、dy. A) As her room is small B) Small as her room is C) As small her room is D) Small as her room 18 As _ as possible he opened the door and went out into the cold December night. A) quiet B) quietly C) quite D) quietly 19 I felt thoroughly _ in the crowded Manhattan. A) wondered B) lost C) missed D)

25、 separated 20 The city has decided to _ all the old buildings. A) break away from B) get rid of C) come up with D) knock down 21When the school master is away, Mr. Johnson will be _ the whole school. A) in charge of B) in favor of C) in honor of D) in regard to 22 In his speech he _ his experience a

26、s a teaching assistant. A) returned to B) referred to C) stuck to D) turned to 23 He tried his best in the first game, but was _ by the little boy. A) won B) hit C) beaten D) held 24 I wanted to go home but my wife _ on going to the concert. A) persisted B) resisted C) insisted D) intended 25 The go

27、vernment gave several good _ for increasing the tax on cigarettes. A) purposes B) reasons C) questions D) problems 26 Four people were seriously _ in the accident. A) injured B) damaged C) spoiled D) broken 27 He spoke so quickly that I didnt _ what he said. A) listen B) catch C) miss D) receive 29

28、In Britain, the best season of the year is probably _ spring. A) later B) latter C) last D) late 30 How _ is it from here to the city center? A) long B) far C) distant D) near 31 I wanted to go there by plane but I hadnt enough money to pay for the _. A) journey B) distance C) road D) way 32 Her par

29、ents wouldnt _ her to stay out later than 10:30 at night. A) require B) ask C) encourage D) permit 33 Last Sunday, _ my great surprise, I met Bullen in town. A) for B) to C) as D) at 34 Most Chinese like to drink tea. But some prefer coffee _ tea. A) to B) with C) for D) against 35 Im in no _ this e

30、vening to listen to his silly jokes. A) feeling B) attitude C) opinion D) mood 36 Tennis is a _ invented by an Englishman a hundred years ago. A) play B) match C) game D) event 37 Thats the biggest _ he has ever told in his life. A) talk B) speech C) lesson D) lie 38 _ that the jewels had been stole

31、n by one of the guards. A) It turned up B) It turned out C) It turned on D) It turned over 39 Im tired, but lets go. Why _ rest a while? A) lets B) not lets C) not D) lets not 40 We wont be finished until tonight. And they _. A) will, either B) wont, too C) will, neither D) wont, either 41 _? A cup

32、of tea, please. A) Do you like tea B) Do you like a cup of tea C) Would you like a cup of tea D) What would you like to drink 42) Do you mind if I open the window? _. A) Sure, certainly not B) All right C) I dont know D) Not at all 语法篇第一节 名 词 一、可数名词与不可数名词名词分可数与不可数两种。可数名词表示某类人或东西中的个体。如table, country。

33、或表示若干个体组成的集合体。如 family, people, committee, police。不可数名词表示无法分为个体的实物。如air, tea, furniture, water。或表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。如work, information, advice, happiness。有些名词在一种场合下是可数名词,在另一种场合下是不可数名词。如：room 房间（可数），空间（不可数）time 时间（不可数），次数（可数）fish 鱼（不可数），各种各样的鱼（可数）比较下列例句:There are nine rooms in the house. （房间，可数名词）Ther

34、e isnt enough room for us three in the car . （空间，不可数名词）不可数名词的数量可以通过在其前面加单位词来表示。如：一块肉 a piece of meat两条长面包 two loaves of bread三件家具 three articles of furniture一大笔钱 a large sum of money二、可数名词的复数形式可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。名词复数的构成如下：1一般情况下在名词后加-s。如：girls, books。（浊辅音、元音结尾，s发z）2以s, x , ch, sh结尾的词在名词后加-es。如：glasses,

35、boxes, matches, bushes。（以s, x , ch, sh结尾,es发iz）3辅音字母+y结尾的词，变y为i再加-es。如：city-cities, country-countries。4以o结尾的词多数加-es。如：heroes, tomatoes, potatoes。radios, zoos, photos, pianos, kilos 例外。5f, fe 结尾的词，多数变f，fe为v再加-es。如：thief-thieves, leaf-leaves, half-halves, life-lives, wife-wives, knife-knives。少数名词有不规则的

36、复数形式。如：man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, child-children, mouse-mice。（可数名词复数一般情况下考不规则复数形式。）个别名词的单数和复数的形式是一样的。如Chineses, Japanese, sheep, deer。三、名词的所有格名词的所有格表示所属关系， 起形容词的作用。当名词表示有生命的东西时，所有格一般是在词尾加 s 。如：Jeans room, my daughter-in-laws friends, my daughters-in-laws friends, childrens books。如

37、果名词已经有了复数词尾s, 则只需加。如：the teachers books, my parents car。时间名词的所有格在后面加s ，复数加 。如：todays newspaper, five minutes walk。当名词表示无生命的东西时，所有格常由of短语构成。如：the top of the world, the cover of the book, Chinas capital。加 s 或 的名词所有格可以表示店铺或某人的家。如：the grocers, the tailors, the Smiths 。名词所有格考试常见部分是：名词表示没有生命的东西时，不能直接在其后加s

38、。时间名词所有格在其后加s，或复数名词后直接加。四、名词在句子中的作用名词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语，有时可以作状语。名词、代词或其他结构作主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。1主语是可数名词单数时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。All roads lead to Rome.（条条大路通罗马。）His brother is an industrial engineer.The number of the students attending the party is increasing.the number of 表示数量，无论后面名

39、词是复数还是单数，谓语动词是单数形式。Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me.two-thirds 三分之二几分之几作主语，谓语是单数形式。belong to 属于某人Both of us are studying English.总结：在名词作主语时，the number of 谓语动词单数形式；几分之几，谓语单数形式；both 谓语使用复数形式。2主语是不可数名词、不定式或动名词词组、从句时，谓语动词用单数形式。All the money he received was given to his mother.Forgetting the past mea

40、ns betrayal.What we are talking now is useless.3主语部分若有as well as, with, together with, like, but, except等短语，谓语动词的单、复数与短语前面的名词一致。Mary, as well as her two sisters, is a student of this school.（as well as her two sisters 作主语Mary的主语补足语，主语 Mary 是单数，所以谓语动词用复数形式）No one except my friends knows anything abou

41、t it.4表示时间、距离、重量、价值等的复数名词作主语时，如果当作整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。+()=算式中的谓语动词也用单数形式。Three times two is six.Three kilometers is 3,ooo metres. (three kilometers作为整体来看）5Either, neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Neither of us has been to Italy.Has either of them been to Shanghai?none代表可数的人或东西时，谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数，代表不可数的东西时，谓语动词用单数形式。N

42、one of the students have/has seen the film.None of the money belongs to me.6主语由eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also连接时，谓语形式由最邻近的主语决定。Not only you but also I am wrong.Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon.Either you or she is to do the work.7主语中有and，如果表示单一概念，谓语动词用单数。The bread and butter

43、 is nice.8主语前有many a, more than one修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。Many a book has been read by the students.many a book=many books More than one person has been to the Great Wall.9集合名词作主语，当作整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式，当作每个独立的个体看待时，谓语动词用复数。The committee meets once a year. (作为整体）The committee are having a meeting now. （作为独立个体）Peo

44、ple, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。The police have come to arrest him.名词部分考试重点1可数名词与不可数名词里，哪几个词是不可数名词。2可数名词复数形式重点掌握不规则形式，单、复数相同的名词。3名词所有格重点掌握时间名词所有格在其后加s,复数加。4名词在句中的作用，重点掌握刚才的9点。考点测试1Ten days _ long enough for Mr. Carter to finish his design. He doesnt need any more.A) is B) has been C) was D) had been2 Now,

45、 many people use the word Ms instead of Miss or Mrs, for example, before the names of _ in business letters.A) woman manager B) women manager C) woman managers D) women managers3 The number of students who failed the chemistry examination _ to fifteen.A) have increased B) has increased C) is increas

46、ed D) are increasing4 Neither John nor his father _ able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train.A) was B) were C) would be D) have been5 The room is eight _ long.A) foot B) foots C) feet D) feets6 When autumn comes, the _ of trees begin to fall.A) leafs B) leafes C) leaves D) leaf7 The f

47、lood has done _ to this area.A) damages B) many damages C) much damage D) damaging8Not only the students but also their teacher _ at the meeting.A) was present B) were present C) have been presented D) has been presented9 One of the things she wrote about _ life on a small farm at the beginning of t

48、he century.A) is B) was C) are D) were10 Only about one out of twelve of the young men and women of this country _ college education.A) receive B) receives C) have received D) have been received11 Never before _ so many people been engaged in producing goods just for the comfort of man.A) has B) hav

49、e C) will D) would12 At the bus stop _ a soldier and two young people on their way to North Carolina.A) were B) was C) is D) sits and waits13 There _ the last piece of cake and the last spoonful of ice cream.A) goes B) go C) gone D) was gone14 Mr. Brown, and not I , _ chosen to be the representative

50、 of the class.A) is B) am C) are D) have been15 The teacher, as well as a number of students, _ to attend the party.A) ask B) asks C) was asked D) were asked16 The hostess together with the guests of honor _ comfortably in the living room.A) was seated B) seated C) were seated D) were seating17 The

51、father, rather than the brothers, _ responsible for the accident.A) is B) are C) have been D) has18 Either Carol or Grace _ to the concert, but one of them has to stay home.A) is coming B) are coming C) will coming D) have come19 The total amount of money _ 100 dollars.A) is B) are C) has D) have20

52、Great quantities of fish _ on high seas.A) is caught B) are caught C) catch D) is catching21 Either of the young ladies _ perfectly qualified to teach Greek and Latin.A) is B) are C) has D) have22 Having studied your report carefully, I am convinced that neither of your solutions _ correct.A) are B)

53、 is C) had D) will23 In some countries each of the citizens _ to decide government policies.A) helps B) help C) are helped D) is helped24The nurse added_ to the medcine to make the ease for the child to take.A) some sugar B) some sugars C) a sugar D) sugars25 I like your furniture very much.Thank yo

54、u. We bought _ in Beijing.A) the most of them B) the most of it C) most of them D) most of it26 Jim was upset last night because he had to do too_.A) many homework B) a few homeworks C) few homeworks D) much homework27 Im going away for a _.A) holiday of a week B) week holiday C) holiday week D) wee

55、ks holiday第二节 冠 词冠词是一种虚词，只能附着在名词上帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分为定冠词（the）和不冠词（a或an）两类，定冠词表示特指，不定冠词表示泛指。a. 用于读音以辅音开头的词前面，an用于读音以元音开头的词前面。如：a university, a useful book, an umbrella, a horse, an honest man。一、不定冠词的基本用法1表示一的含义。Give me a pen please.We go shopping twice a week.2泛指某个人或东西。Yesterday we visited an English secondary school.She picked up a magazine and began to read.3表示一类人或东西。He works as a language teacher in that university.As a writer, he is successful.Eve