时态讲解与专项训练

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1、时态讲解与专项训练初中过去进行时态精讲一、概念和用法: 1） 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2） 过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。3) 常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例如：We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。 What was he researching al

2、l day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么？ My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来，受伤了。It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 当我到达山顶的时候，阳光灿烂。二、 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。

3、如：What was she doing at nine oclock yesterday? 昨天晚上九点她在做什么？ (介词短语表示时间点)When I saw him he was decorating his room. 当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。 (when从句表示时间点)三、 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如：While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报。 (两个动作都是延续的)He was cleaning his car

4、 while I was cooking. 他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)四、 通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有：agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(拥有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。例如：误：I was knowing the answer.正：I knew the answer. 我知道答案。误：I wasnt understanding h

5、im.正：I didnt understand him. 我不明白他的意思。五、典型例题1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes 答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，玛丽在做衣服时提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。2) As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. read； was fallingB. was reading； fellC. was reading； was falli

6、ngD. read；fell 答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为当之时。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。句中的 fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。过去进行时专项练习一、 单项选择1.My brother _ while he _ his bicycle and hurt himself. A. fell, was riding B. fell, were riding C. had fallen, rode D. had fallen, was ridin

7、g 2. Tom _ into the house when no one _. A. slipped, was looking B. had slipped, looked C. slipped, had looked D. was slipping, looked 3.The last time I _ Jane she _ cotton in the fields. A. had seen, was picking B. saw, picked C. had seen, picked D. saw, was picking 4.I don t think Jim saw me; he _

8、 into space. A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just stared 5.I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a radio shop at the time. A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked 6.-Hey, look where you are going! -Oh, I m terribly sorry._. A. I m not noticing

9、 B. I wasn t noticing C. I haven t noticed D. I don t notice 7. The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it. A. was traveling B. traveledC. had been traveling D. was to travel 8. I _ my breakfast when the morning post came. A. had B. had been having C. have been having D. was having

10、 9.When I arrived at his office, he _ on the phone. A. was speaking B. spoke C. had been speaking D. had spoken 10. “ What s the matter, Ali? You look sad. ” “ Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I _ of my friends back home. ” A. just thought B. have just been thinkingC. was just thinking D. have

11、 just thought二、 动词填空。John_（work） all day yesterday.He _（walk） home when the （rian）_begin. What_you _（do） at ten oclock yesterdayI_（studay） in classWhen Harry _（have） breakfast Lily _（telephone） him When I _ （go） to school this morning I _ （see） a car running into a bus6. This time yesterday Jack _ (

12、mend) his bike.7. I _ (write) a letter at ten last night.8. It was six. The Greens _ (have) supper.9. When you _ (knock) at the door yesterday,I _ (do) some washing.10. While my mother _ (watch) TV, I _(make) a kite.三、 英汉互译。1、 昨晚我给你打电话时，你正在干什么？2、 上中学时，我住老师家里。3、 他昨天本来要看那场戏的，可是太忙了。4、 They wanted to kn

13、ow when we were leaving for Shanghai.5、 Soon the whole town was talking about it.过去进行时专项练习答案1、 What were you doing when I phoned you last night？2、 I was living in my teachers house when I was in middle school.3、 He was watching the play yesterday, but he was too busy.4、 他们想知道我们什么时候去上海。5、 不久镇上的人就都谈论起

14、这件事了。现在完成时的用法 have(has)+过去分词 1.现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生活或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. I have lost my wallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:已可以吃饭了.) Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱) He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地) 2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for ,since连用.

15、Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 3. 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等: He has already obtained a scholarship. I havent seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet 4. 现在完成时常

16、常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等: Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman on several occasions. 5. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now,

17、 up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等: Peter has written six papers so far. Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom. There has bee too much rain in San Francisco this year. The friendly relations an

18、d cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years. Up to the present everything has been successful. 6. 现在完成时表示现在之前业已完成的动作,虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续,但是有一些现在完成时的句子,在后面加上for+一段时间,则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性. Thomas has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语) Thomas has studied Russian for three years.

19、(=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.(同第2点用法第一个例句) 7. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作. We have had four texts this semester. = 现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法” 1.现在完成时的完成用法 现在完成时的完成用法指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。 例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动

20、作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。) 现在完成时完成用法的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语 (如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状 语(如：this morning month year.，today等)连用。 例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？ 2.现在完成时的未完成用法 现在完成时的未完成用法指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。 例如：He has lived h

21、ere since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。) I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。) 此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far)等。 例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。 注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用

22、法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。 (2)现在完成时常见两种句型： 主语have / has beenfor短语 It is一段时间 since从句 例如：He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了现在完成时专项练习一、 单项选择。1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _whats h

23、appened to him .（呼和浩特）. knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still 3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、Our co

24、untry _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . ha

25、d known . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did

26、 ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made 13、How long have

27、 you _ here ?About two months . been . gone . come . arrived 14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun. has been on . began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has be

28、en 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C.

29、How long, came D. How far, arrived 20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university二、 句型转换。1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句） 2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) have they been here?3、The old man _ last year. He for a ye

30、ar. (die) （动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two yea

31、rs ago. (同义句转换) _ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子) _ 三、 汉译英。1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。2、 他昨天收到一封信。3、 我父亲以前到过长城。4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。5、 她去过上海。6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？参考答案：一、单项选择。1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考

32、查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是。2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。3、C4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。5、C6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用

33、（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C。7、C8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。故9的正确答案为B。10、B11、现

34、在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D。12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。16、“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故16的正确答案为A。17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C二、句型转换。1、has he? 2、How long 3、died

35、, has been dead 4、has been open 5、has been away 6、joined；ago7、It is, since 8、The bus has been here for ten minutes.三、汉译英。1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.2、He received a letter yesterday.3、My father has been to the Great Wall before.4、She hasnt seen the new film yet.5、Sh

36、e has been to Shanghai.6、Where has he been these days？现在完成时专项练习一、根据下列所给问题，选出恰当的答案。1.Kates never seen Chinese films, ? A.hasnt she B.has she C.isnt she D.is she2.Mum, may I go out and play basketball?- you your homework yet? A.Do,finish B.Are,finishing C.Did,finish D.Have,finished3.Tom the CD player

37、for two weeks. A.has lent B.has borrowed C.has bought D.has had4.I from him since he left. A.didnt receive B.havent got C.didnt have D.havent heard5.Have you ever Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?-Yes,I have.A.went to B.gone to C.been in D.been to6.My parents Shandong for ten years.A.have bee

38、n in B.have been to C.have gone to D.have been7.I wont go to the concert because I my ticket.A.lost B.dont lose C.have lost D.is coming二用所给单词的适当形式天空。1.I (be)to shanghai for several time.2.What you (do)yesterday?3.I (make)a cake.4.You (make)a kite,have you?5.- you to Beijing?(be)-yes,I have.三1 In Eng

39、lish class,Li Ming_(study)English words every day. Yesterday we_(study)the word exam. They_(study) the word examalredy,and now they can use it! 2 My mother_(tell)me the story before. 3 Mrs.Brown_(teach)us a lot about social studies since September. 4 The young man_(write)three bopks in the past two

40、years.All of them are very popular.He_(write)the first one in 2001. 5 She_(paint)pictures for ten years. 参 考 答 案17 B D D D D A C 1.have been 2.did,do 3.am making 4.haven t made 5.Have,been. 1 studies studied have studied 2 told 3.has taught 4.wrote 5.has painted过去完成时态总体上说它属于“过去”这一时间段内发生的事情，它表达的是在某个过

41、去动作或时间点之前发生的动作，简单地说就是“过去的过去”发生的事情。过去完成时的构成很简单，即 had + 动词的过去分词。例如：had done, had gone, had built 等等。一、过去完成时的主要用法1、表示在过去动作之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态。比如说，A事件发生在一个月前，而B事件发生两个月前，那么B事件比A事件还要早发生，它就要使用过去完成时。例如：Most of the guest had left when he arrived at the party. （即：客人在他到之前已经离开了。）They had already had breakfast befor

42、e they arrived at the hotel.（即：吃饭在先，他们到达在后。）注意：在上面两个例句，虽然表达时间的连词不同（when当时；before在前），但两件事发生的先后顺序很明显。请同学们不要被when, before之类的词搞混淆了，关键要抓住两件事情的先后关系。2、表达在过去某个确定的时间之前发生的事或状态。例如：How many English films had you seen by the end of last term ?在这个例句中，没有两个事件作比较。但是，它有一个明确的时间作参考，即last year明确了告诉我们是“过去”时间，而 by the end

43、 of last year说的是在last year之前完成的动作，因此它也是“过去的过去”，可以用过去完成时。请同学们仔细阅读下面的例句，注意时间的先后关系和动作的先后顺序：I had finished writing my composition by 10:00 this morning.（今天上午10：00点以前，我已经写完了我的作文。）She had searched the internet for two hours when she found an ad for the Canon digital camera.（当她找到了佳能数码照相机的广告时，她已经在因特网上查询了两个小

44、时。）I went over what I had written again and again so that I wouldnt make any mistakes.（我一遍又一遍地检查了我所写的内容，以至我没有出现任何错误。）The film had already begun when I got to the cinema . （ 当我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。）过去完成时还可以表示从过去某一时间开始，持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。例如： He had worked in the factory for five years before he moved here . （ 在

45、他搬到这儿以前，他已经在那家工厂工作了五年。） I saw Li Ping yesterday . We had not seen each other since I left Beijing . （ 我昨天看见李平了。自从我离开北京，我们就没见过面。）By the time I got there, it had already finished.When she got to the check-out, she realized she had left her purse at home.He said he had never seen Xiao Wang before.Ann h

46、ad lived in a cottage for sixty years ever since she was born.He arrived at 230. He had been told to wait in the VIP lounge3、在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 4、when引导的从句(注：从句谓语动词为过去式) by短语 by the time引导的从句(注：从句谓语动词为过去式) before引导的从句(注：从句谓语动词为过去式

47、)例如：（1）Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when he _ at the party. A. left；had arrived B. left；arrived C. had left；had arrived D. had left；arrived 解析：正确答案为D。guests先“离开”，Tom后“到达”。（2）We _ four thousand new words by the end of last year. A. had learned B. have learned C. learned D. will have

48、 learned 解析：根据by短语中的last year得知是到去年年末，正确选项为A。（3）He had already built his own lab by the time he was ten.到十岁时，他已经建起了自己的实验室。（4） He had studied English for five years before he came here.来这儿之前，他已经学过五年英语了。5、（1）主语hadhardly(scarcely)过去分词when(before)主语一般过去时。（2）主语hadno sooner过去分词than主语一般过去时。例如：They had no s

49、ooner got home than it began to rain.他们一到家，天就下起雨来。_ got into the room，_ the telephone rang.他一到家，电话就响了。A. He hardly had；then B. Hardly had he；when C. He had not；that D. Not had he；when 解析：正确答案为B。当否定词hardly，scarcely，no sooner放在句首时，主谓要倒装6、根据上下文的时间关系来确定用过去完成时。例如：1. The pen I _ I _ is on my desk，right un

50、der my nose.那支我以为已经丢了的钢笔。在我的桌子上，就在我的鼻子底下。A. think；lost B. thought；had lost C. think；had lost D. thought；have lost 解析：正确答案为B。“丢笔”是在“认为”之前发生的动作。2. Helen _ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _home.海伦把钥匙忘在了办公室，所以她不得不等到丈夫回家。A. has left；comes B. left；had come C. had left；came D. h

51、ad left；would come 解析：正确答案为C。had to wait说明事情发生在过去，而“忘带钥匙”的动作发生在“等丈夫回家”之前。7、表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图，用过去完成时。常用动词有：hope，think，expect，intend，mean，suppose，want等。例如：They had wanted to help but couldnt get here in time.他们本来是要来帮忙的，但未能及时赶到。8、It was时间since主语过去完成时。例如：They asked me to have a drink with them. I said t

52、hat it was at least ten years since I _ a good drink.他们邀请我和他们喝酒，我说，我已经至少十年没有好好喝过了。A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying 正确答案为A。二、下列情况一般不能用过去完成时下列三种情况不用过去完成时：1、句中如yesterday , last year , in 1986 , three days ago等明确地表示过去时间的状语，谓语动词必须用一般过去时。例如： Peter didnt play football yesterda

53、y . （ 彼得昨天没有踢足球。）2、在叙述两件以上的事件时，如果事件之间连接地很紧凑的一系列的动作，一般仍用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。例如： They decided to stay here , and so they built their houses and made their farms . （ 他们决定呆在这儿，所以他们建了房子，开垦了农场。 ）三、过去完成的否定句和疑问句1、否定句 had not .例如：I hadnt learnt Lesson 20 yet.2、疑问句 Had.?例如：Had you ever seen such an exciting match b

54、efore? Yes, I had. / No, I hadnt. 四、 一般过去时和过去完成时用法有哪些不同？ 1. 在主从复合句中的用法不同 （1） 用在宾语从句中 在主句谓语为一般过去时的宾语从句中，既可用一般过去时，也可用过去完成时。但两种时态的意义明显不同。试比较下列两组句子： She said she was a doctor. 她说她是位医生。（说话时仍为医生） She said she had been a doctor.她说她曾当过医生。（说话时已不是） She said she had been a doctor for twenty years.她说她当过20年的医生。（

55、主要强调说话时已当过20年医生，此状态可能已经结束，也可能还没有） 但是，如果从句中有表示具体时间的状语，则常用一般过去时。例如： He said he was born in 1986. 他说他是 1986年出生的。 （2） 用在含有after的主从复合句中 在含有after的主从复合句中，一般在从句中使用过去完成时，主句中使用一般过去时。例如： After he had done his homework, he went out to play football. 因连词after本身能明确表示时间的先后关系，因而多数的主句和从句均使用一般过去时。例如： After he arrived

56、 in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. （3） 用在含有before的主从复合句中 用在含有before的主从复合句中，一般在从句中使用一般过去时，主句中使用过去完成时。例如： Lily had written some letters before she went out shopping. 有时，也可以在从句中用过去完成时，主句中用一般过去时，这样就可使描述更为生动。试比较： We got to the station before the train had left. 火车尚未开动之前，我们就到了车站。 We had got to the station before the train left. 火车开出之前，我们就已经到了车站。 像after一样， before本身就能明确地表示时间的先后关系，故多数主从句均使用一般过去时，而无需使用过去完成时。例如： Many people left for home before the film ended.电影尚未放完，许多人就起身回家了。 （4） 用在含有when的主从复合句中 由于when本身不能明确表示时间的先后关系，故先发生的动作应用过去完成时，后发生的动作只需用一般过去时。这样用过去完