开放英语3学习笔记发送版-完型填空

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1、英语(1)学习笔记-完型填空之前已经给人们发送了英语(1)学习笔记-交际用语部分和语法与构造部分，这次我们再学习完形填空部分。一、内容简介l 完形填空部分重要考察语法、词汇知识及其运用，一般是一篇短文，10个小题，每题2分，共20分。l 从7月开始，完形填空部分所给选项从4个改为3个，难度有所减少。二、做题技巧完型填空考察的是综合语言能力，规定较高。它不同于单句填空，规定从单句理解水平提高到语篇的理解水平。也就是说，做完形填空题不仅要有相称的语法、词汇知识及其运用能力，并且要具有一定的语篇分析能力，良好的语感和逻辑思维能力以及相对广泛的背景知识。诸多人常常在这道题上失分较多。其实做好完形填空并

2、不难，每种考试均有一定的规律可循，掌握这些规律和技巧做题就能事半功倍。答题环节和技巧如下：1、通读全文，掌握大意 做完形填空题，先不要忙着做下面的选择项，而应当迅速通读全文，忽视空白，掌握文章大意、文章构造和各部分的逻辑关系。只有通过对全文的阅读、思考和整体观测，才干根据上下文所提供的信息去做出推理判断，从而选出最佳答案。一定不要读一行填一空，要懂得，四个选项中就文章某一句而言，也许二个三个甚至四个都是可选的，而就全文而言，只有一种是最佳的。【例】It was one of the most _ and tiring games Ive ever had. In a way, I think

3、we both won the game. A. encouraging B. hopeless C. surprising D. regular 【解析】就本句而言，A、B、C、D 中四个形容词能用and 和tiring相连的有 B 、C 两个选项。但是根据最后一句In a way, I think we both won: I the game, 阐明我最后赢了比赛。因此B选项hopeless是不合适的。 浏览全文时要重点理解文中所论述的人物、时间、地点、事件，即who, when, where, what.而要理解全文大意，文章开头第一句是全文的窗口，是解题指南，我们往往可以从第一句中判

4、断文章的体裁，预测全文的主题思想。 2、瞻前顾后，逐句细读 通读完全文后，大体理解了短文大意和篇章构造，就可以开始以句子为单位仔细进行阅读，逐个填空。在具体选择中要注意如下几点： （1）根据选项的不同词义判断答案 有些完形填空题考的是对不同单词词义的辨别能力。【例】Then Ed first phoned and _ we play. Adeclared B. mentioned C. persuaded D. suggested 【解析】这句话讲的是“Ed 打电话建议/建议（suggest）和我进行打球比赛”。declare（声明）用词太大；mention（提到一件事/一种人） 和persu

5、ade （说服）在本句中用法不当，suggest we （should）play 是虚拟语调。因此答案为D。 （2） 根据社会及生活常识推断答案 有些题要根据常识来判断。完形填空自身考的是综合能力，文章自身蕴涵着各类有关知识。如果有丰富的社会生活常识，会使文章问题简朴化，也是综合能力的一种体现。【例】His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although the family often _ about that, Ed refused to buy a larger T-shirt

6、 or to lose weight. A. cared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked 【解析】这一句讲Ed胖的肚子像气球同样突了出来，根据实际生活经验应当可以判断，家里人常常笑话（joke）她。但她还是不去买宽敞（larger）的衬衣来掩盖突出的肚子；也不减肥以减小已经很大的肚子。care about something 表达“在乎，关怀”，是静态动词，不适合用often 来修饰。forget和本句逻辑不相符；quarrel与实际生活不相符。 （3） 根据上下文所提供的信息判断答案 完形填空题中，有许多前面的空白处选项取决于上下文中提供的有关信息。【例】I

7、laughed quietly, figuring on an _ victory. A. unforgettable B. unexpected C. easy D. early 【解析】本句中laugh quietly（暗暗窃喜）表达自己将处在有利位置，估计自己将容易（easy）取胜（victory）。而unforgettable（忘掉不了的）和unexpected（意想不到的） 与本句逻辑不相符；early 和本句意思无关。因此答案为C。 （4）根据上下文的逻辑推理判断答案 文章上下文的逻辑关系常常用某些连接词来体现：有体现并列对等关系的and，as well as等；有体现转折关系的b

8、ut，yet，while，however等，有体现因果关系的so，therefore，as a result，because of，due to等。 【例】My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. _ , at the point in our game when Id have predicted（估计）the score to be 9 to 1 in my favor, it was instead 7 to 9-and Ed was leading A. After all B. As a result

9、C. Above all D. At last 【解析】上文讲到Ed的体形发生了很大的变化，下文就要讲体形变化对这场球赛的影响, 因此用as a result（成果是）来引出体形变化的成果。而after all （毕竟），above all（最重要的是），at last（最后，终于）都与本句意思无关。 3、认真审读，仔细验证 填空完毕之后，一道必不可少的工作就是认真审读，验证答案。一篇残缺不全的短文通过修补之后，如果在乎义、逻辑、联系、搭配等方面都能顺理成章，那么它就基本上恢复了本来面目了。如果发现不够顺畅的答案，凭语感重新考虑。 考试中是怎么考的呢？一起来看看历年真题预测：1The anci

10、ent Olympic Games _ (_16_) _ a part of a religious festival in honor _ (_17_) _ Zeus, the father of the Greek gods and goddesses. The festival and the games _ (_18_) in Olympia, a religious sanctuary。In the ancient games, athletes received prizes worth large amounts of money. In fact the word “athle

11、te” is an ancient Greek word, _ (_19_) _ “one who competes _ (_20_) _ a prize”. The marathon was not an event of the ancient Olympic Games. The marathon is a modern event that was first _ (_21_) _ in the Olympic Games in 1896. It was _ (_22_) _ a village called Marathon _ (_23_) _ the Persians _ (_2

12、4_) _ by a small Greek army. The news of the victory was brought to Athens by soldier, who ran the 26 miles from the village of Marathon to the capital. 26 miles was _ (_25_) _ adopted as the distance of the modern marathon race.（ 7月真题预测）16. A. is B. were C. was 17. A. for B. after C. of 18. A. are

13、hold B. held C. were held 19. A. meaning B. mean C. meant 20. A. of B. for C. in 21. A. introduced B. introducing C. introduce 22. A. name for B. named after C. named of 23. A. that B. which C. where 24. A. were defeated B. defeats C. defeated 25. A. because B. furthermore C. therefore 答案与分析：16. B。句

14、中主语Olympic Games是指奥林匹克运动会，一般看作复数，并且文章通篇都用一般过去时，这里也不例外，因此谓语动词用were。17. C。in honor of是固定词组，表达“纪念”。18. C。句中主语（The festival and the games）是物，要用被动语态，同步和文章主体时态保持一致，这里也用一般过去时，因此答案为C。19. A。这里要用meaning，目前分词作定语修饰the word “athlete”，对单词意思进行解释。20. B。这里用介词for，表达目的，意思是“为奖金竞争”。21. A。这句话主语是“The marathon”，物体作主语要用被动语态

15、，因此对的答案为A，表达“引进”。22. B。这句话意思是“马拉松这项运动根据命名”，因此用name after。name for“提名为，任命为”。23. C。这里需要填一种关系代词，根据句意可知修饰的是a village called Marathon，是一种地点因此用where，在从句中作地点状语。24. A。句中有被动语态的标志by，结合句意可知这里应当用被动语态，因此对的答案为A。25. C。根据句意可知这里是表成果，因此用therefore。because表因素；furthermore表递进。2There are advantages and disadvantages to 16

16、 Asian and Western educational methods. For example, one advantage 17 the education in Japan is that students there learn much more math and science 18 American students. They also study more hours each day than Americans 19 . The study is difficult, but it 20 students for a society that values disc

17、ipline and self-control. There is, however, a disadvantage.Memorization is an important learning method in Japanese schools, 21 many students say that after an exam, they forget much of the information that they have memorized.The advantage to the education in North America, 22 the other hand, is th

18、at students learn to think by themselves. The system prepares them for a society that values 23 ideas. There is, however, a disadvantage. When students graduate from high school, they havent memorized 24 many basic rules and facts as students in other countries 25_.（1月、7月真题预测）16. A. not only B. all

19、C. both D. only17. A. for B. to C. in D. as18. A. to B. for C. than D. in19. A. have B. studying C. does D. do20. A. provides B. gets C. prepares D. does21. A. and B. yet C. not D. just22. A. at B. to C. on D. under23. A. good B. poor C. new D. old24. A. more B. less C. good D. as25. A. have B. do C

20、. havent D. does答案与分析：16C。这里用both和背面的to构成词组，表达“和”，这句话的意思是“亚洲和西方教育措施均有长处和缺陷”。17B。advantage后用介词to，表达“的长处”；前一句中也有同样用法。18C。句中“much more”一般用于比较级，表达“多得多”，由此可知这里要用than。19D。这句话的意思是“她们每天学习的时间也比美国学生多”，为了避免反复，这里省略“study each day”，只用助动词替代。句中使用的是一般目前时，且Americans是复数，因此用do。20C。prepare.for.意思是“为某人准备某物”。这句话的意思是“学习很难

21、，但学生们由此理解到社会注重纪律和自我控制”。21B。这句与前一句意思有转折，因此用yet。22C。on the other hand是固定词组，表达“另一方面”。23C。这句话是和之前的“教育系统”作比较，由此可以推断这里是说“有新的理念”，对的答案为C。24D。as many.as表达“和同样多”，表达同级比较。25A。这也是省略用法。根据句中时态以及students可知应当用助动词have。3Peter Blake is a successful businessman, but he (16) _ to be very poor. He had nowhere to live and

22、(17) _ working in a pub when he (18) _ to start his own business. Peter had always (19) _ interested in plants and flowers, (20) _ he decided to set up a company (21) _ cared for the plants in big offices. At first he worked on his (22) _ but soon he took (23) _ two people to help him. The company h

23、as been growing (24) _ for the last ten years. Peter is now very rich, (25) _ he complains that now he doesnt work with plants but with a computer every day! （7月、1月真题预测）16. A. would B. was C. used D. use17. A. did B. was C. been D. has been18. A. had decided B. decided C. was deciding D. had decided

24、19. A. was B. had C. being D. been20. A. so B. but C. since D. although21. A. who B. which C. whose D. 22. A. own B. self C. one D. himself23. A. up B. over C. on D. in24. A. B. up C. over D. into25. A. therefore B. so C. but D. moreover答案与分析：16Cuse to意思是“曾经”，这里用一般过去时used。 17B强调过去某个时间的状况，用过去进行时，主语he

25、是第三人称单数，因此用was，B是对的答案。 18B主语用了过去进行时，从句一般用一般过去时，因此这里用decided。 19Dbe interested in表达“对感爱好”，这句话用的是过去完毕时，因此这里填been。 20A这句话和前一句的因果关系，因此用连词so。but表转折；since表因素或时间；although表让步。21B这里要填的是关系代词，指代的是the company，并且在从句中作主语，因此用which。who指人，在从句中作主语；whose指人，在从句中作定语。 22Aon ones own意思是“独自”。 23C这里指雇用，用take on。take up“从事”；

26、take over“接管”；take in“接受”。 24A这里的grow做不及物动词，背面不需要加宾语或介词，句子意思是“这个公司近十年来持续发展”。 25C根据句意可知这里应当用表转折的连词，因此用but。句子意思是“皮特目前富了，但是她抱怨说目前每天都要和电脑而不是植物一起工作”。therefore表成果；so也表成果；moreover表递进。4A study (16) _ that fitness is the key (17) _ long life, irrespective of body shape or even smoking habits. Researcher disc

27、overed that people (18) _ exercise live longer than those who do not, (19) _ they are overweight and smoke.The study found that the least fit of the 6000 middle-aged men in the study were five times (20) _ to die within six years of the start of the research than the fittest. This was true whether o

28、r not the men had heart problems, smoked, or (21) _ overweight. Scientists concluded that it was better to be fat and active than skinny and sedentary. Dr Ken Cooper, a fitness expert, said, “You are better off smoking a packet of cigarettes a day and (22) _ regularly than being non-smoker and seden

29、tary.” Although he adds, “But dont misunderstand me. I am not endorsing smoking. I am trying to tell you how dangerous it is to be sedentary.”(23) _, the study appears to fly in the face of research last year which concluded that more than 30000 people die prematurely every year in Britain from illn

30、ess caused by being overweight.The Britain Government is putting pressure on manufacturers (24) _ high levels of sugar in food and to restrict the hard-sell of junk food to children in order to improve the nations health. But the new study suggests the Government (25) _ more people to exercise. （1月真

31、题预测）16. A. showing B. show C. has shown D. had shown17. A. to B. for C. of D. in18. A.-(不填) B. which C. whom D. who19. A. if B. unless C. even if D. because20. A. like B. likely C. less likely D. more likely21. A. was B. were C. is D. are22. A. to exercise B. exercising C. exercise D. exercised23. A

32、. However B. So C. Although D. Furthermore24. A. reduce B. reducing C. to reduce D. reduced25. A. encouraged B. encouraging C. to encourage D. encourage答案与分析：16. C。主语是the study，这里强调“研究”已经完毕以及对目前的影响，因此要用目前完毕时，对的答案为C。 17. A。key意思是“核心”，背面要用介词to来连接其所修饰的词，这句话意思是“研究表白健康是长寿的核心，不管体形如何甚至与否有吸烟的习惯”。 18. D。本句是个

33、定语从句，先行词是people，关系代词要用who，在从句中作主语，对的答案为D。which指物；whom也指人，但在从句中只做宾语。 19. C。这句话是文章第一句话的进一步阐明，意思是“研究者发现常常锻炼的人身体比不锻炼的人好，虽然她们体形发胖，还吸烟”，有让步的意思，因此用even if。if“如果”引导条件；unless“除非”引导条件；because“由于”，引导因素。 20. D。根据第一段可知这里说的是“研究中最健康的人在六年内去世的也许性比最不健康的人大”，因此这里用more likely。like“喜欢”；likely“也许”；less likely“不太也许”。 21. B

34、。whether引导的从句主语是“the men”，复数，时态用了一般过去时，因此谓语动词要用were。 22. B。可以看出：这个空和smoking是并列成分，因此也要用动词+ing形式“exercising”。 23. A。这句话意思是“这项研究公然挑战了去年的一项研究，那项研究声称每年有超过30000人过早死于过度肥胖引起的疾病”，与上一段有转折的意味，因此用however。So表达到果；although表达让步；furthermore表达递进。 24. C。manufacturers是宾语，用不定式做宾语补足语，对的答案为“to reduce”，句子意思是“为了改善国民的健康状况，政府给制造者施加压力减少食物中的糖分，以及限制对孩子硬形推销垃圾食品”。 35. D。suggest在这里表“建议”，背面接宾语从句，用should+动词原形，should一般省略，因此D是对的答案。上面的内容你记住了吗？点击“练一练”完毕练习题，能帮你记得更快更准，迅速掌握考点。尚有教师为你提供24小时内答复服务，目前就来试试吧！学习完这部分内容，你是不是有其她更多更好的记忆措施、解题技巧、课程案例或备考窍门呢？你觉得上述内容对你的学习有什么协助？你有什么建议和评价呢？或者尚有什么问题？ 请点击“参与学习笔记体验达人活动”，来与人们分享！参与活动就可以获得积分，并兑换实物礼物哦！