英语专业英美文学文学汇总

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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date英语专业英美文学文学汇总英语专业英美文学文学汇总Literature terms1Epic : a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epi

2、cs were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.（史诗） 2Romance: It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero.（传奇文学） 3Heroic Couplet: the rhymed couplet of iambic pen

3、tameter. (英雄双韵体)4Iambic Pentameter: is the most common English meter, in which each foot contains an unaccented syllable and an accented syllable. (五音步抑扬格)meter 格律 foot音步5ballad: is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.（歌谣）6Sonnet: It is a lyric po

4、em of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme.（十四行诗） 7Blank verse: is a type of poetry, distinguished by having a regular meter, but no rhyme.（无韵诗）8Soliloquy: an utterance or discourse by a person who is talking to himself/ herself or is disregardful of or obliv

5、ious to any hearers present (often used as a device in a drama to disclose a characters innermost thoughts); 2. the act of talking while or as if alone(独白)9Classicism: Aesthetic attitudes and principles manifested in the art, architecture, and literature of ancient Greece and Rome and characterized

6、by emphasis on form, simplicity, proportion, and restraint. Classicism was popular in Europe in the 18th century.（古典主义）10Neo-classicism: neo-classicism imitated the characteristics of Roman writers, including Horace, Virgil, Cicero, etc., in the days of Augustus. They tried to make English literatur

7、e conform to rules and principles established by the great Roman and Greek classical writers. In writing plays, they used rhyme and couplet instead of blank verse, observed the trinity - the unity of time, place and action.（新古典主义）11An epistolary novel is a novel written as a series of documents. The

8、 usual form is letters, although diary entries, newspaper clippings and other documents are sometimes used.（书信体小说）12Sentimentalism is one of the important trends in English literature of the middle and later decades of the 18th century. It justly criticized the cruelty of the capitalist relations an

9、d the gross social injustices brought about by the bourgeoisrevolutions. It embraces a pessimistic outlook and blames reason and the Industrial Revolution, marked by a sincere sympathy for the poverty-stricken ,expropriated peasants.(感伤主义)Romanticism: Romanticism is a literary trend. It prevails in

10、England during the period 1798-1832. romanticists expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes and social strata who were discontent with and opposed to the development of capitalism. They split into two groups because of the different attitudes toward the capitalist society.（浪漫主义）Ode is a

11、lyric poem of some length that honors an individual, a thing, a trait dealing with a lofty theme in a dignified manner. The form dates back to classical times and is originally intended to be sung at festivals or in plays. Brief Outline of British Literature：works1. Early and Medieval English Litera

12、ture1) The Anglo-Saxon Period (449-1066) National epic: The Song of Beowulf 2) The Anglo-Norman Period (1066-1350) Arthurian Romance: Sir Gawain and Green Knight 3) Geoffrey Chaucer1340-1400：Messenger of Humanism The first important realistic writer “Father” of English poetry The Canterbury Tales th

13、e wife of Bath（巴斯夫人）, the Knight（骑士）, the Pardoner（卖赎罪卷者）, the Nuns Priest（尼姑的教士）, the Prologue（序诗）.The Romaunt of the Rose 玫瑰传奇The Book of the Duchess 悼公爵夫人 Troilus and Criseyde 特罗伊洛斯和克瑞西德Thomas MaloryMorte dArthur (Death of Arthur)亚瑟之死William LanglandPiers the Plowman Boccaccio薄伽丘：Decameron十日谈 Ovi

14、d奥维德: 爱的艺术变形记2. The English Renaissance (16 century) Thomas More Utopia Christopher Marlowe克里斯托弗马洛First person used blank verse Death of Arthur 亚瑟之死Tamburlaine the Great 帖木儿大帝The Jew of Malta 马尔他岛的犹太人 The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧 Hero and Leander海洛和利安得The Passionate Shepherd to His

15、 Love牧羊人的恋歌William Shakespeareone of the founders of realism in world literature as well as in English literatureVenus and Adonis维纳斯与安东尼斯The Rape of Lucrece鲁克里斯受辱记Four tragedies： Hamlet哈姆雷特Othello 奥塞罗King Lear 李尔王 Macbeth麦克白Four comedies：A Midsummer Nights Dream 仲夏夜之梦The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人As Yo

16、u Like It皆大欢喜Twelfth Night 第十二夜Ben Jonson本琼森first poet- laureate after Shakespeare the most eminent writer for the Elizabethan stagethe greatest dramatist after Shakespearethe founder of the so-called “Comedy of Humors”, Every Man in His Humor人人高兴Every Man Out of His Humor人人扫兴Volpone 福尔蓬奈the Fox狐狸Th

17、e Alchemist 炼金术士 Sir Thomas Wyatt托马斯怀亚特Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey 亨利霍华德萨里伯爵Sir Philip Sidney 西德尼Astrophel and Stella爱星者和星星Arcadia阿卡狄亚The Defence of Poetry诗辩Edmund Spenser埃德蒙斯宾塞the Poets poet , a model of poetical artgreatest non-dramatic poet of his timefirst master of English verseThe Shepherds C

18、alendar 牧人月历Amoretti 爱情小诗The Fairy Queen仙后Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯 培根The father of experimental philosophyThe most important prose writer of the Elizabethan Age the first English essayistthe founder of English materialist philosophy.The Advancement of Learning学术的进展The Novum Organum (The New Instrument) 新工

19、具The New Atlantis新大西岛The Essays 散文集(Of Studies)3. The Period of The English Bourgeois Revolution (17 century) John Milton约翰弥尔顿the smartest man in Europe a master of the blank verseParadise Lost失乐园 Paradise Regained复乐园 Samson Agonistes力士参孙Lycidas 利西达斯Comus科玛斯a masque假面剧John Bunyan约翰班扬Pilgrims Progres

20、s 天路历程 Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinner功德无量The Life and Death of Mr. Badman恶人先生的生平和死亡贝德曼先生的一生The Holy War神圣战争John Donne约翰邓恩Founder of Metaphysical poetry选学派诗人Songs and Sonnets歌与短歌Holy sonnet圣十四行诗Divine poem神圣诗歌Elegies and Satire挽歌与讽刺诗Meditations冥想/ 沉思4. The Age of Enlightenment (18 century) Al

21、exander Pope亚历山大蒲柏Essay on Criticism论批评The Rape of the Lock夺发记Joseph Addison约瑟夫艾狄生andRichard Steel理查德斯蒂尔The Tatler and The SpectatorDaniel Defoe丹尼尔笛福18世纪启蒙时期现实主义小说的奠基人Robinson CrusoeCaptain Singleton辛格顿船长Colonel Jacque杰克上校Moll Flanders茉尔弗兰德丝A Journal of the Plague Year瘟疫记事Jonathan Swift乔纳森斯威夫特One of

22、 the greatest masters of English prosea master satirist Gullivers TravelsA Tale of a Tub 一个木桶的故事The Battle of Books书的战争The Drapiers Letters一个麻布商的书信A Modest Proposal一个小小的建议 Samuel Richardson 塞谬尔理查逊Pamela 帕美勒 Clarissa: Or the History of a Young Lady克拉丽莎The History of Sir Charles Grandison 查尔斯葛兰底森爵士传He

23、nry Fielding亨利菲尔丁最早的现实主义小说理论家现实主义小说奠基人Tom Jones汤姆琼斯Don Quixote in England唐吉诃德在英国Pasqin 巴斯昆 The Historical Register for the Year 1736 一七三六年历史记事The Tragedy of Tragedies or The Life and Death of Tom Thumb the Great悲剧的悲剧：或伟人汤姆传Joseph Andrews约瑟夫安德鲁斯的经历Jonathan Wild the Great大伟人乔纳森魏尔德Amelia阿米丽亚Samuel John

24、son塞缪尔约翰逊As Lexicographer or The Dictionary of the English Language英语词典 Oliver Goldsmith戈德史密斯Ano velist and poet belongs to the school of Sentimentalism She Stoops to Conquer屈伸求爱 The Vicar of Wakefield 威克菲尔德牧师传The Traveler and The Deserted Village The Citizen of the World世界公民 Richard Brinsley Sherid

25、an 谢里丹 The School for Scandal 造谣学校Comedy of Manners风尚喜剧 Thomas Gray 格雷- sentimentalismOn the Death of a Favorite Cat 爱猫之死Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard 墓园挽歌 The Progress of Poetry 诗的发展The Correspondence of Thomas Gray格雷书信集 William Blake威廉 布莱克Tiger 老虎Songs of Innocence天真之歌Songs of Experience经验

26、之歌The Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的婚姻Robert Burns-罗伯特 彭斯- pre-romanticismthe most famous poets of the peasants in the worldA red red rose 我的爱人像朵红红的玫瑰 5. Romanticism in England (19 century) Poetry William Wordsworth华兹华斯The prelude序曲Lyrical Ballads 抒情歌谣集I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud我好似一朵流云独自漫步To th

27、e 咏水仙S. T. Coleridge柯林律治The Rime of the Ancient Mariner古舟子咏古水手谣Kubla khan 忽必烈汗 George Gordon Byron乔治 戈登 拜伦One of the most excellent representatives of English Romanticismone of the most influential poets of the timeHours of Idleness 闲暇时刻Child Harolds Pilgrimage 恰尔德哈罗德游记.Don Juan唐璜She Walks in Beauty

28、 Percy Bysshe Shelley雪莱Prometheus Unbound 解放了的普罗米修斯Queen Mab 仙后麦布Address to the Irish People告爱尔兰人书The Revolt of Islam 伊斯兰的反叛 The Masque of Anarchy暴政的行列The Cenci钦契一家A Defence of Poetry 诗辩The Necessity of Atheism无神论的必要性Ode to the West Wind10. To a Skylark致云雀John Keats济慈Lamia莱米亚Endymion恩底弥翁On First Loo

29、king into Chapmans Homer初读查普曼译荷马史诗Isaabella 伊莎贝拉The Eve of St. Agnes圣爱格尼斯节前夕Hyperion赫坡里昂On a Grecian Urn 希腊古瓮颂To Autumn秋颂On Melancholy忧郁颂To a Nightingale 夜莺颂Prose fiction Walter Scott司各特the first novelist to recreate the pastWaverleyOld MoralityRob RoyThe Heart of MidlothianIvanhoe艾凡赫Rob Roy Novel J

30、ane Austen 简奥斯丁Northanger Abbey诺桑觉寺 Sense and Sensibility理智与情感 Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见Mansfield Park曼斯菲尔德花园 Emma爱玛Persuasion 劝告 Romantic essay Charles Lamb查尔斯兰姆Tales from Shakespeare莎士比亚戏剧故事集Album VersesEssays of Elia伊利亚随笔 William Hazlitt威廉赫列特Thomas De Quincey托马斯德昆西6. The Victorian Age - Critical R

31、ealism in England (19 century) Novel Charles Dickens查尔斯狄更斯Oliver Twist雾都孤儿The Old Curiocity Shop老古玩店The Pickwick Papers匹克威克外传 fill in the BlanksBeowulf is a folk legend brought to England by the Anglo-Saxons from their primitive Northern Europe.Beowulf was passed down from mouth to mouth.Beowulf was

32、 written down in the 10th century.Humanism refers to the literary culture in the Renaissance. Humanism became the central theme of English Renaissance. Thomas More and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanistsHumanism is the idea that man has a potential for culture w

33、hich distinguishes him from lower orders of beings, and which he should strive constantly to fulfill. The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture, the new discoveries in geography and astrology, the re

34、ligious reformation and the economic expansion.Early Plays in Middle Ages include The Miracle Play奇迹剧 The Morality Play道德剧The Interlud幕间休息剧 The Classical Drama古典剧The immediate predecessors of Shakespeare were a group of men from the two universities of Oxford and Cambridge, who were generally known

35、as the University WitsThe key-note of Hamlets character is melancholy，and there can be no Hamlet without melancholyHamlet is a hero of the RenaissanceHamlets learning , wisdom, noble nature, limitation and tragedy are all representative of the humanists at the turn of the 17th and the 16th centuries

36、.Shakespeare was skilled in many poetic forms: the song, the sonnet, the couplet, and the dramatic blank verse;He was a great master of English language;He was the summit of the English Renaissance and one of the great writers all over the world. Adam and Eve embody Miltons belief in the powers of m

37、an, craving (longing) for knowledge.Satan is a rebel against tyranny and Satan and his followers resemble a republican ParliamentEnglish enlighteners believed in the power of reason. That is why the 18th century has often been called “the age of reason” or “the kingdom of reason”.Most of the enlight

38、eners believed that social problems could be solved by human intelligence.this period was characterized by the so-called neo-classicism of which the leading figure was Alexander Pope. The representative of Periodical Literature in Early 18th Century England: Addison and SteeleThe best part of Robins

39、on Crusoe is the realistic account of the successful struggle of Robinson alone against the pitiless forces of nature on the island.A social fable consists of four books. The hero of the novel is Lemuel Gulliver, a doctor. telling about his fantastic visits to some unbelievable places, in which the

40、inhabitants are Lilliputians, the giants Brobdingnagians, Yahoos, and Houyhnhnms. The features of the Romantic writings a dissatisfaction with the bourgeois society.Romantic writings are filled with strong-willed heroes or even titanic images, formidable events and tragic situations, powerful confli

41、cting passions and exotic picturesThe romanticists paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of manPersonified nature plays an important role in the pages of Romantic writingsThe publication of the “Lyrical Ballads” marked the break with the conventional poetical tradition of the 18th

42、 centuryi wandered lonely contains four six-lined stanzas of iambic tetrameter.The poem is about The beauty of natureQuestion1What is Literature？Literature refers to the practice and profession of writing. It comes from human interest in telling a story, in arranging words in artistic forms, in desc

43、ribing in words some aspects of human experiences. 2What is Renaissance? 1. Definition The Renaissance (14th mid-17th century), which means rebirth and revival. The renaissance, therefore, in essence, is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of tho

44、se old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church(罗马天主教堂). It is characterized with the growth of a more scientific outlook, major developme

45、nt in art and literature, new invention and overseas discoveries and a general assertion of human value and emancipation(解放) of the human intellect and power.3Summarize the periods of Shakespeares literary career and achievements？Shakespeares Literary Careern Four successive periods with increasing

46、maturityu 1588-1593, the Period of Experiment and Preparationl Richard III, a melodramatic chronicle-history play, largely imitative of Marlowe and yet showing striking powerl At the end of this period Shakespeare issued two rather long narrative poems on classical subjects, Venus and Adonis and The

47、 Rape of Lucreceu 1594-1601, the second period Shakespeares work, filled with chronicle-history plays and comediesl Richard II, Henry IV, Henry V, etc.l Midsummer Nights Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Much Ado about Nothing, As You Like Itl Romeo and Julietu 1601-1609, the third period of Shakespear

48、es literary career, in which appeared Shakespeares great tragedies and certain cynical playsl In these plays, Shakespeare sets himself to grapple with the deepest and darkest problems of human characters and lifel Shakespeares four great tragediesn Hamlet: the struggle of a perplexed and divided sou

49、l/selfn Othello: the ruin of a noble life/ man by an evil one through the terrible power of jealousyn King Lear: unnatural ingratitude working its hateful will and yet thwarted at the end by its own excess and by faithful loven Macbeth: the destruction of a large nature by material ambitionu After 1

50、609, the fourth period of Shakespeares literary career, a period of romance-comediesl Shakespeare did not solve the insoluble problems of life, but having presented them as powerfully, perhaps, as is possible for human intelligence, he turned in his last period to the expression of the serene philos

51、ophy of lifel Cymbeline, The Winters Tale, and The Tempest(1) Shakespeare is one of the founders of realism in world literature. He maintains that the purpose of dramatic performance is to hold, as it were, the mirror up to nature. In his works, he paints the decline of the old feudal nobility and t

52、he vice of the new Tudor monarch. Besides, his plays have good plots and life-like characters too. His drama is an expression, a monument of the English Renaissance since he wrote about his own people for his own time. (2)Shakespeare is amazingly prolific Within 22 years, he produced 37 plays, 154 s

53、onnets, and 2 long poems. No two of his play invoke the same feeling or image among the audience. He is a master-hand for every form of drama-comedy, tragedy, and historical plays. He gives us a world of full-blooded people who live and struggle, suffer and rejoice-representing all the complexities

54、and implications of real life. (3)Shakespeare was skilled in many poetic forms: the song, the sonnet, the couplet, and the dramatic blank verse. And he is a great master of the English language. He used a vocabulary largerthananyotherEnglishwritersManyofhisnewcoinageand turnsofexpressionshave become

55、 every-day usage in English life. Shakespeare and the Authorized Version of the English Bible are the two great treasures of the English language. (4)Hence,Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance, and one of the greatest writers the world over.3Chauc

56、ers Contribution？1. He introduced from Italy and France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter (heroic couplet) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. 2. He was the first great poet who wrote in English language (

57、Middle English), thus establishing English as the literary language.3. He did much in making the London dialect the foundation for modern English language4What is the Enlightenment Movement?The 18th century marked the beginning of an intellectual movement in Europe, known as the Enlightenment, which

58、 was, on the whole, an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism.What is romanticism? What about its feature?1. The general feature is a dissatisfaction with the bourgeois soc

59、iety.2. Their writings are filled with strong-willed heroes or even titanic images, formidable events and tragic situations, powerful conflicting passions and exotic pictures. 3. The romanticists paid great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of man.Personified nature plays an important ro

60、le in the pages of their works.文学赏析Beowulf:-national epic(1) Goodness conquers evil. (Beowulf stands for all that is good, brave and proper, while the monsters stand for evil.) (2) Men against nature (The poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hos

61、tile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.) (3) Judge the greatness of a human being by the greatness of his deeds and his noble ancestry. (4) Help thy neighbor. (Beowulf risks his life to help a neighbor, King Hrothgar, in trouble.) (5) Forces of darkness irrational, menacing

62、are always at work in society. The writing features of Beowulf1). The most important is in alliterative(头韵的) verse and in artistic form.2). Another is the frequent use of metaphors and understatements(暗含的意义) for ironical humor.The Faerie(Fairy) Queene and Comments a long poem 1 The dominating thoughts of it: nationalism, humanism