2022年考博英语-大连工业大学考前模拟强化练习题62（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-大连工业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Its apparent that the wooden bridge is not strong enough to（ ）the weight of a lorry.问题1选项A.retainB.sustainC.obtainD.maintain【答案】B【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项retain“保持”；B选项sustain“维持，支撑，承受”；C选项obtain“获得，流行”；D选项maintain“维持，继续”。句意：很明显，这座木桥不够坚固，承受不了一辆卡车的重量。选项B符合句意。2. 单选题It makes

2、me（ ）when people dont listen, and then ask silly questions.问题1选项A.furiousB.generousC.mysteriousD.suspicious【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项 furious“生气的，狂怒的”；B选项generous“慷慨的”；C选项mysterious“神秘的”；D选项suspicious“可疑的”。句意：别人不听，然后问些愚蠢的问题，这让我很生气。选项A符合句意。3. 单选题She didnt openly attack the plan, but her opposition was （ ）in

3、 her failure to say anything in support of it.问题1选项A.explicitB.implicitC.internalD.immoral【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项explicit“明确的，清楚的”；B选项implicit“含蓄的，暗示的”；C选项internal“内部的”；D选项immoral“不道德的”。句意：她没有公开抨击这个计划，但她没有说任何支持这个计划的话，这就暗示了她的反对。选项B符合句意。4. 翻译题In this section , there is a passage in English. Translate the

4、passage into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Dont dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of

5、 U. S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care dont appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations -trucking, financial advice, software engineering-have

6、aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isnt to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didnt go so well for Luddites(反对技术进步者）whose jobs were displaced by mechanized loo

7、ms , but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adj

8、usting.Technology will improve society in ways big or small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispe

9、nsable.【答案】在中产阶级面临的诸多恼人挑战中，有一个很可能在下届总统竞选中会被忽视：当机器人来抢饭碗时会发生什么?不要完全排除这种可能性。牛津大学的一项研究显示，美国约有一半的工作面临着被自动化取代的高风险，中产阶级受到了不成比例的挤压。像园艺或日托这样的低收入工作对机器人没有吸引力。但许多中产阶级的职业-卡车运输、金融咨询、软件工程-已经引起了他们的兴趣，或者很快就会引起他们的兴趣。富人拥有机器人，所以他们会没事的。这不是危言耸听。乐观主义者指出，技术变革在过去曾使工人受益。工业革命对反对技术进步者来说并不那么顺利，他们的工作被机械化的织布机取代了，但工业革命最终提高了生活水平，创造

10、的就业岗位比被摧毁的要多。同样，自动化最终应该会提高生产率，通过压低价格来刺激需求，让工人从繁重、乏味的工作中解脱出来。但从中期来看，中产阶级工人可能需要大量帮助来进行调整。未来几年，技术将大大小小的改善社会，但对于那些发现自己的生活和事业被自动化颠覆的人来说，这并不是什么安慰。摧毁那些为我们工作而来的机器将是疯狂的。但帮助工人适应的政策将是不可或缺的。5. 单选题The energy crisis, which is being felt around the world, has dramatized how the careless use of the earths resources

11、 has brought the whole world to the brink of disaster. The over development of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near destruction of our cities. The disaster has arrived in the form of the energy crisi

12、s.Our present situation is unlike war, revolution or depression. Worldwide resources exploitation and energy use have brought us to a state where long range planning is essential. What we need is not a continuation of our present serious state, which endangers the future of our country, our children

13、, and our earth, but a movement forward to a new norm in order to work rapidly and effectively on planetary problems.This country has been falling back under the continuing exposures of loss of morality and the revelation that lawbreaking has reached into the highest places in the land. There is a s

14、trong demand for moral revival and for some devotion that is vast enough and yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of all. In the past it has been only in a way of defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have been able to devote themselves wholeheartedly.This is the fi

15、rst time that we have been asked to defend ourselves and what we hold dear in cooperation with all the other inhabitants of this planet, who share with us the same endangered air and the same endangered oceans. There is a common need to reassess our present course, to change that course and to devis

16、e new methods through which the world can survive. This is a priceless opportunity.To grasp it we need a widespread understanding of nature if the crisis confronting usand the worldis a crisis that is no passing inconvenience , no by product of the ambitions of the oil producing countries, no enviro

17、nmentalists mere fears, no by product of any present system of government. What we face is the outcome of the invention of the last four hundred years. What we need is a transformed life style. This new life style can flow directly from science and technology, but its acceptance depends on a sincere

18、 devotion to finding a higher quality of life for the worlds children and future generation.1.Which condition does the author feel has nearly destroyed our cities?2.The author in the second paragraph states what we need in our present situation is（ ）.3.According to the author, what is one example of

19、 our loss of morality?4.By comparing past problems with present ones, the author draws attention to the（ ） .问题1选项A.Lack of financial planning.B.The breakup of the family.C.Natural disasters in many regions.D.The excessive growth of motors.问题2选项A.a continuation of our present serious stateB.worldwide

20、 resources exploitation and energy useC.a movement forward to a new norm to planet research workD.a state where long-range planning is essential to us问题3选项A.Disregard for law.B.Lack of devotion.C.Lack of cooperation.D.Exploitation of resources.问题4选项A.significance of this crisisB.inadequacy of govern

21、mentsC.similarity of the past to the presentD.hopelessness of the situation【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“The over development of motor transport, with its increase of more cars, more highways, more pollution, more suburbs, more commuting, has contributed to the near destruction of our

22、 cities. 汽车运输的过度发展，伴随着更多的汽车，更多的高速公路，更多的污染，更多的郊区，更多的通勤，已经导致了我们城市的几乎毁灭。”由此可知，导致城市几乎毁灭的是汽车运输的过度发展。选项D选项汽车的过度增长为正确答案。2.细节事实题。从文中第二段的内容和第二句结尾“long range planning is essential长期规划是必不可少的”，推知D项一个长期规划对我们至关重要的状态为正确答案。3.细节事实题。从文中第三段第二句“There is a strong demand for moral revival and for some devotion that is va

23、st enough and yet personal enough to enlist the devotion of allIn the past it has been only in a way in defense of their own country and their own ideals that any people have been able to devote themselves wholeheartedly有一种强烈的要求，要求道德复兴和一些足够广泛但又足够个人的奉献，以争取所有人的奉献。在过去，只有在某种程度上，为了保卫自己的国家和自己的理想，人们才能够全心全意

24、地奉献自己。”由此可知“Lack of devotion”正确，即B项为正确答案。4.判断推理题。从文中的内容推知，作者通过对过去和现在的问题的比较，是想使人们认识到能源危机的重要性，即A项为正确答案。6. 单选题Most of the rubbish that we usually（ ）of can be recycled.问题1选项A.disposedB.dischargeC.dispatchD.dissolve【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。A选项dispose“处理，安排”；B选项discharge“释放”；C选项dispatch“派遣”；D选项dissolve“溶解”。句意：我们通常处

25、理的大部分垃圾都可以回收利用。选项A更符合语境。7. 单选题The（ ）of electrical energy into thermal energy is a process that is easily carried out at 100% efficiency.问题1选项A.conversionB.conventionC.conversationD.version【答案】A【解析】形近词辨析题。A选项conversion“转化，变换”；B选项convention“约定，习俗”；C选项conversation“交谈，会话”；D选项version“版本”。句意：把电能转换成热能是一个很容

26、易以100%的效率进行的过程。选项A符合句意。8. 单选题To ensure its sustained progress in economy, the government has （ ）a series of policies.问题1选项A.reservedB.issuedC.deliveredD.expressed【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项reserve“预定”；B选项issue“发行”；C选项deliver“交付”；D选项express“表达”。句意：为保证经济的持续发展，政府出台了一系列政策。选项B更符合语境，所以正确。9. 单选题The（ ）of the word is

27、 unknown, but it is certainly not from Greek.问题1选项A.originB.generationC.descentD.cause【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项origin“起源”；B选项generation“产生”；C选项descent“下降”；D选项cause“原因”。句意：这个词的起源尚不清楚，但肯定不是来自希腊语。选项A符合句意。10. 单选题When you prepare for your speech, be sure to cite（ ） qualified sources of information and examples.

28、问题1选项A.unbiasedB.manipulatedC.distortedD.conveyed【答案】A【解析】词义辨析题。A选项unbiased“公正的，无偏见的”；B选项manipulated“操作”；C选项distorted“扭曲的”；D选项conveyed“传达”。句意：当你准备你的演讲时，一定要引用公正的、合格的信息来源和例子。选项A符合句意。11. 单选题It is often difficult to（ ）between a mere exaggeration and a deliberately lying.问题1选项A.disguiseB.cultivateC.origi

29、nateD.discriminate【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。A选项disguise“掩饰，隐瞒”；B选项cultivate“培养”；C选项originate“引起，创作”；D选项discriminate“区别，辨别”。句意：人们常常很难区分纯粹夸张和故意撒谎。选项D符合语境。12. 单选题Wealthy nations have fallen far behind on their aid（ ）to the worlds poor.问题1选项A.commitmentsB.engagementsC.responsibilitiesD.applications【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。A

30、选项commitment“承诺，保证”；B选项engagement“约会，诺言”；C选项responsibility“责任，职责”；D选项application“应用，申请”。句意：富裕国家在对援助世界穷国的责任方面远远落后。选项C符合句意。13. 单选题As a lawyer（ ）for his good judgment and eloquence, he is often invited to those grand banquets and meets those distinguished people from all circles.问题1选项A.notoriousB.notab

31、leC.nastyD.notified【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项notorious“声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的”；B选项notable“显著的，著名的”；C选项nasty“极差的，恶意的”；D选项notified“通知”。句意：作为一个以良好的判断力和口才著称的律师，他经常被邀请参加那些盛大的宴会，会见来自各界的杰出人士。选项B符合句意。14. 单选题Remember to ask for a （ ）of quality for these goods; otherwise they will not offer any maintenance.问题1选项A.warrantyB.pro

32、miseC.certificateD.receipt【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项warranty“保证，担保”；B选项promise“许诺，允诺”；C选项certificate“证书”；D选项receipt“收据”。句意：记住要对这些货物要求质量保证；否则他们将不提供任何维修。选项A符合语境。15. 单选题Various innovations have been introduced as ways to break off our system which forces students through a serious of identical classrooms in wh

33、ich teachers do most of the talking and students have little opportunity to respond. Among these innovations are team teaching and teaching aides, non-graded elementary and secondary schools, independent study, curricula focused on helping students discover things for themselves rather than on tryin

34、g to tell them everything, and schools designed for maximum flexibility so that students can work alone, or in small groups, or take part in large-group instruction via diverse media. The aim of all these innovations is to adapt instruction more precisely to the needs of each individual student. Man

35、y people who have a strong dislike to organizing instruction scientifically and to bringing new technology into the schools and colleges fail to realize that the present system is in many respects mechanical and rigid. The vast differences in the ways students learn are disregarded when they are tau

36、ght the same thing, in the same way, at the same time. There is no escaping the evidence that many students themselves feel little enthusiasm and even outright hostility for the present way schools and colleges are organized and instruction is handled. Many of them resent technology, but what they o

37、bject to is usually technology used as a means for handling a large number of students. Or it is programming which merely reproduces conventional classroom responds and learns, reaching new plateaus from which to climb to higher levels of understanding. Technological media can store information unti

38、l it is needed or wanted. They can distribute it over distances to reach the students where he happens to be. They can present the information to the student through various senses. They can give the student the opportunity to react to the material in many ways. In short, the students opportunities

39、for learning can be increased and enhanced by using a wide range of instructional technology. All the available resources for instruction, including the teachers, can work together to create conditions for maximum effective learning.1.The author is mainly concerned with （ ）.2.It can be inferred from

40、 the article that a good educational system must （ ）.3.The negative reactions of students to technology are the result of（ ）.4.All of the following are mentioned as a capability are the result of（ ）.问题1选项A.providing the possibility for students to take the courses they wantB.making technology an act

41、ive tool in the schoolC.relieving the teacher from routine dutiesD.meeting the needs of each student问题2选项A.not depend on teachersB.make use of varying methods of teachingC.place a renewed emphasis on scienceD.not organize their instruction问题3选项A.unknown factorsB.a general hostility toward educationC

42、.its misuseD.its newness in the schools问题4选项A.make it easier for students to obtain needed informationB.provide many ways of teaching the same thingC.make learning easy and funD.provide students with enrollment exam【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据原文第三句“The aim of all these innovations is to ad

43、apt instruction more precisely to the needs of each individual student. 所有这些创新的目的是调整教学使之更加精确来适应每个学生的需要。”由此可知，作者最关心的是满足每个学生的需求。选项D正确。2.判断推理题。根据原文最后一句“All the available resources for instruction, including the teachers, can work together to create conditions for maximum effective learning. 所有可用的教学资源，包

44、括教师，可以共同努力，为最大限度地有效学习创造条件。”由此可推测，选项B正确。3.细节事实题。根据原文第七句“Many of them resent technology, but what they object to is usually technology used as a means for handling a large number of students. 他们（学生）中的许多人讨厌技术，但他们反对的通常是技术被用作处理大量学生的手段。”也就是说，大多数学生反对技术是因为技术被错误的使用，所以选项C正确。4.细节事实题。根据原文后半部分“They can present t

45、he information to the student through various senses. They can give the student the opportunity to react to the material in many ways. In short, the students opportunities for learning can be increased and enhanced by using a wide range of instructional technology. 它们（技术）可以通过各种判断把信息呈现给学生。它们可以给学生机会，以

46、多种方式对事物作出反应。总之，学生的学习机会可以通过使用广泛的教学技术来增加和提高。”由此可知，只有选项D没有提及，所以本题选D。16. 单选题In general , the（ ）amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total for living expenses.问题1选项A.acceptableB.advisableC.availableD.applicable【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项acceptable“可接受的”；B选项advisable“明智的”；C选

47、项available“可获得的”；D选项applicable“可应用的”。句意：一般来说，学生在住房上的花费应控制在可支配的生活费的五分之一以内。available其后常接介词for或to构成形容词短语，作后置定语。所以选项C正确。17. 单选题Despite warnings from his parents and teacher, Stevenson is （ ）to computer games.问题1选项A.activatedB.adheredC.addictedD.appealed【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项activate to“激活”；B选项adhere to“坚持，依

48、附”；C选项addict to“沉迷于”；D选项appeal to“呼吁，吸引”。句意：尽管父母和老师已经警告过他，但史蒂文森仍然沉迷于电脑游戏。选项C符合语境。18. 翻译题Translate the following paragraph into English.中国发展已经取得了巨大的成就，但我们清楚地认识到，中国还是最大的发展中国家，人均国内生产总值(per capita GDP)在世界排名不高，科技水平与发达国家有较大差距。经济正在进行提质增效，但仍然存在着很多制约发展的体制和机制(systemic and institutional) 障碍。中国要实现更大更好的发展，到21世纪中

49、叶进入中等发达国家行列，关键是坚持走改革创新之路，进一步解放思想，把人民群众的创造潜能充分激发出来，使整个社会充满生机活力，形成支撑发展源源不断的动力。【答案】China has made great achievements in its development. But we are fully aware that China is still the largest developing country. Its per capita GDP is not high in the world ranking, and its level of science and technolog

50、y lags far behind that of developed countries. The economy is improving in quality and efficiency, but there are still systemic and institutional obstacles to development. To achieve greater and better development and join the ranks of medium-developed countries by the middle of the 21st century, th

51、e key for China is to stay on the path of reform and innovation, further emancipate the mind, fully unleash the creative potential of the people, invigorate the whole society, and create a steady stream of driving force for development.19. 单选题This diploma is important, which（ ）that you have complete

52、d high school.问题1选项A.amplifiesB.certifiesC.clarifiesD.magnifies【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。A选项amplify“放大，扩大”；B选项certify“证明”；C选项clarify“澄清，阐明”；D选项magnify“赞美，夸大”。句意：这个文凭很重要，它能证明你已经完成高中学业。选项B符合句意。20. 单选题Though it was less attractive, Ralph knew the metal box would be more（ ）than the wooden box.问题1选项A.terminalB.durableC.persistentD.bearable【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。A选项terminal“晚期的，末端的”；B选项durable“耐用的，持久的”；C选项persistent“执着的，持续的”；D选项bearable“可忍受的”。句意：拉尔夫知道尽管金属盒子不那么吸引人，但会比木箱更耐用。选项B符合句意。