人教英语必修三 第四单元

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1、1)He can be really bad-tempered _.2)_ I used to go skiing everywinter.3)Im busy _.Would you please call me back in a few minutes?4)Dont all speak at once.One _.5)The kids are leaving home _.6)Prepare what you plan to say at themeeting _.at timesAt one timefor the time beingat a timein no timeahead o

2、f time2.atmosphere1)the atmosphere,the mixture of gases that surrounds the earth eg.Man must stop polluting the earthsatmosphere.2)the feeling that an event or place givesyou eg.The two sides are holding talks in afriendly atmosphere.大气大气(层层)气氛气氛3.presence/n.出席，存在出席，存在eg.His presence at the party ma

3、de ushonored.present/adj.出席的；目前的出席的；目前的eg.Many people were present at the party.People present at the party were fromChina.The present situation is worrying.翻译：翻译：His present boss who presented5000 books to the poor children waspresent at the charity party.4.harmful,harm翻译：在阳光下读书对眼睛有害。翻译：在阳光下读书对眼睛有害

4、。Reading in the sun is harmful to your eyes.Reading in the sun does harm to your eyes.Reading in the sun harms your eyes.5.multiply1)add a number to itself a particularnumber of times乘乘2 乘以乘以3等于等于6Two and three multiply to make six.Two multiplied by three makes/is/equals six.2)increase增加增加eg.Our pro

5、blems have multiplied sincelast year.6.exist/vi.1)be real or actual存在存在eg.A life free from all worry doesnt exist.2)continue living esp.with difficulty orwith very little money;survive 生存生存eg.Man cant exist/survive/live withoutwater and air.Scientists believe the universe came intoexistence about 15

6、 billion years ago.7.thuseg.The universities expanded,thusallowing many more people the chance ofhigher education.8.in ones turn 轮到某人轮到某人我已经扫完了地，该轮到我已经扫完了地，该轮到Tom擦玻璃了。擦玻璃了。I have finished sweeping the floor,and Tom,in his turn,should clean the window.in turn 1)依次，轮流依次，轮流eg.The children called out th

7、eir namesin turn.2)相应，转而，继而相应，转而，继而eg.Increased production will in turn leadto increased profits.增加生产会继而增加利润。增加生产会继而增加利润。take turns to do sth.轮流做轮流做.eg.We take turns to do the housework.9.preventprevent A(from)doing.=stop A(from)doing.=keep A from doing阻止阻止A做做.翻译：翻译：1.我们应该防止环境受到污染。我们应该防止环境受到污染。We sh

8、ould prevent the environment(from)being polluted.2.应该采取措施防止火势蔓延。应该采取措施防止火势蔓延。Measures should be taken to prevent thefire(from)spreading.protect A from B保护保护A不受不受B的的伤害伤害翻译：每一位母亲都会保护她们的孩子翻译：每一位母亲都会保护她们的孩子不受任何伤害。不受任何伤害。Every mother will protect their child fromany possible harm.选择：选择：1).Let nothing _ y

9、ou doing your duty.A.keep B.have C.protect D.prevent2).What _ you to come to the party?-An unexpected accident _ me going.A.prevented;forbadeB.protected;forbadeC.forbade;preventedD.stopped;kept3).He put on his sunglasses to _ his eyesfrom the strong sunlight.A.prevent B.stop C.keep D.protectDCD4).We

10、 should prevent pollution _ a happy life.A.live B.living C.to live D.from livingC10.puzzle/n.mystery迷，难题迷，难题eg.a crossword puzzle纵横字谜纵横字谜translate:The deeper meaning of the poem remainsa puzzle.这首诗的深层含义这首诗的深层含义仍然是仍然是个迷。个迷。puzzle/v.make sb feel confused 使迷惑，使迷惑，为难为难翻译：让我感到迷惑的是为什么他谁都没翻译：让我感到迷惑的是为什么他谁都

11、没告诉就离开了这个国家。告诉就离开了这个国家。What puzzled me was why he left thecountry without telling anyone.puzzling:(事事)令人困惑的令人困惑的puzzled:(人人)感到困惑的感到困惑的填空：填空：Her _ look on her face suggested she didnt know how to deal with the _ situation.puzzledpuzzling短语：短语：puzzle over/about对对.苦苦思索苦苦思索puzzle out 设法想出；琢磨出设法想出；琢磨出.答案

12、答案ex.1)He puzzled _ the questionfor quite a while.2)He was trying to puzzle _ why hehad been brought to the house.over/aboutout11.block out1)stop light or noise from coming in挡住（光，声音）挡住（光，声音）2)forget sth.unpleasant 忘记不愉快的事忘记不愉快的事block off:separate one place fromanother using a barrier（用路障）封锁（用路障）封锁b

13、lock up:make movement of flow difficultor impossible塞住，封住（洞，孔）塞住，封住（洞，孔）填空：填空：1)Police _ the street after theexplosion.2)A great dust cloud formed in the sky_ the sunlight.3)My nose is _ because of a heavycold.4)Over the years she had tried to _that part of her life.blocked offblocking outblocked up

14、block out12.climate/n.regular pattern of weatherconditions of a particularregion气候气候eg.Britain has a temperate climate.英国气候温和。英国气候温和。translate:1)She moved to a warmer climate.有某种天气情况的地区有某种天气情况的地区2)the present political climate思潮，风气，倾向思潮，风气，倾向13.crash/v.fall or strike suddenly andnoisily碰撞，坠落碰撞，坠落eg.

15、He crashed his car into a wall.The dishes crashed to the floor.碗碟哗啦一声掉在地板上。碗碟哗啦一声掉在地板上。She crashed the door.她把门砰地一声关上了。她把门砰地一声关上了。crash/n.碰撞碰撞eg.a(n)car/air crash汽车撞车事故汽车撞车事故/飞机坠毁飞机坠毁14.pull/v.&n.拉，拖；牵引力拉，拖；牵引力eg.In a tug-of-war,the competitors pullas hard as they can.在拔河比赛中在拔河比赛中.translate:The tide

16、 depends on the pull of the moon.潮汐是月亮引力作用的结果。潮汐是月亮引力作用的结果。翻译：他扯我耳朵。翻译：他扯我耳朵。He pulled my ears.He pulled me by the ears.短语短语:pull in(车辆车辆)进站进站pull up(使车辆使车辆)停下停下pull down拆毁拆毁填空：填空：1)The driver _ at the traffic lights.2)The train _ right on time.3)The cinema she used to visit had been_.pulled uppulle

17、d inpulled down15.cheer(sb.)up become more cheerful(使使)高兴，振奋高兴，振奋翻译：翻译：振作起来！振作起来！不要让我失望！不要让我失望！Cheer up!Dont let me down!填空：给玛丽打个电话，她需要人安慰。填空：给玛丽打个电话，她需要人安慰。Give Mary a call;she needs _.cheering upcheer sb.on为某人加油，鼓励为某人加油，鼓励填空：填空：1)The spectators _ the runners _.2)When I feel upset she often tells m

18、efunny stories to _ me _.3)Please forget it;_!cheeredoncheerupcheer up16.float/v.move slowly on water or in theair漂浮漂浮eg.A plastic bag was floating in the water.There wasnt enough water to float theboat.17.now that because of the fact that 既然既然翻译：既然你已经通过了测试，你可以自己翻译：既然你已经通过了测试，你可以自己开车了。开车了。Now that y

19、ou have passed the test,youcan drive on your own.18.get(have)the hang of learn how tooperate or do sth熟悉，掌握，理解熟悉，掌握，理解eg.Ive never used a computer before.Dont worry;youll soon get the hangof it.19.break out/vi.start suddenly爆发爆发主语：主语：war,disease,fire,quarrel,fighting,crisis翻译：战争爆发之前他们逃到了美国。翻译：战争爆发之前

20、他们逃到了美国。They escaped to America before the warbroke out.与与break有关的短语：有关的短语：break away(from)挣脱，逃离挣脱，逃离break downbreak intobreak in出故障；身体垮掉；分解出故障；身体垮掉；分解强行进入强行进入插嘴插嘴break offbreak throughbreak upbreak up with中断中断取得突破取得突破破碎，结束，解散破碎，结束，解散分手分手填空：填空：1)Our car _ on the freeway so wehad to turn to the cars

21、passing by for help.2)We had our car _ last weekand lost our bag.3)Fighting _ between rival groupsof fans.broke downbroken intobroke out4)When do you _ for Christmas?5)She has just _ her boyfriend.6)He _ in the middle of a sentence.break upbroken up withbroke off20.watch out warn sb.about sth.danger

22、ous;look out小心，注意小心，注意翻译：小心！汽车来了翻译：小心！汽车来了!Watch out!The car is coming!watch out for sb/sth1)密切注意密切注意eg.The cashiers were asked to watch outfor forged banknotes.出纳员接到要求，要注意伪钞。出纳员接到要求，要注意伪钞。2)小心小心eg.Watch out for the stairsthey are steep.watch for look or wait attentively for盼望或等待盼望或等待watch over guar

23、d or protect 照看，看守照看，看守填空：填空：1)Youd better wait and _a better chance to make your request.2)The murderer was _ by threepolicemen for fear that he would escape.3)Youll be cheated if you dont _.watch forwatched overwatch outThink about these questions and then discuss them with your partner.In our sol

24、ar system eight planets circle around the sun.What are they?Can you match the names with the planets?solar system太阳系太阳系SunVenusMercuryMarsJupiterSaturnEarthPlutoNeptuneUranusMercury(水星水星)Venus(金星金星)Mars(火星火星)Jupiter(木星木星)Uranus(天王星天王星)Neptune(海王星海王星)Earth(地球地球)Saturn(土星土星)Reading How life began on t

25、he earth1.parts:Part 1(1-3)the development of _Part 2(4-5)the development of _.2.choose the best answer:1)From paragaph 1 we can know that starsare created from _.A.air B.atoms C.rocks D.ice2)What does the word“they”refer to in the10th line?A.planets B.stars C.gases D.fire and rockthe earthlifeBD3)W

26、hich is the right order of the developmentof life?A.small clever animalsshellfishdinosaursmammalsB.shellfishdinosaurssmall clever animals mammalsC.shellfishdinosaursmammals small clever animals D.dinosaursshellfishmammals small clever animals C4)Why were mammals different from otherlife forms?A.Beca

27、use they gave birth to young babyanimals and produced milk to feed themB.Because they produced young generallyby laying eggs.C.Because they were able to live on land aswell as in the waterD.Because they live on grass.A5)From the last paragraph we can inferthat the author is _.A.confident B.sadC.conc

28、erned D.angryC3.answer the questions:1)It is possible for life to develop becauseof the presence of water.Why?Because the continued presence of waterallowed the earth to dissolve harmful gasesand acids into the occeans and seas.2)Why did the plants grow before theanimals came?Because plants provided

29、 oxygen for animalsto breathe.4.fill in the blanks:The universe began with a“_”.At first,the earth was just a cloud of _.Later the dust settled into a solid _.Then it exploded with fire and rock,producingcarbon,nitrogen,vapour and other gases,which made the earths _.Whenit cooled down,_ appeared.Big

30、 Bangdustglobeatmospherewater Small plants began to appear on the surfaceof water,which encouraged the developmentof _.Next with green plants growing on land,_ began to live on land.Later reptiles appeared.After that _ developed,and then mammals.Finally _ appeared and spread all over the earth.shell

31、fish and fishinsects and amphibiansdinosaurssmall clever animalslanguage points:1.direction/n.1)方向方向in.direction朝朝.方向方向eg.They hit a truck coming in the oppositedirection.他们撞上一辆迎面开来的卡车。他们撞上一辆迎面开来的卡车。in all directions朝四面八方朝四面八方2)指导指导under ones direction在在.的指导下的指导下3)directions:instructions用法说明用法说明2.wh

32、at 引导主语从句引导主语从句1)使大家吃惊的是他没来开会。使大家吃惊的是他没来开会。What make everyone surprised was thathe didnt attend the meeting.2)他所做的他所做的增加增加了我们的困难。了我们的困难。What he did added to our difficulty.3)_ we cant get seems better than _we have.A.What;what B.What;thatC.That;that D.That;whatA4)_ made the school proud was _ moreth

33、an 90%of the students had been admittedto key universities.A.What;because B.What;thatC.That;what D.That;becauseB3.be to dosth.will definitely happen orit must happen注定；必须注定；必须eg.They said goodbye,knowing that theywere never to meet again.He said to his daughter,“You are to behome by 10 oclock.4.tran

34、slateIt remains to be seen whether this ideacan be put into practice.这一想法能否付诸实践还这一想法能否付诸实践还有待于观察有待于观察。5.cool down1)become cool冷却冷却2)become calm 冷静冷静eg.I think you should wait until she hascooled down.6.encourage give support,confidence orhope to sb/sth.鼓励，鼓励，促进促进eg.High prices for corn and wheat wil

35、l encourage farming.7.late,later,latest,latelylate/adj.迟的，晚的迟的，晚的later/adj.更迟，更晚的更迟，更晚的adv.后来后来latest/adj.最新的最新的his latest novellately/adv.最近最近recentlyeg.I havent heard from him lately.8.remain1)系动词系动词+名词名词/形容词形容词/分词作表语分词作表语保持，仍是保持，仍是eg.The labour shortage remains a problemin society.劳动力短缺仍是个社会问题。劳动

36、力短缺仍是个社会问题。He remained silent.remain standing/sitting/seated2)vi剩下剩下翻译：火灾过后，他的房子没剩下什么。翻译：火灾过后，他的房子没剩下什么。After the fire,nothing remained of his house.3)remain to be done 留待以后去看，做，留待以后去看，做，说等说等remain to be seen/done/said.翻译：它对我们是有害还是有益还得等着瞧。翻译：它对我们是有害还是有益还得等着瞧。It remains to be seen whether it will do

37、usgood or harm.4)remaining剩下的剩下的翻译：剩下的翻译：剩下的10台电脑是我的。台电脑是我的。The remaining ten computers belong to me.5)remains/n剩余物；遗址剩余物；遗址eg.She drank the remains of the coffee.The remains of the ancient temple areworth seeing.9.spread(spread,spread)1)become distributed 散布散布2)become widely known传播传播,蔓延蔓延eg.The di

38、sease is spreading fast.spread the news3)展开，铺开展开，铺开eg.The bird spread its wings.spread a cloth/map/carpet10.to do 作定语，表将来作定语，表将来填空：填空：What are you going to talk aboutat the meeting _ tomorrow?(hold)to be held11.depend on1)be decided by sth.取决于取决于eg.How much is produced depends on howhard we work.产量的

39、大小取决于我们努力的程度。产量的大小取决于我们努力的程度。2)eg.You can never depend on his arriving on time.(be sure that sth will happen 确信，指望确信，指望)3)eg.He is the sort of person you can depend on.(believe 信赖信赖)4)eg.I havent got a car,so I have to dependon the buses.(need 需要需要)That/It depends视情况而定视情况而定using language a visit to

40、the moon1.When we are going up,we felt _.A.we were pressed against our seatsB.we were lighter than we are on the earthC.as if we were flyingD.the rocket was shaking stronglyA2.When I was on the moon I felt I was _than I am on the earth.A.slower B.heavierC.cleverer D.lighterD3.Why cant the spaceship

41、fall back to theearth?A.Because the moons gravity pulls it up.B.Because it is too far away from the earth.C.Because the earth has no gravity.D.Because the spaceship is not very heavy.B4.When I tried to step forward on the moon,my step was_.A.as far as it was on the earthB.shorter than it was on the

42、earthC.further than it was on the earth C5.If a baby is growing on the moon,whenhe grows up,he will grow _ than he ison the earth.A.taller B.shorter C.fatter D.thinnerAlanguage points:eg.The manager has explained to thecustomers why the goods are late.explain oneselfeg.These days youve been late eve

43、ry day.Please explain yourself.1.explain sth to sb/explain to sb sth(从句从句)eg.force of gravity 地心吸力；重力地心吸力；重力2.force/n.1)(科技用语科技用语)力力2)strength,power,influence 力量力量eg.He overcame his bad habits by force ofwill.(意志力意志力)3)violent physical action 暴力，武力暴力，武力eg.The soldiers took the prisoners awayby force

44、.force/v.force sb to do sth/into doing sth强迫某人做某事强迫某人做某事翻译：总统被迫辞职。翻译：总统被迫辞职。The president was fored to resign/intoresigning.force ones way through a crowd 挤过人群挤过人群3.as.as.和和.一样一样1)as+adj./adv.原级原级+as翻译：他和他的父亲一样高。翻译：他和他的父亲一样高。He is as tall as his father.2)as+adj.+冠词冠词+n.+as翻译：她和她的朋友一样都是出色的演员。翻译：她和她的朋

45、友一样都是出色的演员。She is as excellent an actress as her friend.否定句否定句as/so.as.1)My brother is _ my sister but he doesntstudy _ she.A.as more clever as;as better asB.as clever as;so well asC.so clever as;as well asD.as cleverer as;as well as2)Tom is _ any other boy but he studies_ than all the others.A.as a

46、 good boy as;harderB.as good a boy as;more harderC.as a good boy as;much harderD.as good a boy as;much harderBD4.倍数表达法倍数表达法1)A+be+倍数倍数+as.as+BA是是B的几倍的几倍(倍数：倍数：twice,three times.,half,one third,50%.)翻译：这间屋子是那间屋子的三倍大。翻译：这间屋子是那间屋子的三倍大。This room is three times as big as that one.2)A+be+倍数倍数+比较级比较级+than+

47、B A比比B多几倍多几倍eg.This room is twice bigger than that one.3)A+be+倍数倍数+the+n.+of+B A是是B的几倍的几倍n:size,length,width,heighteg.This room is three times the size of thatone.选择：选择：1).Ten years ago the population of ourvillage was_ that of theirs.A.as twice large as B.twice as large asC.twice as much as D.as tw

48、ice much as2)This year they have procuced _ theydid last year.A.more than three times grainB.three times grain more thanC.three times more grain thanD.more grain than three times BC3)Your computer is _.A.four times bigger than meB.three times as bigger as mineC.three times the size of meD.three time

49、s the size of mineD5)amazed 过去分词作状语，表示主语的过去分词作状语，表示主语的状态。类似的过去分词还有：状态。类似的过去分词还有：lost,seated,dressed,faced with,accustomed to doing.eg._ in thought,he almost ran into a tree.Lost _ in white,she stood out in the bigcrowd.Dressed_ the problem,he was puzzled.Faced withUnit 5 words and expressions1.rathe

50、r thaninstead of不愿，而不是不愿，而不是(连接两个并列成分连接两个并列成分)eg.I will have a drink rather than coffee.He could beg in the street rather thanget money in such a dishonest way.He was writing a letter rather thanreading a newspaper.I would prefer to go there in Septemberrather than in July.I prefer to stay at home r

51、ather than goout.He,rather than his classmates,likes playingfootball.2.baggageUluggage3.eastward/adv.&adj.go eastward:go in an eastward direction4.surround/v.be all round 包围，围绕包围，围绕be surrounded by/with.翻译：该城被军队包围。翻译：该城被军队包围。eg.The town was surrounded by/with troops.填空：填空：1)_ by mountains and thePac

52、ific Ocean,Vancouver is Canadas mostbeautiful city.Surrounded2)She was sitting on the floor _by a lot of food.surroundedsurrounding/adj.周围的周围的eg.He was attracted by the surroundingscenery in the mountain.surroundings/n.environment 环境环境eg.She hopes that her child will be broughtup in healthy surround

53、ings.5.measure/v.1)有有.面积面积/长长/宽宽/高高eg.The room measures 10 metres long and5 metres wide.这间屋子长这间屋子长10米宽米宽5米。米。2)测量测量eg.The device measures the level of radiationin the atmosphere.这种仪器用来测量大气层中的辐射级。这种仪器用来测量大气层中的辐射级。3)判定，估量判定，估量(importance,value,effect)eg.It is difficult to measure the success ofthe exp

54、eriment at this stage.在现阶段还难以估量这次实验的成败。在现阶段还难以估量这次实验的成败。measure/n.1)计量单位计量单位weights and measures度量衡度量衡2)措施，方法措施，方法翻译：应该采取措施防止火势蔓延。翻译：应该采取措施防止火势蔓延。eg.Measures should be taken to preventthe fire(from)spreading.采取措施做某事采取措施做某事take measures to do sth6.aboard/adv.&prep.在船，飞机，火车或在船，飞机，火车或汽车上汽车上eg.Its time

55、to go aboard.(adv.)Its time to go aboard the ship.(prep.)翻译：上船的时间到了。翻译：上船的时间到了。abroad/adv.在国外在国外go/live abroadboard/n.go on board=go aboard/vt.board the ship/plane/train/bus7.settle down1)She settled down in a small village wherethe air was fresh.2)The teacher tried to settle the studentsdown.3)He f

56、ound it difficult to settle down to hisstudy with the noise going on.定居定居使使.平静平静专心于专心于.8.manage to do sth.succeed in doing sthtry to do sth尽力去做但不一定成功尽力去做但不一定成功填空：填空：1)He _ finish the work aheadof time,but he failed.2)In spite of the hardships,we_ finish the work on time.tried tomaneged to8.catch sig

57、ht of 看见，瞥见看见，瞥见eg.I caught sight of the rainbow in the distance after the rain.at the sight of一看见一看见.就就.at first sight初见时，乍看起来初见时，乍看起来lose ones sight失明失明out of sight看不见看不见填空：填空：1)_ it looked like a simpleaccident,but later the police becamesuspicious(怀疑的怀疑的).2)The baby laughed _his mother.3)He trie

58、d to catch the bus but in vain,because it ran so fast and it was soon _.At first sightat the sight ofout of sight9.within/prep.在在.之内之内(时间，距离，范围时间，距离，范围)eg.Ill be back within an hour.My school is within walking distance.There are shops within easy reach of thehouse.It wasnt within my power to help he

59、r.11.border/v.接壤，接近接壤，接近eg.India borders(on)Pakistan.10.mix/v.混合，调配混合，调配mix A with/and Beg.mix the sugar with the flourmix sth up搅匀，混淆搅匀，混淆eg.The chemist mixed up some medicine.mix with stheg.Oil wont mix with water.The new housing estate borders on thehighway.新住宅区紧接高速公路。新住宅区紧接高速公路。12.confirm/vt1)证明，证实证明，证实eg.Please write to confirm your reservation.There was frost on the ground,confirmingthat fall had arrived in Canada.It has been confirmed that the CEO willresign from her position.2)批准批准 The new minister will be confirmed inoffice by the Queen.