一单元smalltalk

《一单元smalltalk》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《一单元smalltalk（11页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、Module I Small Talk周次上课时间课型课题Small Talk教学目标Words, Phrases and Sentence Patterns教学重点Building up skills of small talk at social events教学难点Grammar- didnt need to do & neednt have doneI目标展示，自主学习，深化拓展重要句式剖析1. Make sure you prepare for your English examination务必为你的英语考试做准备。 (1)句中make sure表示”务必，确保”。此外，make

2、sure还可表示”核实，查明，弄清楚”。make sure的常见用法：make sure ofthat确缈弄清楚(从句常用一般现在时)make sure(not)to do sth确保(不)做某事They scored another goal and made sure of victory他们又进了一个球，这就赢定了。I think the doors locked，but Ill just go and make sure我觉得门已经锁上了，不过我还是去看看确认一下。(2)prepare for表示”为做(好)准备”。而prepare sth表示”准备”。如： She was busy

3、preparing a report all the night她一整晚都忙着准备报告。prepare oneself forto do sth使自己为做(好)准备prepare to do sth准备做某事2Have you ever crossed the road to avoid talking to someone you recognize ?你是否曾经故意穿过马路以避免与你认识的人说话? (I)句子结构分析： 动名词短语作宾语 to avoid talking to someone ( you recognize)，不定式作目的状语 定语从句关系代词已省去 (2)句中avoid后

4、接动名词短语作宾语。如： These days he always avoids meeting with me for some reason 最近他因某种原因总是避免与我碰面。口诀巧记常接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)建议考虑 坚持练(suggest，advise，consider，insist on，practise)允许想象 弃冒险(permit，allow，imagine，give up，risk)阻止抵抗 否逃脱(prevent，resist，deny，escape)不禁介意 保持完(cant help，mind，keep，finish)耽误推迟 求原谅(delay，put off，r

5、equire，forgive，excuse)承认错过 欣避免(admit，miss，appreciate，avoid)3.People with good social skills communicate well and know how to have a conversation具备良好社交技能的人能很好地和别人交流并且知道怎样聊天。句中how to have a conversation属于”疑问词whether+不定式”结构。”疑问词whether+不定式”结构的用法说明：语法功能：主语、宾语、表语.作主语时谓语动词通常用单数 常见疑问词：who(m)，how，when，where

6、，which，whatHow to do it is still a question怎样做此事仍然是个问题。He told me how to answer all the questions in English他告诉我怎样用英语回答所有的问题4Here are some ideas to make you a better listener下面是一些使你成为良好倾听者的方法。 句中make you a better listener属于”make+宾语+宾补”结构，宾补由名词充当|make+宾语+宾补”的常见形式： 名词 形容词副词 make+宾语+ 介词短语 过去分词 不定式(不带to

7、)You have made me feel embarrassed你让我感到很尴尬。I made them give my money back我让他们把钱还给我。5.The only problem is that Im not very good at small talk with people I dont knowIm always worried about saying the wrong thing or making people feel bored唯一的问题是我不擅长和我不认识的人闲谈我总是担心说错话或让人觉得无聊。6.Her motto was“Every time

8、I open my mouth，I put my foot in it”她的座右铭是：”每次开口，都说错话。”句中every time是名词短语，起连词的作用，引导一个时间状语从句。如： You dont have to look up every new word in the dictionary every time you come across it while reading an article读文章时，你不必遇到生词就去查词典。 归纳总结 起连词作用引导时间状语从句的名词短语：the+时间名词：the second，the minute，the instant等 time类名词

9、短语：the firstlast time，eachevery time，next time等 the+其他类时间名词：the week，the year，the month等 7.It was no coincidence either that she wasnt a very good saleswoman她不是一个好的推销员也绝非偶然。 句中it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。英语中，为了平衡句子结构，习惯上用it作形式主语来代替后面 的从句。如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film yesterday你昨天没去看那

10、部电影真遗憾。 It was really surprising that she married a man like that她嫁给那样的男人真让人惊讶。it作形式主语的常见句型：It+be+形容词(important，necessary)+主语从句 It+be+名词词组(a fact，a pity，a shame)+ 主语从句 It+be+过去分词(said，believed，expected)+ 主语从句 It+不及物动词(seem，appear，happen)+主语从句 It+be+形容词(easy，difficult，possible)(+forof sb)+动词不定式，8.The

11、 trouble with Esther was she said what she thought，and didnt think about what she said埃斯特的问题是她想到什么就说什么，而且从不考虑她所说的话。9.“No，I guess they chose you to discourage you from spending your whole career with us。”Esther replied sweetly”不，我猜测他们选择你是不想你一辈子都跟着我们干。”埃斯特甜美地答道。discourage sbfrom doing sth表示”劝阻某人做某事，使某

12、人放弃做某事”。其反义词组为encourage sbin sthto do sth如： His parents tried to discourage him from being an actor他的父母试图阻止他当演员。 The bad weather discouraged most people from attending the parade恶劣的天气使大多数人放弃去参加游行。梯度训练1The explorer got a disease for _of fresh vegetables and fruit Asake B1ack Cignorance Dbenefit2I was

13、 so familiar with her that I recognized her voice_ I picked up the phone Athe moment Bafter Cbefore Dwhile3Why not try your luck downtown，Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are Awhere Bwhat Cwhen Dwhy4So sad did she look at the news that I didnt know _say to comfort her Awhat to Bhow to Cwhat can I Dhow can

14、 I5_ doesnt matter to me what you do AIt B That CThis DWhat6_the differences in colors，languages and races，we share the charm and joy of the Olympic Games AThough BBecause of CIn spite of DIn addition to7Hey! Please do me _ favourI must get some money from _ATM machine Athe；a Ba；the Cthe；an Da；8一Wha

15、t should I do with the text?_ the topic sentence of each paragraph AFinding out BFound out CFind out DTo find out9一Did you see Janes new hairstyle? Its so ugly!一You really_Shes right behind youA put your foot in it Bshut your mouth Cmade it Dhit the pointV：反思跟进教学后记：READING PRACTICE,CULTURAL CORNER A

16、ND TASK一目标展示I重要句式剖析1.When someone talks, everyone is expected to listen，no matter how dull the persons speaking may be,(而在美国)当一个人发表见解时，不管他说得多么无聊。都期待每个人注意听。(1)句子结构分析：When someone talks,(no matter how) dull 时间状语从句 主句(引导让步状语从句)(2)”no matter+疑问词”的用法说明：语法功能：引导让步状语从句常见的疑问词：who(m)，what，where，when，how，which

17、与whever的区别：引导让步状语从句时，两者可以互换，whever还可引导名词性从句(wherever和whenever除外)1)No matter what happened，he would not mind(=Whatever happened，he would not mind)无论发生了什么，他都不会介意的。2)No matter whoWhoever he is，he must obey the law不管是谁，他都应该遵守法律。名师点晴 no matter wh-wh-ever，考点诠释：1引导让步状语从句时，根据不同语境选取不同的wh-；2引导名词性从句时，no matter

18、 wh-作为迷惑项出现在备选项中与whever进行辨析。2You can safely ask questions about familieswhere you come from。leisure interests，as well as the latest movies你除了可以很坦然地问最新的电影，还可以问有关家庭、籍贯、业余爱好等的问题。as well as在此表示”不但而且”；此外还可表示”与同样好”。如：),Your wife as well as you is friendly to me不仅你对我很友好，你的妻子也对我很友好。You look as well as you d

19、id ten years ago你的身体看起来还和十年前一样好。3A highly personal conversation can take place after a very short period of knowing someone，but this doesnt mean that youre close friends,or the relationship is very deep认识某个人很短一段时间之后，你们之间可能会有一次亲密交谈，但这并不意味着你们是亲密的朋友或关系非常好。句子结构分析：A highly personal conversation can take

20、placesomeone, 第一分句but this doesnt mean that youreor the并列连词 第二分句(that引导宾语从句or并列连词(选择)二深化拓展4But while few Americans will worry about the questions you may ask，particularly if you clearly show youre aware of cultural differences，they may hesitate before they ask you similar questions尽管极少数的美国人会担心你可能提的问

21、题，特别是如果你明显地表现出你很了解文化差异。但是在问你相似的问题之前，他们会犹豫。(1)句子结构分析： if引导条件状语从句while few Americansif youdifferences， while引导的让步状语从句if引导条件状语从句they may hesitate beforequestion 主句before引导时间状语从句(2)while引导让步状语从句时，为从属连词，表示”尽管，虽然”。如：While I am willing to helpI do not have much time available尽管我愿意帮忙，但是我没有多少时间。让步状语从句类型面面观：1

22、)wh-+-ever类由whatever，however，whichever，wherever，whenever等引导(可用no matter+wh一替换)2)althoughthough类由althoughthough引导，不与but，however等词连用3) even ifeven though类由even ifeven though引导4)as类由as引导，从句必须倒装，作表语的单数名词提前时其前不要冠词5.Income is a very private matter，and youd do well to avoid asking how much people earn，alth

23、ough some people may not only be open about it，but show off their wealth.收入是件很私人的事情，你最好避免问别人挣多少钱。尽管有些人对此不仅不加隐瞒，而且有炫富之意.(1)句子核心部分结构分析： youd do well to avoid asking how much people earn , 第二分句的主句宾语从句although some people may(not onlybut show off) 第二分句的从句引导让步状语从句 not onlybut(also)连接平行结构(2)not onlybut(al

24、so)表示”不但而且”。用法说明：语法功能：连接平行结构名词、代词、动词(短语)、非谓语动词、介词短语、句子等主谓一致：连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词与but(also)后的成分在人称和数上保持一致倒装：not onlybut(also)连接并列分句，且not only位于句首时，not only后的分句要部分倒装Not only the students but(also)the teacher was against the plan不但同学们反对这个计划，老师也反对。They speak English not only in class but(also)after class他们不

25、仅课堂上说英语，课下也说英语。Not only does the sun give US light but(also)it gives as heat太阳不仅给我们提供光还给我们提供热。名师点晴not onlybut (also)考点透视：1平行结构形式上的一致性以及某些成分的承前省略(如省略不定式符号to等)；2连接的并列成分作主语时，主谓一致的问题；3连接并列分句且not only位于句首时的倒装问题。6It is estimated that 800f all conversation in English is small talk据估计，所有英语会话中有80是闲聊。“It is e

26、stimated that”属于”It iswas+过去分词+that从句”结构，该结构的用法说明：主语：it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语常用的过去分词：said，reported，known，thought，believed，suggested等同义句型：SbSthiswas+过去分词+不定式(三种不同形式)It is reported that a lot of people lost their jobs in this city last month据报道，上个月这个城市的许多人都失业了。He is estimated to finish this work in three

27、months据估计，他完成这项工作需要3个月的时间。名师点睛“It is/was+过去分词+that从句”考点荟萃：1对形式主语it的考查；2对主语从句的引导词that的考查;3该句型的相关句型”SbSthiswas+过去分词+不定式”中不定式不同时态的运用。7. Imagine a situation where two strangers are talking to each other after someone they both know has left the room，or the cafe or party，etc设想一种情形。两个陌生人在他们俩都认识的某个人离开房间、咖啡

28、屋或聚会等之后进行交谈。(1)句子核心部分结构分析：whereafter someone (they both know)has leftparty，etcwhere引导的定语从句，修饰先行词situation after引导时间状语从句(they both know为定语从句，修饰someone)(2)先行词为相对抽象的地点名词case，point，situation，degree等，并且定语从句中主谓成分完整时，这时应用关系副词where来引导定语从句。如：This is a job where you can learn something从这项工作中你能学到一些东西。名师点睛 先行词为

29、抽象的地点名词时，定语从句引导词的选择是高考常考的知识点，明确引导词在从句中所作的成分是解题的关键所在作地点状语，引导词用where；作主语、宾语，引导词用thatwhich。此外，要掌握常见的几个抽象类地点名词case，point，career，degree，job等。三梯度训练基础知识达标1_well prepared you ale，you still need a lot of luck in mountain climbing AHowever BWhatever CNo matter DAlthough2_ our money，but we were nearly killed A

30、Not only we lost BNot only did we lose CWe not only had lost DNot only we had lost31 was born in China and have been living hereI cant imagine _anywhere but China Awork Bworking Cto work Dhaving worked4The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of LiuXiang，who was reported _the world record in the 110met

31、er hurdle raceAbreaking Bhaving broken Cto have broken Dto break5Although they are twins，the young man and his twin brother have little_.Ain common Bon common Cat common Dwith common6_ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships ANo matter what BNo matter which CWhatever DWhi

32、chever7After graduation she reached a point in her career _she needed to decide what to do Athat Bwhat Cwhich Dwhere8MrSmith as well as many other foreign friends _our school Ais paid a visit to Bhas paid a visit to Chave paid a visit to Dare paid a visit to9一HelloMrSmithThis is Larry JacksonI am af

33、raid 1 wont be able to arrive on time for the meeting in your office_We11 wait for youAHurry up BNo doubt CCheer up DThats all right10一Any suggestion?一You d better _the last sentence as it is rather misleading Aput out B1eave out Cpoint out Dpick out教学后记：语法考点聚焦自主导学：I：目标展示考点1didnt need to dodidnt nee

34、d to do表示“(过去)不必做某事(实际上也没有做)”。如：We didnt need to take a taxi：its within walking distanceSo we walked here我们不需要打的，步行就能到达。因此，我们步行到这儿。You dont need to come if you feel sick如果你不舒服就不必来。You didnt need to buy the book；it Was too complex to understand你不必买那本书，它太复杂了，很难懂的。Father sent me the documentSo I didnt

35、need to write to him for it父亲把文件寄来了，所以我不必为此写信了。neednt have done-neednt have done表示”本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”。如：You neednt have hurriedThere is plenty of time你本不必这么匆忙，有的是时间。You neednt have washed those clothes；we have a washing machine to do that sort of thing你本不必洗那些衣服的，我们有台洗衣机干这种活儿。There was plenty of timeHe

36、neednt have hurried当时时间还很充足，他本不必匆匆忙忙的。I neednt have bought so much wineonly five people came我本来没有必要买这么多酒的只来了五个人。It is warm todayYou neednt have worn your coat今天天气暖和，你本来不必穿大衣的。III：深化拓展情态动词+have done(1)表示对过去情况的推测结构适用句式意义Must have done肯定句一定（已经）May/might have done肯定句可能（已经）.May/might have done否定句可能还没有.Ca

37、nt have done否定句不可能（做过）.Could have done肯定句本能做（实际没做）说明：mightcould有时并不是maycan的过去式，而是表示一种委婉的语气或可能性更小。 (2)表示对过去所发生的事情的遗憾或责备之情结构适用句式意义Should/ought to have done肯定句、否定句本（不）该做.We should have gone swimming，but it rained我们本应该去游泳的，但下雨了。You shouldnt to have stopped on the motorway你本不该停在机动车道的。IV：梯度训练1The weather

38、turned out to be fine yesterdayI _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me Ashould have taken Bcould have taken Cneednt have taken Dmustnt have taken2What a pity! Considering his ability and experience，he _better Aneed have done Bmust have done Ccould have done Dmight have done3一She looks very happ

39、yShe _have passed the exam -I guess soIts not difficult after a11 Ashould Bcould Cmust Dmight4一My cats really fat一Youhave given her so much foodAwouldnt Bcouldnt Cshouldnt Dmustnt5-Catherine，I have cleaned the room for you一Thanks. You _itI could manage it myselfA . neednt do Bneednt have done Cmustn

40、t do Dshouldnt have done6一Did you finish the report yesterday?一No，I_itTomorrow is the deadlineAdidnt need to do Bneednt have done Cmustnt have done Dcouldnt have done7We didnt see Tom at the meeting yesterdayHe _ it Amustnt have attended Bcannot have attended Cneednt have attended Dwould not have at

41、tended8一I Cant find my purse anywhere一You _ have lost it while shoppingAmay BCan Cshould DwouldV：反思跟进教学后记：复习要点串联11I重点词汇1advance adj预先的；n前进，进步；v前进，推动 advanced adj先进的，高级的；晚期的in advance(of)(时间上)在之前，预先2think of想起，考虑；认为；想出 What do you think of?你认为怎么样7 think highlybadly of对评价高不高 think ofas把看做，把视为3favour n

42、帮助，恩惠，支持；v支持，偏袒 do sba favour帮某人一个忙 ask a favour of sb请某人帮忙 in favour of支持，赞同 (be)in sb.s favour对某人有利4reply n答复，回信；vtvi回答，答复 in reply to回复 made a/no reply作答不作答 reply(to)(with)(以)回复() reply that答复5absence n缺少，缺乏；缺席，不在 in sb.s absence在某人不在时 in the absence of不在时；缺少 absence of mind心不在焉，精神恍惚 absent adj不在

43、场的，缺席的；心不在焉的 be absent from不在，缺席6apology n道歉，致歉 apologise v道歉，致歉 make an apology to sbfor(doing)sth因(做了)某事而向某人道歉 apologise to sbfor(doing)sth因(做了)某事向某人道歉71eave out省去，删除；忽视，不考虑 1eave alone不管，不理会 leave behind忘带；遗留 leave off停止 leave for动身去(某处)8show off炫耀，卖弄；使引人注目 show sbaround带领某人参观 show up出现，出席；暴露 sho

44、w inout领入出9imagine vt想象，设想 imagine+n.pron. limagine+thatwhclause imagine+doingsbdoing sth imagine sbsth(to be)+adj10purpose n目的，意图 on purpose(=purposely)故意地 for /with the purpose of为了II重点句型1make sure的常见结构 make sure ofthat确保弄清楚(从句常用一般现在时) make surre(not)to do sth确保(不)做某事2疑问词“+不定式”结构 语法功能：主语、宾语、表语-作主语

45、时谓语动词通常用单数 常见疑问词：who(m)，how，when，where，which，what whether 3“make+宾语+宾补”的常见形式 名词 形容词副词 make+宾语+ 介词短语 过去分词 不定式(不带to)4时间名词作连词引导时间状语从句 the+时间名词：the second，the minute，the instant等 time类名词短语：the firstlast time，eachevery time，next time等 the+其他类时间名词：the week，the year，the month等5it作形式主语的常见句型 It+be+形容词+主语从句 I

46、t+be+名词+主语从句 It+be+过去分词+主语从句 It+不及物动词+主语从句 It+be+形容词+(forof sb)+动词不定式6”It iswas+过去分词+that从句”结构 主语：it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语 常用的过去分词：said，reported，known，thought，believed，suggested等 同义句型：sbsthiswas+过去分词+不定式(三种不同形式)III单元语法didnt need to doneednt have done情态动词+have done做题指导要点透视：分隔现象 高考考点透视 “分隔现象”即用各类短语、各种从句或插

47、入成分将两个原来在语法关系上甚为密切的句子成分隔开的现象。 对近年高考题“分隔现象”的考查点归纳如下： 一、主语谓语被分隔 主、谓语被分隔的现象，通常应注意句子主谓一致的 问题。 【高考链接】DrSmith，together with his wife and daughters，_visit Beijing this summer Ais going to Bare going to Cwas going to Dwere going to 【答案解析】 A。句子主语DrSmith与谓语动词被 together with his wife and daughters分隔，认清句子结构便 可知

48、谓语动词应用单数形式，再结合时间状语this summer可知此处用is going to。 二、固定短语被其他成分分隔 【典例展示】 MrReed made up his mind to devote all he had to _some schools for poor children Aset up Bsetting up Chave set up Dhaving set up 【答案解析】 B。句中出现的固定短语devoteto 被定语从句he had分隔，因为to是介词，其后的动词用 一ing形式，故选B。 三、定语从旬的先行词与从旬被其他成分分隔 定语从句的先行词与从句之间被其

49、他成分分隔，此时，要注意确定先行词。 【高考链接】The girl managed to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _she would stay for an hour Awhere Bwho Cwhich Dwhat【答案解析】 A。考查定语从句。where引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中作地点状语，先行词为the training centre。 四、同位语从句的中心名词与从句被其他成分分隔: 同位语从句的中心名词常可跟一些修饰成分，从而与从句形成被分隔的现象；有时为了平衡句子结构，中心名词作主语时其

50、后直接跟谓语动词，这也形成了中心名词与从句被分隔的现象。 【高考链接 News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University Awhich Bwhat Cthat Dwhere 【答案解析】 C。that引导同位语从句用来解释说明news的具体内容，旬中由于谓语部分过短，为平衡句子结构，将从句放在了句末。 五、复合谓语被分隔 复合谓语被分隔是指谓语部分的助动词、系动词或情态动词与主要动词被分隔的现象。【高考链接】In the good care of the nurses，the boy is _recovering from his heart operationAquietly Bactually Cpractically Dgradually【答案解析】D。句子的谓语是is recovering，被副词隔开，这里表示身体的逐渐恢复，故用gradually。