GJ180-壳体零件加工工艺及钻左侧面2-M6和Φ11沉孔8的三个孔夹具设计参考素材
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机械专业外语翻译机械专业外语翻译外语翻译Open CNC systemOpen CNC system is the development of numerical control system can be run in a unified platform for machine tool manufacturers and end users, by changing, adding or cutting out the structure object (NC function) to form a series, and easily the users special integration of applications and technical know-how to the control system, quickly realize the different varieties and different grades of open CNC system, form a distinctive brand personality. The open numerical control system architecture specification, communication specifications, configuration specifications, operating platform, function libraries and CNC numerical control system software development tools, system function is the core of the current study. Network numerical control equipment is well-known international machine tool fair the past two years, a new bright spot. NC network equipment will greatly satisfy the production lines, manufacturing systems, manufacturing information integration needs of enterprises, but also achieve new manufacturing model, such as agile manufacturing, virtual enterprises, global manufacturing the base unit. Some well-known at home and abroad, and CNC CNC machine tools manufacturing companies have introduced in recent years related to new concepts and prototype, as in EMO2001 exhibition, Japan Yamazaki Mazak (Mazak) that the company exhibits CyberProduction Center (intelligent production control center, referred to as CPC); Japan Okuma (Okuma) Machine Company exhibited IT plaza (Information Technology Square, referred to as IT Plaza); Germanys Siemens (Siemens) that the company exhibits Open Manufacturing Environment (open manufacturing environment, referred to as OME), etc. , reflecting the CNC machining direction of the network trend. 1.4 The emphasis on new technical standards, rules 1.4.1 The establishment of norms on the numerical control system design and development As mentioned earlier, open CNC system has better versatility, flexibility, adaptability, scalability, the United States, the European Community and Japan States have to implement the strategic development plan, and an open architecture CNC system specification (OMAC, OSACA, OSEC) research and development, the worlds three largest economies in the short term were almost the same standard of scientific planning and development, foreshadowed a new CNC technology coming period of change. China also started in 2000, ONC CNC system in Chinas research and development of regulatory frameworks. NC on the NC Standard 1.4.2 standard is the development of manufacturing information of a trend. CNC technology 50 years after the birth of the exchange of information is based on ISO6983 standards, which adopts the G, M code describes how (how) processing, the essential characteristics of process-oriented, obviously, he can not meet modern CNC technology high-speed development.开放式数控开放式数控系统就是数控系统的开发可以在统一的运行平台上,面向机床厂家和最终用户,通过改变、增加或剪裁结构对象(数控功能),形成系列化,并可方便地将用户的特殊应用和技术诀窍集成到控制系统中,快速实现不同品种、不同档次的开放式数控系统,形成具有鲜明个性的名牌产品。目前开放式数控系统的体系结构规范、通信规范、配置规范、运行平台、数控系统功能库以及数控系统功能软件开发工具等是当前研究的核心。 网络化数控装备是近两年国际著名机床博览会的一个新亮点。数控装备的网络化将极大地满足生产线、制造系统、制造企业对信息集成的需求,也是实现新的制造模式如敏捷制造、虚拟企业、全球制造的基础单元。国内外一些著名数控机床和数控系统制造公司都在近两年推出了相关的新概念和样机,如在EMO2001展中,日本山崎马扎克(Mazak)公司展出的“CyberProduction Center”(智能生产控制中心,简称CPC);日本大隈(Okuma)机床公司展出“IT plaza”(信息技术广场,简称IT广场);德国西门子(Siemens)公司展出的Open Manufacturing Environment(开放制造环境,简称OME)等,反映了数控机床加工向网络化方向发展的趋势。 1.4 重视新技术标准、规范的建立 1.4.1 关于数控系统设计开发规范 如前所述,开放式数控系统有更好的通用性、柔性、适应性、扩展性,美国、欧共体和日本等国纷纷实施战略发展计划,并进行开放式体系结构数控系统规范(OMAC、OSACA、OSEC)的研究和制定,世界3个最大的经济体在短期内进行了几乎相同的科学计划和规范的制定,预示了数控技术的一个新的变革时期的来临。我国在2000年也开始进行中国的ONC数控系统的规范框架的研究和制定。 1.4.2 关于数控标准 数控标准是制造业信息化发展的一种趋势。数控技术诞生后的50年间的信息交换都是基于ISO6983标准,即采用G,M代码描述如何(how)加工,其本质特征是面向加工过程,显然,他已越来越不能满足现代数控技术高速发展的需要。To this end, the international research and development is a new CNC system standard ISO14649 (STEP-NC), the aim is to provide a specific system does not rely on a neutral mechanism to describe the product life cycle of a unified data model in order to achieve the entire manufacturing process, various industrial fields as well as the standardization of product information. STEP-NC may be the emergence of a revolution in the field of numerical control technology, the development of numerical control technology for the manufacturing sector as a whole, will have far-reaching impact. First, STEP-NC manufacturing presents a new concept, the concept of traditional manufacturing, NC machining program are concentrated in a single computer. Under the new standard, NC programs can be distributed on the Internet, which is open numerical control technology and network development. Secondly, STEP-NC CNC system can also reduce processing drawings (about 75%), processing the time (about 35%) and processing time (about 50%). At present, Europe and the United States attaches great importance to the research STEP-NC, the European launch of the IMS STEP-NC program (1999.1.1 2001.12.31). To participate in this program are from Europe and Japan 20 CAD / CAM / CAPP / CNC users, vendors and academic institutions. U.S. STEP Tools is a global exchange of data within the software development industry, he has developed for the exchange of information of CNC machining super model (Super Model), whose goal is a unified specification describes all the process. Such new data exchange format has been equipped with SIEMENS, FIDIA and the European OSACA-NC NC system is verified on the prototype. 2 pairs of numerical control technology and industrial development of the basic estimates of numerical control technology started in 1958, nearly 50 years of development can be divided into three phases: the first from 1958 to 1979, that closed development stage. At this stage, due to blockade of foreign technology and our basic conditions, numerical control technology development is relatively slow. The second stage is in the states June, July and during the Eighth Five-Year Period, the introduction of technology, digestion and absorption, the initial set up phase of the localization system. At this stage, the reform and opening-up and national attention, and research and development to improve the environment and the international environment, Chinas numerical control technology research, development and localization of products have made great progress. The third stage is in the states August and the later during the that the implementation of industry research, market competition stage. At this stage, Chinas domestic numerical control equipment industry has made substantial progress. In the Ninth Five, the end made CNC machine tools in the domestic market share of 50%, with domestic CNC system (popular) also reached 10%.为此,国际上正在研究和制定一种新的CNC系统标准ISO14649(STEPNC),其目的是提供一种不依赖于具体系统的中性机制,能够描述产品整个生命周期内的统一数据模型,从而实现整个制造过程,乃至各个工业领域产品信息的标准化。 STEP-NC的出现可能是数控技术领域的一次革命,对于数控技术的发展乃至整个制造业,将产生深远的影响。首先,STEP-NC提出一种崭新的制造理念,传统的制造理念中,NC加工程序都集中在单个计算机上。而在新标准下,NC程序可以分散在互联网上,这正是数控技术开放式、网络化发展的方向。其次,STEP-NC数控系统还可大大减少加工图纸(约75)、加工程序编制时间(约35)和加工时间(约50)。 目前,欧美国家非常重视STEP-NC的研究,欧洲发起了STEP-NC的IMS计划(1999.1.12001.12.31)。参加这项计划的有来自欧洲和日本的20个CAD/CAM/CAPP/CNC用户、厂商和学术机构。美国的STEP Tools公司是全球范围内制造业数据交换软件的开发者,他已经开发了用作数控机床加工信息交换的超级模型(Super Model),其目标是用统一的规范描述所有加工过程。目前这种新的数据交换格式已经在配备了SIEMENS、FIDIA以及欧洲OSACA-NC数控系统的原型样机上进行了验证。 2 对我国数控技术及其产业发展的基本估计 我国数控技术起步于1958年,近50年的发展历程大致可分为3个阶段:第一阶段从1958年到1979年,即封闭式发展阶段。在此阶段,由于国外的技术封锁和我国的基础条件的限制,数控技术的发展较为缓慢。第二阶段是在国家的“六五”、“七五”期间以及“八五”的前期,即引进技术,消化吸收,初步建立起国产化体系阶段。在此阶段,由于改革开放和国家的重视,以及研究开发环境和国际环境的改善,我国数控技术的研究、开发以及在产品的国产化方面都取得了长足的进步。第三阶段是在国家的“八五”的后期和“九五”期间,即实施产业化的研究,进入市场竞争阶段。在此阶段,我国国产数控装备的产业化取得了实质性进步。在“九五”末期,国产数控机床的国内市场占有率达50,配国产数控系统(普及型)也达到了10。Throughout the past 50 years of CNC technology development process, especially through four 5-year plan of research, on the whole achieved the following results. a. laid the foundation for the development of numerical control technology, the basic grasp of modern CNC technology. Our country is now basically understood from the NC system, servo drives, CNC host, plane and fittings based technology, which already has most of the technical basis for commercial development, part of the technology has been the commercialization and industrialization. b. formed a CNC industrial base. In the commercialization of research results and on the basis of some technology, such as the establishment of central NC, with a production capacity of aerospace CNC CNC system manufacturer. Lanzhou Electric Factory, NC Central and a number of servo systems and servo motor manufacturing plant and the Beijing First Machine Tool Plant, Jinan first machine tool factory hosts a number of CNC manufacturing facility. These plants basically formed a CNC industrial base. c. the establishment of a numerical research, development, management personnel of the basic team. Although the numerical control technology research and development and industrialization has made great progress, but we should also clearly understand that Chinas high-end research and development of numerical control technology, especially in the technology industrys situation and practical needs of China there is a large gap. Although the development of vertical fast in China, but the horizontal ratio (compared with foreign) not only the difference between the level of technology, the pace of development in some areas there are gaps, that some sophisticated CNC equipment, widening the gap between technical level. From an international point of view, on the level of numerical control technology and industrialization level is estimated as follows. a. the technical level, with foreign advanced level of about 10 to 15 years behind in technology is more sophisticated. b. industry level, market share is low, species coverage is small, there is no scale production; specialized features of lower production levels and complete; appearance quality is relatively poor; reliability is not high, lack of commercialization; CNC system made its own brand has not been established, the users lack of confidence. c. the ability of sustainable development, to pre-competitive research and development of numerical control technology, engineering weak; efforts to expand the field of numerical control technology is not strong; relevant standards research, development lags behind. The gap of the main reasons there are the following.纵观我国数控技术近50年的发展历程,特别是经过4个5年计划的攻关,总体来看取得了以下成绩。 a.奠定了数控技术发展的基础,基本掌握了现代数控技术。我国现在已基本掌握了从数控系统、伺服驱动、数控主机、专机及其配套件的基础技术,其中大部分技术已具备进行商品化开发的基础,部分技术已商品化、产业化。 b.初步形成了数控产业基地。在攻关成果和部分技术商品化的基础上,建立了诸如华中数控、航天数控等具有批量生产能力的数控系统生产厂。兰州电机厂、华中数控等一批伺服系统和伺服电机生产厂以及北京第一机床厂、济南第一机床厂等若干数控主机生产厂。这些生产厂基本形成了我国的数控产业基地。 c.建立了一支数控研究、开发、管理人才的基本队伍。虽然在数控技术的研究开发以及产业化方面取得了长足的进步,但我们也要清醒地认识到,我国高端数控技术的研究开发,尤其是在产业化方面的技术水平现状与我国的现实需求还有较大的差距。虽然从纵向看我国的发展速度很快,但横向比(与国外对比)不仅技术水平有差距,在某些方面发展速度也有差距,即一些高精尖的数控装备的技术水平差距有扩大趋势。从国际上来看,对我国数控技术水平和产业化水平估计大致如下。 a.技术水平上,与国外先进水平大约落后1015年,在高精尖技术方面则更大。 b.产业化水平上,市场占有率低,品种覆盖率小,还没有形成规模生产;功能部件专业化生产水平及成套能力较低;外观质量相对差;可靠性不高,商品化程度不足;国产数控系统尚未建立自己的品牌效应,用户信心不足。 c.可持续发展的能力上,对竞争前数控技术的研究开发、工程化能力较弱;数控技术应用领域拓展力度不强;相关标准规范的研究、制定滞后。 分析存在上述差距的主要原因有以下几个方面。a. awareness. NC Industrial process of domestic difficulty, complexity and characteristics of long-term lack of knowledge; on the market are not standardized, plus kill the blockade of foreign, institutional and other difficult to underestimate; on the level of application of CNC technology and capacity analysis is not enough. b. system aspects. From a technical point of concern when the issue of CNC multi-industry, from the systematic perspective of industry chain issues into account when the CNC industry less; not established a complete matching system of high-quality, comprehensive training, services, network support system . c. mechanisms. Bad causes the brain drain, but also restricts the line of technology and technology innovation, product innovation, and effective implementation of the planning constraints, are often the ideal planning, implementation difficulties. d. technology. Enterprises in technology innovation is not strong, the core technology, engineering capability is not strong. Standard machine behind the low level of numerical control system the new standard is not enough.a.认识方面。对国产数控产业进程艰巨性、复杂性和长期性的特点认识不足;对市场的不规范、国外的封锁加扼杀、体制等困难估计不足;对我国数控技术应用水平及能力分析不够。 b.体系方面。从技术的角度关注数控产业化问题的时候多,从系统的、产业链的角度综合考虑数控产业化问题的时候少;没有建立完整的高质量的配套体系、完善的培训、服务网络等支撑体系。 c.机制方面。不良机制造成人才流失,又制约了技术及技术路线创新、产品创新,且制约了规划的有效实施,往往规划理想,实施困难。 d.技术方面。企业在技术方面自主创新能力不强,核心技术的工程化能力不强。机床标准落后,水平较低,数控系统新标准研究不够。第 6 页 共 6 页
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