状语从句(9种全)

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1、状语从句 在复合句中作状语的从句叫状语从句。状语从句有时间、地点、因素、目的、成果、条件、方式、比较、让步等种类。一、时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连接词有: when, as, while, after, before, since, ever since, as soon as, once, till, until, whenever, no soonerthan, hardly/scarcely.when, the moment/minute/instant/second, every time, each time, any time, the first time, next tim

2、e, last time, all the time, by the time, directly, immediately, instantly等。1.表达“一就”的句型1) as soon as/once As soon as he arrives, Ill call you.她一到，我就给你打电话。（as soon as 侧重时间或动作先后衔接紧，而once侧重条件，表达“一旦.”）2) on doing sth/on ones + n.作时间状语 On arriving at the station, the thief was arrested. 一达到车站，这个小偷就被逮捕了。 O

3、n his arrival in Paris, he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison. 她一达到巴黎，就被认出是一种贵族，并被投入监狱。3) no sooner .than , hardly/scarcely.when 它们表“一就”。构造中的否认词放在句首时，主句要倒装。（主句都用过去完毕时，从句用一般过去时。） No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain. 她刚到家，天就开始下雨了。 Hardly/Scarcely had I entered the room wh

4、en the phone rang. 我一进屋，电话就响了。注意 当no sooner, hardly, scarcely不放在句首时，主句不倒装，如： I had no sooner reached the bus stop than the bus started. 我刚到车站，车就开走了。 I had scarcely（hardly）entered the room when the phone rang.4）the moment, the instant, the minute, the second The moment I saw him, I recognized him. 我一

5、看见她，就认出了她。 Well leave the minute you are ready. 你一准备好，我们就出发。5)有些副词如：instantly, immediately, directly可用作连词，后接从句。 I left immediately the clock struck 5. 我刚走，钟就敲了五点。2. when, while, as引导时间状语从句1) when的用法when既可指时间点，也可指时间段（即：从句动词可以是短暂的也可是延续的）；主从句动作可同步也可先后发生。 I was thin when I was a child. 当我是个孩子的时候,我很瘦。 It

6、 was raining when I arrived.我达到时，天正在下雨。在when引导时间状语从句时，如果从句主语与主句主语相似或为it，且从句有be动词，则从句可省主语和be动词，如： When (you are) in trouble, you can visit this man. 当你有麻烦时，可以找这个人。 She is always listening to music when（she is) doing her homework. 当她做作业时，总是听音乐。when在下列构造中, 译成“这时”,它引导的是并列句be about to do . when, be doing

7、 . when, had done when,be on ones way . when, be on the point of doing . when（参见“连词”部分when的用法）2）while用法while只能指一段时间，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。强调某一段时间内发生主句动作，相称于during the time that. My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework. 当我在做作业时，妈妈在做饭。 I am safe while I am here.我在这儿的时候，我很安全。注意 while除引导时间状语从句外，还引导

8、对比句，作“然而”讲；并可在句首引出让步状语从句作“虽然但”讲。 I like watching TV, while he likes reading. 我喜欢看电视，而她喜欢读书。 While he has his own car, he often uses mine. 尽管她自己有车，她却常用我的。3) as的用法 as引导时间状语从句时常可和when换用，但较强调同步发生，多指短暂动作。As I left the house, I forgot the key.我离家时，忘了带钥匙。 as还可阐明两种正在发展或变化的状况，“随着.”的意思，表时间的推移。如：As I get older

9、, I get more optimistic.随着年龄的增长，我变得更加乐观。as表“一边一边”，引出随着动作。He hurried home, looking behind as he went.她匆忙地回家，边走边往后看。用以强调两个动作紧接着发生。As he was going out, it began to rain.当她出去的时候，天开始下雨了。as有时引出一种名词，相称于一种时间状语从句。As a boy (when he was a boy), he was hopeless at maths.当她是孩子时，她对数学失去但愿。3. before引导的时间状语从句before引

10、导的时间状语从句不用否认式谓语。Before they got to the bus stop, the bus had gone.在她们达到公共汽车站之前，公共汽车已经走了。在“It be + 时间段 + before从句”句型中，肯定句译成“（之后）才”，否认句译成“就”。该句型有一般过去时、过去将来时、一般将来时三个时态，且有否认句。It will be some time before. do.It was some time before.did.It would be some time before.did.It was long before.did.“好久才”It wasnt

11、 long before.did.“不久就.”It will be many years before the chemicals start to escape fromthe containers. 近年后来化学物质才开始沉着器中逃逸。It was not long before he came back.不久她就回来了。It was a long time before he got to sleep again.好久她才再次入睡。It was a week before he could tell his story. 一种星期后她才干讲述她的经历。 It wasnt long bef

12、ore he told us about himself. 不久她就给我们讲述了她自己的故事。before可译成“将来得及”He had measured me before I could get a word.我还将来得及插话，她就量好了尺寸。before可译成“趁着还没”Ill write it down before I forget.趁着还没忘我要把它写下来。4. until和till 1)“延续性动词肯定式+until”表达“动作延续到为止，”译为“直到为止”，如：I waited for him until he came back. 我始终等到她回来。2)“终结性动词的否认式+

13、 until”表达“直到才”。He didnt go to bed until he had finished his work. 直到完毕工作她才睡觉。3)用于强调句式“It is not until .that .”It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment.在专家到来之后，我们才开始实验。4) not until放在句首时，主句倒装。Not until he graduated did he succeed in obtaining this compound. 直到她毕业她才成功获得这种化合物。注意

14、句首和强调句中要用until，而不用till；not.until.句型中不用till。5. since引导时间状语从句，意为“自从时起”，主句要用完毕时。Mr. Li has been here since he came back.自从李先生回来后来，她始终在这儿。I havent heard from him since he lived here.自从她住在这儿以来，我就没有收到过她的来信。Ive known Mr. Smith since I was a boy.我小的时候就结识史密斯先生了。6.时间状语从句的省略式 当时间状语从句的主语和主句主语相似或为it，从句又含be动词时，从句

15、可省略主语和be动词。在不产生歧义时，连词也可省去。如：Once (it is) seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦被看见过，永远也不会被忘掉。二、地点状语从句1.地点状语从句重要由where, wherever anywhere, everywhere引导。 We must camp where we can get water. 我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。 I will follow you wherever you go. 无论你到何处我都要跟随你。2.地点状语从句与定语从句的区别：where引导定语从句，从句前应有一种表达地点的名词作先行词。 Go

16、 back where you came from.（where引导地点状语从句） Go back to the village where you came from.（where引导定语从句，village为先行词）三、因素状语从句 因素状语从句由because, as , since, now (that)（既然）, in that（由于，多于口语中）,seeing (that)（鉴于，由于）,considering that（考虑到）等引导。1. because用来回答why提出的问题，表直接的因果关系，用于告知对方不懂得的因素，语调最强，可用于强调句。 He didnt attend

17、 the meeting because he was ill. 她没参与会议，由于她病了。 It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us. 由于她有病，她没有和我们一起去。注意 because和because of的区别：because是连词，引导从句，because of是短语介词，后接名词性词语，如： The football match was put off because it rained. The football match was put off because of the rain. 由于下雨，足球赛延期了。2.

18、since, as, now that引导的因素状语从句，不能用于强调句。since的语调比because稍弱，表达关系上的自然成果，特别用于因素已经清晰了的事情，一般译成“既然，鉴于”（往往放在主句之前）如： Since you have known the secret, I neednt say anything about it. 既然你已经懂得了这个秘密，我就不必说了。as语调最弱，阐明一般的因果关系，表显而易见的因素或倒果为因的说法（可放在主句之前，亦可放在主句之后），如： As he didnt know much English, he got out his dictiona

19、ry and looked up the word “cough”. 她对英语懂得不多，她拿出字典查找“cough”这个词。 As the ground is wet, it must have rained last night.（倒果为因） 昨晚一定下了雨，地面是湿的。 now that用来阐明一种新状况，然后加以推论。now that放句首时that可省略： Now (that) everybody is here, lets begin.3. for也可以表达因素，属并列连词，不是阐明直接因素，而是对某种状况加以推断，表达补充阐明理由。而推断的理由会因人而异。语调很弱，它引出的分句必须

20、放在另一分句后。 He must be ill, for he is absent today.4.因素状语从句有时可以用分词形式体现。 As he was blind, he couldnt see anything. Being blind, he couldnt see anything.四、条件状语从句1由if, unless（if.not）, so/as long as, supposing(that)（假设）, in case（万一, 以防）, so/as far as（就.而言）, on condition that（条件是.）, provided/providing (that

21、)（假若）引导。Tell me about it if you have time.I wont go unless Im invited.Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.You may use the room as/so long as you clean it up afterwards.2.“祈使句+and/or/or else/otherwise+陈述句”的句型中，祈使句在乎义上事实上相称于条件状语从句。 Use your head, and youll find a way. Hurry up or else (otherwis

22、e) youll be late.3. if only也可以引导条件状语从句,只但是较少使用而已。only if也引导条件状语从句，意思是“只有在.条件下” If (only) it clears up, I will go.4.条件状语从句中一般要用一般目前时态表将来。 I will go if you go.5.条件状语从句中的省略问题1)从句主语为it,又有系动词be时，可以省略从句中主语和be动词。 Come tomorrow if (it is) possible. If so, you must get back and get it. 尚有诸如if necessary“如果有必要

23、”，if any“如果有”，if in need“若需要”。2）如果if从句的主语和主句的主语一致，谓语动词又有be,可以把从句中的主语和be省略掉。 If (water is) heated, water sends out steam.6.条件句中的虚拟与倒装 if引导的条件状语从句若与过去或目前事实不符，或对将来进行不也许的假设，就要用虚拟语调。（详见虚拟语调部分）省略if的虚拟条件从句：若条件从句的谓语动词有were, had或should,可以把if省去，而把were，had或should移到主语前构成倒装。Had I arrived there earlier, I would h

24、ave seen him. Were it not for him, I would not have the chance to go home. Should he be here tomorrow, I would give him a hand.五、目的状语从句由so that（以便）， in order that（为了），for fear that（= in case）（以免），lest（以防）引导，谓语常含may, might, can, could, will, would等情态动词。They set out early so that they might arrive at

25、the station in good time.Ill speak slowly so that/in order that you can understand.He wrote the name down for fear that（lest）he would forget.当从句与主句主语一致时，可用to do, so as to do, in order to do构造换用。 He worked day and night in order that he could succeed. He worked day and night in order to succeed.六、成果状

26、语从句1.常用的连词有so that，so . that, such.that, that（带古英语痕迹）。（成果状语从句中一般无情态动词） He had overslept so that he was late for work. My pen fell under my desk that I couldnt see it.2. so/such .that所用句式so + adj（adv) + that从句 The box is so heavy that I cant carry it.so+adj +a/an+单名+ that从句such a/an+adj.+单名+that从句 Sh

27、e is so beautiful a girl that all the boys of our class like her. =She is such a beautiful girl that all the boys of our class like her.so many/few +复名+ that从句 so much/little+不可数名词+ that从句There are so many apples on the desk that we each have one. There is so little water that you cant drink.such +a

28、/an + adj + 单名+ that从句 She is such a good girl that she can help you.such + adj +复名/不可数名+ that从句 It was such bad weather that we all stayed home. He has such interesting books that he keeps reading all day.注意 little表“小，可爱”时，用such不用so修饰。 He is such a little boy that his patents often teach him someth

29、ing.七、方式状语从句 由as, as if (as though)引导。 Do as you like. He spoke as if he had been there before.注意 as if, as though从句与事实相反时用虚拟语调，与事实相符，不用虚拟语调。八、比较状语从句常用连词than, as .as., not as/so. asHe ran as far as he could.Im not as/so tall as he/him.She studies harder than I（study）the more . the more.引导, 且常常以省略形式浮

30、现 The harder you try, the better you will understand.九、让步状语从句由though, although, as, even if/though , no matter wh-, wh-ever词，whether.or（不管.都），when, while等引导。1. though, although这两个连词用法基本同样，只是前者口语化，后者较正式，常位于句首，都不与but连用，但可以和yet，still，nevertheless连用。though还可作副词单独放在句尾，表达“然而”的意思。 Although the TV set is ve

31、ry dear, I still want to buy it. Though /Although he was worn out, he kept on working.2. as引导让步状语时，从句部分用倒装语序，句型为:形容词/副词/名词+ as +主 +谓动词+ as +主 +情态动词Child as he is, he knows a lot.Proud as these nobles are, they are afraid to see me.Great a scientist as he is, he remains modest.Try as I might, I could

32、nt lift the stone.注意 在这种倒装构造中，也可以用though（不太常用），但不可用although. Bravely though the players fought, they had no chance of winning.3. even if（尽管；虽然）, even though（尽管） 这两个复合连词意义基本相似，常用以强调让步概念，有退一步想的意思（有时用于虚拟）。表“虽然”时有假设含义，一般用even if。 Well make trip even if(though) the weather is bad. Even if I were in your

33、place, I wouldnt take the job.（虚拟）4.“whether. or.”可引导让步状语从句 Whether you believe it or not, it is true.5.“no matter + wh-”引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句时“疑问句-ever”相称于“no matter +疑问词”，此时：no matter who = whoeverno matter what = whateverno matter which = whicheverno matter where = whereverno matter how = howeverNo ma

34、tter what happened, he would not mind.Its a nice room no matter whom (whoever) it belongs to.6.“no matter + wh-”构造只能引导让步状语从句，而“wh-ever”形式除引导让步状语从句外，还可以引导名词性从句。 引导名词性从句时：whoever = anyone who任何的人whatever = anything that任何的事（物）whenever = anyplace where任何的地方I will give the book to whoever needs it.I lik

35、e whatever you like.7.when引导让步状语从句时置于主句后虽然却，尽管但 He walks when he might take a taxi.本（应.，可以.）却.。when从句用虚拟式为：could/should . have done She stopped trying when she might succeed next time.8.while引导让步状语从句时置于主句前，与though同，但though从句可到装，while从句不可倒装。9.让步状语从句中用一般目前时表将来。 No matter what he is, he will be punishe

36、d.十、状语从句的省略现象 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语相似或为it, 同步从句谓语含be动词，就可省去从句的主语和be动词。 时间状语从句中：Dont speak until (you are) spoken to.While (I was) in Beijing, I lived with my uncle.I want to go swimming when (it is) possible. 条件状语从句中：Come tomorrow if (it is) possible.If (it is) so, you would be punished.Unless (it is) repa

37、ired, the TV set is of no use. 方式状语从句中：She stood at the gate as if (she was) waiting for someone. 其她状语从句中：Though (it was) cold, he still wore a shirt.Fill in the blanks with proper words where (it is) necessary.练习一、用合适的连词填空：1. Dr. Bethune (白求恩) came to China _ he was fifty.2. He began to work _ he g

38、ot there.3. Lets begin our meeting _everyone is here.4. I like the English people, _ I dont like their food.5. _ you go in China, you can see smiling faces.6. He didnt come to the lecture, _ he was very busy.7. _we had enough time, we walked to the cinema.8. They will help you _ you meet with diffic

39、ulty.9. _ we came to the university, we have learnt quite a lot.10.I didnt join them yesterday evening _ I had to go to an important meeting.11. We would try to get a car _we could all travel together more easily.12. She wouldnt forget her mothers birthday _ she seldom wrote to her family.13. Were d

40、oing everything we can to make things as easy for you _we can.14. The meeting became so disorderly _ the speaker had to shout the audience down.15. He was angrier _ ever before.16. _ you lock all the doors, he can still manage to get in.17. The boy was so tired _ he fell asleep on the bus.18. Hard _

41、 he tried, he couldnt force the door open.二、选择填空1._ youve tried it, you cant imagine how pleasant it is.A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When 2. He left in _ a hurry _ he forgot his key. A. such, that B. so, that C. the same, as D. such, as3. He has loved me _ I were his son. A. because B. as C.

42、if D. as though4. I dont think Ill need any money but Ill bring some _. A. as last B. in case C. once again D. in time5. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _ I could answer.A. as B. since C. before D. until6. We must do it well, _there are a lot of difficulties.A. as i

43、fB. as thoughC. even thoughD. even as 7. _ has taken part in the Athens Olympic Games is worth praising no matter _ he has won medals or not.A. Who; ifB. Anyone; whether C. Whoever; whetherD. Whoever; how 8. -Its a long time _ I saw you last.-Yes, and what a pity it is now that it will be a long tim

44、e _ we see each other again.A. before; sinceB. since; whenC. since; beforeD. when; before 9. The head of the company promised to deal with matters of this sort_ he returned to his office.A. until B. while C. by the timeD. the moment 10. He had already walked three or four miles_ he saw a cart by the

45、 side of the road.A. whileB. when C. the momentD. unless 11. Much _ the young couple needed money to make the down payment for the apartment, they wouldnt ask their parents for help.A. although B. as C. even if D. while 12. I have kept the photo _ I can always see it, as it reminds me of the days wh

46、en I studied in Britain.A. at which B. when C. where D. at the place 13. I would appreciate it _ you can help me with my English this afternoon.A. because B. until C. when D. if 14. _ you may be right, I cant altogether agree.A. As B. While C. If D. Since 15._ was 1998 _ I graduated from the univers

47、ity.A. It; when B. It; that C. That; when D. That; that 16. The famous scientist grew up _ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever 17. “It gives me great joy and I feel more pressure than I did _ I won in China,” Ding Junhui said.A. that B. when C. which

48、D. how 18. Parents should take seriously their childrens requests for sunglasses _ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather. A. because B. through C. unless D. if19. John shut everyone out of the kitchen _ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. A. which B. when C. so that D. as if20.

49、 _ everybody knows about it, I dont want to talk any more. A. For B. Even C. Since D. However三、将下列各句括号内的中文译成英文1. When he got the money, _ (她想怎么花就怎么花)。2. I will go _ (你去的任何地方)。3. _(天一黑)，the lights of the town go on.4. The thief was caught _(当她正要离开银行)。5. _(由于我的秘书不在), I had a great many letters to answ

50、er.6. It was _ (由于汽车太小) that he sold it.7. I sent him the proposals last week _ (为了使她有时间考虑).8. _(尽管她很用功), he never gets good marks.9. You wont shoot the target _ (除非你瞄准).10. _ (不管她读了多少遍课文), she couldnt read it fluently.答案一、1. when; 2. as soon as; 3. as; 4. though; 5. Wherever; 6. because; 7. Since;

51、8. whenever; 9. Since; 10. because; 11. so that; 12. though; 13. as; 14. that; 15. than; 16. Even if; 17. that; 18. as二、AADBC CCCDB BCDBA CBACC三、1.he spent it as he liked2. wherever you go3. As soon as it is dark4. as he was leaving the bank5. As my secretary was away6. only because the car was too small7. so that he might have time to consider them8. Hard as he works9. unless you take aim10. No matter how many times she had read the text健康文档 放心下载 放心阅读