山西省运城市高三英语4月适应性测试试题含解析

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1、山西省运城市2020届高三英语4月适应性测试试题（含解析）本试题满分150分，君试时间120分钟。听力不计入总分，答案一律写在答题卡上。注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡的指定位置上。2.答题时使用0.5毫米的黑色中性（签字）笔或碳素笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。3.请按照题号在各题的答题区域（黑色线框）内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效。4.保持卡面清洁，不折叠，不破损。第I卷第一部分 听力理解（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案 转涂到答题

2、卡上。第一节（共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后面有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最 佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有W秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和 阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例如:How much is the shirt?A. 19.15. B. 9.15. C. 9.18答案是B.1. Where is the man?A. In a bookstore. B. In a library. C. In a waiting room.2. What will the woman probably do this com

3、ing Sunday?A. Study for a test. B. Call on her friend. C. Go on a picnic.3. How many invitations in total does the woman have to send?A. Five. B. Ten . C. Fifteen.4. What did Oliver do last weekend?A. He was at a meeting. B. He went to New York. C. He watched a football match.5. What is the relation

4、ship between the two speakers?A. Waiter and customer. B. Host and guest. C. Salesman and customer.第二节（共15题。每题1.5分，共22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选 项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各令小 题,每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6和7题。6. Whats wrong with the man?A” He has headac

5、hes. B. He has a runny nose. C. He has a temperature.7. When did the problem begin?A. Two weeks ago. B. Two months ago. C. Three months ago听第7段材料，回答第8和9题。8. Where has Barbara been?A. Milan. B. Florence. C. Rome9. What has Barbara got in her suitcase?A. Shoes. B. Stones. C. Books.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.

6、 What is the problem with the womans watch?A. It needs cleaning. B. It is ruined by water. C. It needs a new battery11. What does the shop offer if the woman changes a battery there?A. A free battery. B. One-year guarantee. C. Free cleaning service12. Why can*t the woman have her watch repaired righ

7、t away?A. The man cant fix it at the moment.B. The woman doesnt have enough money on her.C. There is no right battery in the shop now.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. In a supermarket. B. In a department store. C. In a restaurant.14. Why is the man nervous

8、?A. Because this is his first time to China.B” Because he knows nothing about Chinese table manners.C. Because he doesnt know whether he likes Chinese food or not.15. Whats the rule of table manners the woman tells the man to obey?A. To make himself at home.B. To leam to use chopsticks.C. To choose

9、less strong wines.16. What does the man have dinner with?A. Chopsticks. B. A knife and fork. C. A spoon听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. What animals can be seen in the aquarium?A. Sharks. B. Whales. C Polar Hears.1& What food can the visitore give the monkeys to eat?A. Specially prepared food. B. Sweet biscuit

10、s. C. Fruits.19. Where do more than 300 species of birds come from?A. Soutii Africa. B. South America. C. Southeast Asia.20. Who can help the visitors if they have any questions?A. The speaker.B. The friendly feeders.C. The people at the information desk.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下

11、列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D中），选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上 将该项涂黑。AThe popular image of the mountain climber is of a person carefully climbing a steep cliff with a network of safety ropes, but it is not the only kind. Many climbers now enjoy bouldering. Its more accessible and better for the environment.What is boulderi

12、ng?Bouldering is a sport that involves climbing on, over, and around boulders up to approximately twenty feet above the ground. Participants employ no safety ropes.Why boulder?improve your climbing skills by focusing on basicsplaces to climb, such as climbing walls at gyms and parks, easy to findles

13、s time commitment to bouldering than to mountain climbingintellectual and physical enjoyment as one solves problemsBouldering Termscrimp: a very small handholdfoothold: a place where one may place a foot to aid in climbing boulderjug： a very large handhold that is easy to use problem:The path up a b

14、oulder is referred to as the problemthat one must solve. The solutionis the sequence of moves one makes up and over a boulder.Here is an example of a climber addressing a bouldering problem.Figure 1: The climber has two routes she could take, one to the left and one to the right. The left one appear

15、s easier because it has a jug within easy reach, but look what happens if she chooses that direction. She gets stuck on the rock and has to go back down. Sometimes that is even more difficult than going up.Figure 2: The climber takes the one to the right this time. Using a foothold and placing her r

16、igh hand in a crimp, she is able to lift herself up and locate other handholds. After only a few moves, she is able to throw her leg over the top of the boulder and pull herself up.1. What can we leam about bouldering?A. It is a popular indoor sport.B. It is a kind of climbing without ropes,C. It ne

17、eds maps and equipment.D. It is a steep cliff climbing.2. Why does bouldering become popular?A. Because it challenges the limits.B. Because it is not readily available.C. Because it builds minds and bodies.D. Because it ia a team game.3. According to the example, what is the right route usually like

18、?A. It is a shortcut.B. It a dead end.C. It is tough but to the top.D. It is lined with jugs.【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C【解析】本文介绍没有安全绳的攀岩运动。登山者的流行形象是用一根安全绳，一个人小心翼翼地爬上陡峭的悬崖，但这并不是唯一的一种。许多登山者现在都喜欢抱石。它更容易接近，也更适合环境。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据What is bouldering?中Participants employ no safety ropes.可知，bouldering没有安全感。故B项正确。【2题详解

19、】细节理解题。根据Why boulder?中improve your climbing skills by focusing on basics places to climb, such as climbing walls at gyms and parks, easy to find less time commitment to bouldering than to mountain climbing intellectual and physical enjoyment as one solves problems可知，Bouldering变得受欢迎是因为它建立了精神和身体上的快乐。故

20、C项正确。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据Figure 2：The climber takes the one to the right this time. using a foothold and placing her right hand in a crimp, she is able to life herself up and locate other handholds. After only a few moves, she is able to throw her leg over the top of the boulder and pull herself up.可知，根据这

21、个例子，右边的路线是艰难的，但能达到顶峰。故C项正确。BI have learned something about myself since I moved from Long Island to Florida three years ago. Even though I own a home in Port St. Lucie just minutes from the ocean, an uncontrollable urge wells up to return to Long Island even as others make their way south. I guess I

22、 am a snowbird stuck in reverse. Instead of enjoying Floridas mild winters, I willingly endure the severe weather on Long Island, the place I called home for 65 years.Im like a migratory bird that has lost its sense of timing and direction, my wings flapping a- gainst season.So what makes me fly aga

23、inst the tide of snowbirds? The answer has a lot to do with my reluctance to give up the things that define who I am. Once I hear that the temperature on Long Island has dipped into the range of 40 to 50 degrees, I begin to long for the sight and crackling sound of a wood fire. I also long for the b

24、right display o colors first in the all trees, and then in the limits around homes and at Rockefeller Center. Floridians decorate too, but cant create the special feel of a New England winter.I suppose the biggest reason why I telum is to celebrate the holidays with people I havent seen in months. W

25、hat could be better than sitting with family and friends for a Thanksgiving turkey din ner, or watching neighbors children excitedly open gifts on Christmas? Even the first snowfall seems special. I especially enjoy seeing a bright red bird settling on a snow-covered branch ( My wife and I spend win

26、ters at a retirement community in Ridge, and Im grateful that I dont have to shovel.）While these simple pleasures are not unique to Long Island, they are some of the reasmis why I come back. Who says you cant go home?4. What does the underlined word snowbird in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. A person spend

27、ing winter in a warmer climate.B. A bird seen chiefly in winter.C. A person permanently living in a foreign country.D. A bird flying to the south in winter.5. Whats the difference between Florida and Long Island?A. Winters in Long Island are milder.B. The snowbirds in Long Island are rarer.C. Weathe

28、r in Long Island is severer.D. Long Island is nearer to the ocean.6. What did the author miss most when he was in FloridaA. The cold temporature.B. The colorful light display.C. The family gathering.D. The winter landscape.7. Whats the authors purpose in writing the text?A. To praise the beauty and

29、warmth of his hometown.B. To describe his dream to be a free bird.C. To explain the reasons for moving from his hometown.D. To express his feeling of missing his hometown.【答案】4. A 5. C 6. C 7. D【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文。作者解释了自己思念故乡的原因。【4题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段中Instead of enjoying Floridas mild winters, I willingly end

30、ure the severe weather on Long Island, the place I called home for 65 years.“我没有享受佛罗里达州温和的冬天，而是心甘情愿地忍受长岛的恶劣天气，在那里我称之为家，已经有65年了。”由此可知划线词指的是“在温暖的气候中过冬的人。”故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据Floridas mild winters和the severe weather on Long Island可知，长岛天气更糟。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中What could be better than sitting with fami

31、ly and friends for a Thanksgiving turkey din ner, or watching neighbors children excitedly open gifts on Christmas?“有什么能比和家人朋友坐在一起吃感恩节火鸡大餐，或者看着邻居的孩子兴奋地打开圣诞礼物更好的呢?”由此推知，作者在佛罗里达最想念“家庭聚会。”故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据Instead of enjoying Floridas mild winters, I willingly endure the severe weather on Long Island,

32、the place I called homefor 65 years.（我不爱佛州的温和，甘愿忍受长岛的严寒）the biggest reason why I return，the reasons why I come back.可知作者为了抒发思乡之情。故选D。【点睛】做词义猜测题时，利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，最常见的就是利用上下文语境、常识和语法关系推断词义。尤其要抓住所需推断词汇前后的内容。本题第1小题，根据第一段中Instead of enjoying Floridas mild winters, I willingly endure the s

33、evere weather on Long Island, the place I called home for 65 years.“我没有享受佛罗里达州温和的冬天，而是心甘情愿地忍受长岛的恶劣天气，在那里我称之为家，已经有65年了。”由此可知划线词指的是“在温暖的气候中过冬的人。”故选A。CIts undeniable that spending time outdoors and in nature lifts our spirits and makes us feel more centered and at peace. When we breathe in fresh air, a

34、nd enjoy the beauty of trees, streams and oceans, we naturally tend to feel more connected to ourselves and others.Over the past decade, scientists have been exploring why nature and dirt specifically is such a powerful tool in improving our mood. According to researchers, the secret may lie in the

35、microbes （微生物）of the soil. One bacterium specifically-Mycobacterium Vaccae （M. Vaccae） has been identified as having the power to affect our moods and cognitive function as well.Experiments conducted at Sage Colleges in New York found that contact with M. Vaccae can increase serotonin levels in the

36、brain a chemical that is associated with higher levels of happiness ,increased focus, and reduced anxiety. In order to explore how the bacteria can improve learning, researchers Dory Mathews and Susan Jenks experimented with mice in a maze. Mice that ingested the bacteria navigated the maze twice as

37、 fast as the control group and proved less anxious as well.Humans can absorb M. Vaccae just by playing in the dirt. We take in it when we breathe, we consume it in organic vegetables, and it can also enter our bloodstream through skin contact, especially where we have open cuts. This may explain why

38、 children in school perform better after break.Neuroscientist Christopher Lowry at the University of Bristol in England believes that he has i- dentified why this incredible bacterium works. What we think happens is that the bacteria activate immune cells, which release chemicals called cytokines th

39、at then act on receptors on the sensory nerves to increase their activity. ”Beyond the power of M. Vaceae, scientists have been proving for decades that exposure to dirt, and the huge number of microbes found in dirt, can strengthen our immune system. When our body comes into contact with bacteria,

40、it stores die infonnation in a type of library and can then use that information to fight sickness and infection more effectively.Happiness, focus, less anxietyIll take a double dose of dirt; please!8. What raises peoples spirits while spending time outdoors?A. Air.B. Trees.C. WaterD. Dirt.9. How do

41、es M. Vaccae work?A. By working on sensory nerves.B. By fighting sickness and infisction,C. By strengthening the immune system.D. By making immune cells active.10. According to the text, what does the author intend to do next?A. Provide some advice on reducing anxiety for readers,B. Summarize the pr

42、evious paragraphs about lifting ones mood.C. Explain how he or she will expose himself or herself to dirt.D. Introduce a new topic related to dirt for discussion.11. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Fight Sickness and Infection More EffectivelyB. How Getting Dirty Can Actually lift Your

43、MoodC. Lets Take a Deep Breath of Fresh AirD. Enjoy Beauty and Naturally Connect to Others【答案】8. D 9. D 10. C 11. B【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述的是“泥土”让人们在户外活动时精神振奋以及它如何能提升你的心情。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Over the past decade, scientists have been exploring why nature and dirt specifically is such a powerful tool in imp

44、roving our mood.“在过去的十年里，科学家们一直在探索为什么大自然尤其是泥土是改善我们情绪的有力工具。”可知，“泥土”让人们在户外活动时精神振奋。故选D。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第五段中What we think happens is that the bacteria activate immune cells, which release chemicals called cytokines that then act on receptors on the sensory nerves to increase their activity.“我们认为细菌激活了免疫细

45、胞，免疫细胞释放一种叫做细胞因子的化学物质，然后作用于感觉神经上的受体，增加它们的活性。”可知，M. Vaccae通过激活免疫细胞来工作的。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段Happiness, focus, less anxietyIll take a double dose of dirt; please!可知作者接下来打算解释他或她将如何把自己暴露在泥土里。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段Its undeniable that spending time outdoors and in nature lifts our spirits and makes us f

46、eel more centered and at peace. When we breathe in fresh air, and enjoy the beauty of trees, streams and oceans, we naturally tend to feel more connected to ourselves and others.“不可否认的是，花时间在户外和大自然提高我们的精神，使我们感到更集中和和平。当我们呼吸新鲜空气，欣赏树木、溪流和海洋的美丽时，我们自然会感到与自己和他人的联系更加紧密。”可知，本文最佳主题是“变脏如何能提升你的心情”。故选B。DIt is be

47、coming increasingly important for researchers to closely monitor our ocean life. However, observing sea creatures Up close is almost impossible since human presence scares them. Now, thanks to The Soft Robotic Fish, also known as SoFi, researchers may be able to keep a close eye on the sea creatures

48、.Built by MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory ( CSAIL), the white re- mote-controlled robot resembles the real fish, complete with a tail that waves from side to side. Though not the first autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) created to monitor the ocean , SoFi set- tles many

49、of the problems that have blocked the usefulness of the previous robot fish.Previous AUVs have had to be linked to boats because radio frequency communications dont work well underwater. To overcome the problem, Director of die CSALL Daniela Rus and her team used sound waves. The technology can trav

50、el greater distances allowing divers to pilot SoFi from up to 50 feet away.Also limiting the usefulness of traditional AUVs is the risk of collision. With the outside made of soft silicone （硅树脂）rubber and flexible plastic that keeps its inbuilt electronics dry, SoFi poses no such danger. Collision a

51、voidance often leads to unnecessary movement, since the robot has to settle for a collision-free path , says Rus. In contrast, a soft robot is not only more likely to survive a collision but also could use it as information to form a more workable movement plan next time around. During test dives, S

52、oFi moved alongside the ocean life at depths of 50 feet for up to 40 minutes at a time, taking photos and making videos. The researchers say sometimes the fish would swim a- longside the strange-looking robot-fish out of curiosity, while at other times they took no notice of its existence.While SoFi

53、 presently only records video, future versions will include sensors. The researchers also hope to make it more autonomous. We imagine someday it might help us uncover more secrets from the amazing underwater world that we know so little about, says Rus.12. What does the water think of SoFi?A. It mak

54、es ocean creature detection easier.B. It is the first AUV.C. It is closely controlled.D. It scares sea animals away.13. According to para 3, which of the following is ture?A. Sound waves travel faster than radioB. Sound waves work better than radio underwater.C. Previous AUVs use sound Avaves to com

55、municate.D. A boat travels along with SoFi on the water.14. How does SoFi deal with collision?A. It can benefit farom its inbuilt electronics.B. It can avoid extra movement.C. It can smartly adjust its movement plan.D. It is set for a collision-free path.15. What will happen to SoFi in the future?A.

56、 SoFi can record videos.B. SoFi will go invisibleC. SoFi will be free from external control.D. SoFi will be equipped with smart devices.【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了SoFi的出现，使得研究人员可能能够密切关注海洋生物了。【12题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在第二段Built by MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laborator

57、y (CSAIL), the white remote-controlled robot resembles the real fish, complete with a tail that waves from side to side.（这款白色遥控机器人由麻省理工学院计算机科学与人工智能实验室制造，外形酷似真实的鱼，尾巴左右摆动。）由此可知SoFi的尾巴很灵活，故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在第三段Previous AUVs havehad to be linked to boats because of radio frequency communications dont

58、 work well underwater.（以前的无人潜水器必须与船只连接，因为无线电频率通讯在水下不能很好地工作。）故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在倒数第三段“ In contrast, a soft robot is not only more likely to survive a collision but also could use it as information to form a more workable movement plan next time around.”可知SoFi与传统AUVs的不同之处在于它可以灵活地调整它的运动计划，故选C。【15题详解

59、】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句While SoFi presently only records video, future versions will include sensors.“虽然SoFi目前只记录视频，未来的版本将包括传感器。”可知，未来SoFi将配备智能设备。故选D。【点睛】做推理判断题时，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。本题第4小题，根据最后一段第一句While SoFi presently only records video, future

60、versions will include sensors.“虽然SoFi目前只记录视频，未来的版本将包括传感器。”可知，未来SoFi将配备智能设备。故选D。第二节（共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。Post-truthwas chosen by Oxford Dictionaries as the Word of the Year 2020. Indeed, digital misinformation is on the rise and it is hard for people to distingui

61、sh. _16_Before the dawn of the Internet, Canadians regularly turned to trusting their preferred newspapers or radio stations for the latest news. _17_ Its now coming at you from so many different sources that you need to take responsibility for what youre seeing.Experts recommend relying on a range

62、of sources instead of just one, but looking into them first. _18_ For example, the people connected, where theyre based, and their intention. A lack of information is certainly a warning.Next, learning to recognize misinfonnation is important. False news spreads mostly through social media. So if yo

63、ure looking at news on Facebook, you have to handle it in a wiser way._19_ Is it from a well-informed relative or a friend who regularly expresses extreme views? And whatever you do, only by clicking through can you see whether the information is accurate._20_ It has no limits in achieving that goal

64、, so it plays on feelings and uses improper language. Therefore, if you feel excited to share something immediately, thats the time you should stop and ask, Is it accurate?If we all take that extra little pause, well be able to stop this false thing from spreading.A. Sources that are reliable tell you about themselves.B. Fortunately, there are some simple ways to tell facts from fiction.C. Consider whos sharing it if i