语言学专业词汇中英文对照版

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1、。语言学术语（英 - 汉对照）表 Aabbreviation缩写词，略语ablative 夺格，离格 accent 重音（符） accusative 宾格achievement test成绩测试acoustic phonetics声学语音学acquisition习得acronym 缩略语action process动作过程actor动作者address form称呼形式addressee受话人addresser发话人adjective形容词adjunct修饰成分附加语adverb副词affix词缀affixation词缀附加法affricate塞擦音agreement一致关系airstream

2、气流alliteration头韵allomorph词 / 语素变体allophone音位变体allophonic variation音位变体allophony音位变体现象alveolar ridge齿龈alveolar齿龈音ambiguity歧义analogical creation类推造字anapest抑抑扬格anaphor前指替代anaphoric reference前指照应applied sociolinguistics应用社会语言学appropriacy适宜性appropriateness 适宜性 得体性 approximant 无摩擦延续音aptitude test素质测试Arabi

3、c阿拉伯语arbitrariness任意性argument 中项 中词 主目 article 冠词articulation发音articulator发音器官articulatory phonetics发音语音学artificial speech人工言语aspect体aspirated吐气送气assimilation同化associative联想associative meaning联想意义assonance准压韵半谐音attributive属性修饰语定语auditory phonetics听觉语音学authentic input真实投入authorial style权威风格authoring

4、program编程autonomy 自主性auxiliary助词auxiliary verb助动词Bbabbling stage婴儿语阶段back-formation逆构词法base component基础部分behavioural process行为过程behaviourism行为主义borrowing借用 借词bound morpheme 粘着语素bounding theory管辖论bracketing括号法brevity maxim简洁准则bridging架接broad transcription宽式音标broadening词义扩大Brown corpus布朗语料库Ccalculabil

5、ity可计算性calque仿造仿造词语cancellability可删除cardinal numeral基数cardinal vowel基本元音case 格case grammar 格语法case theory格理论category范畴categorical component范畴成分causative使役的 使投动词center中心词central determiner中心限定词chain relation链状关系chain system链状系统choice选择choice system选择系统circumstance环境因子class词类class shift词性变换clause小句 从句

6、click吸气音 咂音clipping截断法closed class封闭类closed syllable闭音节animate 有生命的bilabial双唇音annotation注解bilabial nasal双唇鼻音antecedent先行词 前在词bilateral opposition双边对立anthropologicallinguistics人bilingualism双语现象类语言学binary division二分法anticipatorycoarticulation逆binary feature二分特征化协同发音binary taxonomy二分分类学antonomasia换称 代类

7、名binding制约antonym 反义词binding theory制约论antonymy 反义 ( 关系 )blade 舌叶 舌面前部appellative称谓性blank verse无韵诗applied linguistics应用语言学blending混成法cluster 音丛coarticulation协同发音coda 结尾音节符尾code 语码 信码cognitive psychology认知心理学cognitive system认知系统coherence相关 关联cohension衔接co-hyponym同下义词colligation类连结collocative meaning搭配

8、意义color word色彩词。1。color word system色彩词系统computer-assistedinstruction,conventionality常规性规约性command 指令CAI 计算机辅助教学conversational implicature会话common core 共核computer-assistedlearning,CALL含义common noun 普通名词计算机辅助语言学习conversational maxim会话准则communication交际conative意动的converseantonymy相反反义现象communicative comp

9、etence交际能concept概念conversion变换力conceptual meaning概念意义cooperativeprinciple,CP 合作原communicative dynamism, CD交际concord一致（关系）则性动力concordance共现关系coordinateconstruction并 列 结communicativelanguageteaching,concrete noun具体名词构CLT 交际语言教学法concurrent同时发生的coordination并列communicativeSentencePattern,conjugation词形变化c

10、oreferential互参的CSP 交际性句子模式conjunct连接副词coronal舌面前音communicative syllabus交际教学conjunction连接词corpus data语料库语料大纲conjunctionbuttressing连 接 词corpus (plcorpora)语料 素材communicative test交际性测试支撑corpus linguistics语料库语言学communicative-grammaticalconnotation内涵context上下文approach 交际 - 语法教学法consequent跟随成分countable可数（名

11、词）compact disk激光盘consonance辅音韵counterfactual proposition反事comparative degree比较级consonant 辅音实命题competence能力constant opposition不变对立couplet对句 对联complement补语constative表述的creativity创造性 原创性complementaryantonym互补反义constituent command成分指令Creole 克里澳尔语混和语词constituentproposition成 分 命cross-culturalcommunication

12、 跨complementary antonymy互补反义题文化交际关系constituentstructureanalysiscross-linguistic跨语言的complementary distribution互补成分结构分析culturally-specific文化特异的分布constituent成分curriculum教学大纲complex predicate复合谓语construct编制customizing定制的component 成分construct validity编制效度Dcomponential analysis成分分析construction构建dactyl 扬抑抑

13、格composite proposition复合命题constructivism构建主义Dani language达尼语compositionality复合性content analysis内容分析data retrieval, DR资料检索compound 复合词 复合句content validity内容效度database数据库comprehension理解content word实义词dative (case)与格computation计算context dependent语境依赖的dative movement与格移动computationallinguistics计 算contex

14、t of situation情景语境declarative陈述句语言学context语境decoding解码computational system计算系统contextual analyses语境分析deductive演绎的computer-assistedlearning, CALcontextual meaning语境意义deep structure深层结构计算机辅助学习contrastive analysis对比分析defeasibility消除可行性computer corpus计算机语料库control theory控制理论definite有定的computer hardware计

15、算机硬件controlledlanguage 有控 制的 语degenerate data无用的语料computer literacy计算机操作能言deixis 指称力convention常规 规约delicacy精密阶computer networks计算机网络conventionalmeaning 常 规 意 义denotation外延 指称computer system计算机系统规约意义dental 齿音。2。dentalization齿音化练软件exchange structure交际结构derivation衍生D-structureD 结构exhaustive穷尽的 彻底的deriv

16、ational affix衍生词汇dual 双数existent存在物derivationalmorphology派 生 形dualistic view二分观点existential存在句态学duality二重性existential process存在过程descriptive adequacy描写充分性Eexistential quantifier存在数量descriptivelinguistics描 写 语early Modern English早期现代英词言学语exocentric外向的design feature结构特征economy 经济性 简洁性exocentricconstru

17、ction外 向 结determiner限定词ejective爆发音构developing grammar发展语法electronic mail电子邮件experiential经验的deviant变体ElizabethanEnglish伊利莎白时experiential function经验功能deviation偏离 变异期英语experimentalpsycholinguisticsdevoicing清音化ellipsis省略（法）实验心理语言学diachronic linguistics历时语言ellipticalsentencestructure 省explanatory adequac

18、y解释充分性学略句子结构explicitgrammarinstruction,diachronic历时的embedded element 嵌入成分EGI 明显的语法教学法diacritic附加符号变音符emic 位学的expressionminimization表 达 最diagnostic test诊断性测试emotive感情的底程度dialect方言empirical经验主义的expressive表达的dialectology方言学empirical data经验主义的语料extended standard theory, EST扩digitized sound数字化语音empirical

19、 validity经验效度展标准理论dimetre二音步诗行empiricism经验主义extensive引申的 扩展的diphthong二合元音双元音empty category, EC空范畴extent-conditionformat程 度 条direct object直接宾语enabling skills使成技能化件格式direct speech, DS直接言语encoding编码external evaluation外部评估direct thought, DT直接思想end rhyme末端韵external qualifier外部修饰语directionality方向性endocent

20、ric construction内向结extrinsic sources of error外在discourse语篇 话语构的错误来源discourse analysis语篇分析话entailment蕴涵eye movement眼部移动语分析entry condition入列条件Fdiscourse interpretation语篇理epenthesis插音 增音face validity卷面效度解equipollent opposition均等对立facilitation便利 促进discrete分离的 离散的equivalence相等Fasolddiscrete-point grammar

21、离散语法equivalencereliability相 等 信feasibility可行性discrete point test分立性测试度feature特征disjunction分离关系error analysis错误分析feedback反馈displacement移位EST 科技英语felicitycondition适宜性条件dissimilation异化（作用）ethnicity identity民族认同恰当条件distinctive feature区别性特征ethnography of communication交feminine阴性distinguisher辩义成分际民族学ficti

22、on小说do-insertion rule do添加规则etic 非位的素的figurativelanguage 比喻 性语 言domain范围 领域event process事件过程象征性语言dorsal舌背音 舌中音example-basedmachinefigures of speech修辞手段 修辞dorsum舌背（音）translation基于例句的机器翻译格double comparative双重比较exchange error 交换错误finite element有定成分drill-and-practicesoftware操exchange sequence 交际序列finite

23、有定的有限的。3。finite state grammar有限状态语functionsoflanguage语 言 功graphitic form文字形式法能Gricean maxim Grice准则first-personnarrator第一人称fusion溶合group 词组叙述者fuzzy模糊的guttural腭音Firthianphonology弗斯音系学GHflap 闪音gender difference性别差异half-rhyme半韵flexibility灵活性 变通性general linguistics普通语言学hard palate硬腭floppy disk软盘generali

24、sation概括head 中心词中心成分focus焦点 中心generative grammar生成语法headed construction中心结构folk etymology俗词源学民间词generative semantics生成语言学heptameter七音步诗行源genitive 属格 所有格hierarchicalstructure等 级 结foregroundedfeatures突 出 特genre体裁 语类构征German 德语hierarchical system等级系统foregrounding突出 前景话given (information)已给信息hierarchy等级

25、体系foreignlanguage teaching外语教global task整体任务high 高（元音）学glottal喉音historical linguistics历史语言form 形式glottal stop喉塞音学formal difference形式差异goal目标holophrastic stage单词句阶段formalization形式化government theory支配理论homonym 同音 / 形异议词formation形成government支配Hopi Hopi语formative构形成分构词成分grammatical analysis语法分析horizonta

26、l relation链状关系free form自由形式grammatical function;Horn scale霍恩阶free indirect speech, FIS自由间grammaticalstructure语 法 结human cognitive system人类认知接言语构系统free indirect thought, FIT自由gradable antonymy分等级的反义human language人类语言间接思想关系human speech 人类言语free morpheme自由语素gradual opposition渐次对立human translation人译free

27、 rootmorpheme 自 由 词 根 语grammaticalcategory 语法范畴hypercorrection矫枉过正素grammatical concept语法概念hyponym 下义词free variant自由变体grammaticaldescription语 法 描hyponymy 下义关系free verse自由韵文写hypothesis假设French法语grammatical form语法形式hypothesis-deduction假设-演frequency effect频率效应grammatical marker语法标记绎fricative（摩）擦音grammat

28、icalmeaning语 法 意Ifriction摩擦义iamb 抑扬格front舌面前 舌前的grammatical organization语法组iambic pentameter抑扬格五音步fullyautomatichighquality成诗行translation, FAHQT全自动高质量grammatical pattern语法类型IC analysis直接成分分析法翻译grammatical process语法过程ICALL (intelligent CALL)智能计function word功能词grammatical rule语法规则算机辅助语言学习function功能gra

29、mmaticalsentencepattern,ideational(function)概 念 功functionalgrammar功能 语GSP 语法句形能法grammaticalstructure语 法 结identifying认同的functional linguistics功能语言构idiom 成语 习语学grammatical subject语法主语idiomatically-governed习语支配functionalsentenceperspective,grammatical system语法系统的FSP 功能句子观grammatical word语法词ill-formed s

30、entences不合适的句。4。子innatenesshypothesis（语法）天jargon黑话 行语illocutionary act话中行为施为赋假设Jesperson, Otto性行为input输入Johnson & Johnsonillocutionary force言外作用施input hypothesis语言输入说Johnson为作用instrumental(function)工 具 功Jones, Danielimaginative(function)想 象 功能K能integrative test综合性测试kernel sentence核心句immediacy assump

31、tion即时假定intensifier强调成分keyword 关键词immediateconstituentanalysisintensive强调的 增强的knowledge知识直接成分分析法interactional (function)交互功known information已知信息imperative rule祈使规则能Krashenimperative祈使语气命令的interdental齿间音Kruszewski, Mikolajimplicate意含interface界面Kuno, Susumoimplication蕴涵 含义interference干扰Limplicationcon

32、nective蕴 涵 连interjection感叹词label标示 标记接interlanguage中介语labial唇音implicature含义 言外之意interlingua国际语labiodental唇齿音implied meaning蕴涵意义interlingual approach语际法language语言implosive内破裂音内爆音interlocutor会话者language acquisition device, LADinanimate无生命的internalevaluation内 部 评语言习得机制inclusivenessrelation内 包 意估languag

33、e attitude语言态度义internal structure内部结构language choice语言选择indefinite不定的，无定的internationalphoneticalphabet,languagecomprehension语 言 理indicative陈述式 陈述语气IPA 国际音标解indirect object间接宾语internet互联网language data语言素材indirct speech, IS间接言语interpersonal人际的languagelearning语言学indirect thought, IT间接思想interpersonalfun

34、ction人 际 功习Indo-Europeanlanguages印 欧 语能language maintenance语言维护言interpretation解释language processing语言处理inference推论 推理interrogativesentence疑 问language structure语言结构inference drawing推论句language system语言系统inferentialcommunication 推 论intonation语调languageteaching语言教交际intra-linguisticrelation语 言学infinitiv

35、e不定式内关系languageuniversal语言普遍infix 中缀intransitive不及物的性inflection屈折（变化）intrinsic sources of error错误language use 语言使用inflectional affix屈折词缀的内源langue语言（系统）inflectionalmorphology屈 折 形invariable word不变词larynx喉头态学invention新创词语lateral边音 旁流音inflective endings屈折结尾inversion倒置，倒装Latin拉丁语informationretrieval信 息

36、检IPA chart国际音标图Latin grammar拉丁语法索IPS symbol国际音标符号lax vowel松元音informationstructure信 息 结irony讽刺 反话length长度 音长构isolated opposition孤立对立letter字母informative(function)信 息 功Italian意大利语level层，级，平面能JLevinson, Stepheninnateness先天性Japanese 日语lexeme 词位 词素。5。lexical ambiguity词汇歧义loanblend混合借词meaning shift转移lexica

37、l change词汇变化loanshift转移借词meaning意lexical level词汇层loanword借词义lexical meaning词汇意义local areanetworks,LAN 局域mental (processs)思维过程心理lexical morphology词汇形态学网过程lexical studies词汇研究locutionaryact发话行为，表述性mentalism心灵主义lexical word词汇词言语行为message 信息lexicogrammar 词汇语法logical component逻辑成分metafunction元功能lexicon词汇

38、词典logical connective逻辑连词metalinguistic元语言的lexis 词logical form component逻辑式成metaphor隐喻liaison连音 连续分metathesis换位（作用）limerick打油诗logicalformrepresentation逻辑metonymy 换喻 转喻line 诗行式表达metre 韵律linear phonology线性音系学logical formula逻辑公式metrical patterning韵律格式linear structure线形结构logical function逻辑功能microcomputer

39、微机linguisticuniversity语言普遍logical semantics逻辑语义学microprocessor微处理器性logical structure逻辑结构mid 中（元音）linguisticbehaviour 语言行为logical subject逻辑主语mind 思维linguisticbehaviourpotentiallogophoricity词照应minimal attachmenttheory最少接语言行为潜势London School伦敦学派触理论linguisticcompetence语 言 能long vowed长元音minimal pair最小对立体力

40、loss of sound语音脱落minimalist programlinguistic context语言语境上loudness响度minimum freeform最小自由形下文M式linguistic data语言素材machinetranslation机 器 翻mirror maxim镜像准则linguisticdescription语 言 描译mistake 错误写macrolinguistics宏观语言学modal subject语气主语linguistic determinism语言决定macroproposition宏观命题modal verb情态动词论macrostructu

41、re宏观结构modality情态linguistic facts语言事实main clause主句modern French现代法语linguisticrelativity语言相对Malinowski, Bronislawmodification修饰性man-machinesymbiosis人 机 共modifier修饰语linguisticsexism 语 言 性 别 歧生monomorphemic 单语素的视manner maxim方式准则monophonemic 单音位的linguisticstructure语 言 结mannerofarticulation发 音 方monophthon

42、g 单元音构式monosyllabic单音节的linguistic theory语言理论marked标记的Motague grammar 蒙太古语法linguistic unit语言单位masculine阳性mood 语气linguisticuniversal语言普遍matalinguistic元语言学的morph 形素 词素形式性material (process)物质过程morpheme语 素词素形linguisticvariation语 言 变mathematicalprinciples数 学 原素异理morpheme-exchangeerror词 素 交linguistics语言学ma

43、xim 准则错误lip rounding圆唇化maximalonsetprinciple最大节首morphemic shape 词素形状literal language本义语言辅音原则morphemic structure词素结构literary stylistics文学文体学meaningpotential意 义潜morphemictranscription词 素 标loan translation翻译借词势音。6。morphological change形态变化naturalistic data自然语料Omorphological rule形态规则near-adultgrammar近成人语法object宾语morphology形态学negation否定 否定结构object-deletion宾语省略morpho-phonemiccomponent形 态negative否定的objective case宾格音位成分negativeinterference负 面 干objectivity客观性morphophon