2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考前模拟强化练习题82（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题By the year of 2025, scientists probably _ a cure for cancer.问题1选项A.will be discoveringB.are discoveringC.will have discoveredD.have discovered【答案】C【解析】考查将来完成时。句意：到2025年，科学家们可能已经发现了治疗癌症的方法。根据语境，可知这个句子的时态是将来完成时，在这里表示将来完成时表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作，其结构是will（第二、三人称）+hav

2、e+过去分词（done），C选项will have discovered符合题意。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题Although the insistence on balancing spending against tax revenues has contributed to the economys stagnation, unfortunately, the government does not seem likely to _ this rigid policy.问题1选项A.persist inB.initiateC.repudiateD.continue【答案】C【解析】考查动

3、词辨析。A选项persist in“坚持，固执于”；B选项initiate“创始；发起”；C选项repudiate“拒绝；（正式）否认；断绝关系”；D选项continue“继续；连续”。句意：尽管坚持收支平衡导致经济停滞，不幸的是，政府似乎不太可能_这个僵化的政策。根据语境，这里指坚持收支平衡这个僵化的政策让经济停滞，但政府大有可能继续坚持这个政策，所以repudiate“（正式）否认”符合题意。因此C选项正确。3. 翻译题如果遇到的竞争对手是受到各自政府过度保护的企业，强大的美国企业通常都能迅速地把它们压制住。事实已经证明，利伯维尔场体制比任何中央计划体制都能更有效地分配资金和资源，美国人也

4、已经利用了这一点。因为美国在基础层次上有这样的优势，它处于国际财经界的最高层也就不足为奇了。美国具有这样的优势进而使它能够制定游戏规则，当然是对它自己有利的规则。【答案】When it comes to competing with companies over-protected by their respective governments, powerful American companies are usually quick to neutralize them. The Libreville can allocate funds and resources more effici

5、ently than any centrally planned economy, which has been proved and the Americans have utilized. With such an advantage at a fundamental level, it is not surprising that the United States is at the top of the international financial pecking order and set the rules of the game, which of course are be

6、neficial for it.4. 单选题There is a conspicuous lack of public debate about how this insular country should _ the reality that more immigrants are coming and that those already here are changing Japan.问题1选项A.abide byB.account forC.act onD.adjust to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项abide by“遵守”；B选项account for“解释；对负责”；

7、C选项act on“对起作用；按照行事”；D选项adjust to“调整以适应”。句意：对于这个与世隔绝的国家来说，应该如何_移民越来越多涌入并且正在改变日本这一现实，明显缺乏公开讨论。根据语境，account for“解释；对负责”搭配reality“现实”比较合理，意思是解释为什么越来越多移民进入日本并且改变日本的现实。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题We held a meeting to sum up our experience _ we finish the work.问题1选项A.incidentallyB.whileC.immediatelyD.before【答案】C【解析】考查词

8、义辨析。句意：一结束工作，我们就开了会总结经验。A选项incidentally“顺便”；B选项while“当时候”；C选项immediately“立刻；一就”；D选项before“在之前”。根据语境，这里指工作一结束就开会，C选项immediately“一就”符合题意。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe _ it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.问题1选项A.so thatB.but th

9、atC.in thatD.provided that【答案】C【解析】考查状语从句。句意：氢是宇宙的基本元素，因为它提供了其他元素产生的基石。A选项so that“因此”引导目的状语从句，B选项but that“要不是”和D选项provided that“条件是”引导条件状语从句，均不符合题意。C选项in that“由于”引导原因状语从句，符合主从句的因果关系。因此C选项正确。7. 单选题Millionaires can breathe a bit easier. While President Barack Obama says he wants to let income tax cuts

10、 that benefit only the wealthiest Americans expire in 2013, several states are rolling back tax increases for top earners.New Yorks highest tax rates on incomes exceeding $500,000 will fall back to 7.85 percent, from 8.97 percent, this year. Marylands 6.25 percent tax on incomes above $1 million exp

11、ired at the end of 2010, while Californias top tax rate for Millionaires has dropped to 10.3 percent from 10.55 percent.At least seven states instituted temporary so-called millionaire taxes during the recession. Those levies are becoming harder to justify now that state revenues are rebounding. Ove

12、rall, state tax revenue grew 12 percent in April compared with a year earlier, which may trim $20 billion from estimated states budget shortfall, according to a recent Goldman Sachs (GS) report. The soak-the-rich drive “just petered out”, says Joseph Henchman, vice president for legal and state proj

13、ects at the Tax Foundation in Washington, a group focused on lowering taxes. “All of these states are backing away now.”Business groups have been vocal opponents of the temporary hikes. The Business Council of New York State has opposed efforts to maintain the tax increase on the grounds that such m

14、easures are an indirect tax on business income. More business owners who are paid by partnerships or S corporations report business income on their individual returns. Kenneth J. Pokalsky, the Business Councils senior director of government affairs, says 25 percent of revenue generated from the stat

15、es tax on higher earners came from business income. In California, the Silicon Valley Leadership Group, whose members include Bank of America (BAC), Apple (AAPL), and Microsoft (MSFT), along with 12 other business groups, have told lawmakers that tax increases should be extended only if lawmakers ag

16、ree to “structural reform” of the budget.Republicans, who typically oppose tax hikes, now hold a majority of govemorships-29-and many were elected last year after campaigning against tax increases. New Jersey governor Chris Christie, a Republican, received national attention after vetoing a bill tha

17、t would have extended a tax on millionaires in the state.Some Democrats are also fighting the higher taxes. New York Governor Andrew Cuomo sparked a battle with fellow party members in the legislature earlier this year by opposing legislation that would maintain the higher rates on individuals earni

18、ng more than $1 million. Maryland Governor Martin OMalley, a Democrat, didnt push to extend his States millionaire tax last year. “I would like to think its because these are not very good policies,” Henchman says, “If youre a conservative, you dont really like these taxes. If youre a liberal, these

19、 services should be so important that everyone should have to pay for them”.The American public is almost evenly divided on the questions of whether the wealthy should shoulder a higher tax burden. A Gallup poll released on June 2 found 49 percent respondents opposed higher taxes on the rich, while

20、47 percent supported them.31. Barack Obama wants to _.32. _ is one of the possible reasons why state revenues revived?33. What can be inferred from Joseph Henchmans words?34. Which of the following statements about the Silicon Valley Leadership Group is correct?35. Which is probably the best title f

21、or this passage?问题1选项A.cut income tax in 2013B.extend millionaire tax to 2013C.benefit the wealthiest Americans by cutting income taxD.roll back tax increases for top earners问题2选项A.Initiating temporary millionaire taxes during the depressionB.Levying tax on at least seven states institutionsC.Trimmi

22、ng $20 billion from state budgetD.Estimating state budget shortfalls问题3选项A.The state that instituted millionaire taxes are going to abolish it.B.All of these sates are focusing on the soak-the-rich drive now.C.The soak-the-rich drive has just started out.D.Only a handful of these states are focusing

23、 on lowering taxes.问题4选项A.It was 15 members in total.B.It agrees to extend tax increase.C.It proposed to make a “structural reform” of the budget.D.It would agree the extension of tax increase provided that lawmakers agree to “structural reform” of the budget.问题5选项A.The Wealthy Are Willing to Should

24、er a Higher Tax BurdenB.Obama Is Proposing an Income Tax CutC.Obama Is Proposing an Income Tax Cut ExtensionD.States Are Rejecting Millionaire Taxes【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】31.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句While President Barack Obama says he wants to let income tax cuts that benefit only the wealthiest Ame

25、ricans expire in 2013, several states are rolling back tax increases for top earners.（奥巴马总统说，他希望让只惠及美国富人的所得税减免政策在2013年到期，而几个州正在减少对高收入者的增税。），可知D选项“减少对富人的增税”正确。A选项“2013年削减所得税”，B选项“延长百万富翁的税至2013年”和C选项“通过削减所得税使最富有的美国人受益”不符合文章内容，故错误。因此D选项正确。32.事实细节题。根据第三段第一句At least seven states instituted temporary so-c

26、alled millionaire taxes during the recession.（在经济衰退期间，至少有7个州设立临时“百万富翁税”。）和第三句Overall, state tax revenue grew 12 percent in April compared with a year earlier, which may trim $20 billion from estimated states budget shortfall（总体而言，4月份的州政府税收收入同比增长12%，这可能会从州预算缺口中削减200亿美元。），可知A选项“在大萧条期间开始征收临时百万富翁税”促进州的财

27、政收入复苏，故正确。B选项“对至少七个州的机构征税”错误，C选项“从州预算中削减200亿美元”和D选项“估计国家预算赤字”不符合文章内容。因此A选项正确。33.事实细节题。根据第三段最后两句The soak-the-rich drive “just petered out”“All of these states are backing away now.” （向富人征税的运动“正在逐渐消失”“所有这些州都在后退。”），可知A选项“设立百万富翁税的州将废除它”正确。B选项“所有这些州现在都在关注向富人征税”，C选项“榨取富人的运动刚刚开始”和D选项“这些州中只有少数集中在降低税收上”不符合文章

28、内容，故错误。因此A选项正确。34.事实细节题。根据第四段最后一句In California, the Silicon Valley Leadership Group, whose members include Bank of America (BAC), Apple (AAPL), and Microsoft (MSFT), along with 12 other business groups, have told lawmakers that tax increases should be extended only if lawmakers agree to “structural

29、reform” of the budget.（在加州，包括美国银行、苹果和微软在内的硅谷领导小组以及其他12个商业团体向议员们表示，只有在议员们同意对预算进行“结构性改革”的情况下，才应该延长增税。），可知D选项“如果立法者同意对预算进行结构性改革，将同意延长增税”正确。A选项“总共有15个成员”，C选项“提议对预算进行结构性改革”和B选项“同意延长增税”不符合文章内容，故错误。因此D选项正确。35.主旨大意题。文章第一句提出Millionaires can breathe a bit easier.（百万富翁们可以松一口气了。），后面的内容在表达各个州在减少对富人的征税，所以D选项“各州拒绝

30、向百万富翁征税”正确。A选项“富人愿意承担更高的税收负担”不符合文章内容，故错误。B选项“奥巴马提议削减所得税”和C选项“奥巴马提议延长所得税减免”：文章主要不是在讲奥巴马的提议，并且不符合文章内容，故错误。因此D选项正确。8. 单选题_ the financial means to remain independent, Thomas Edison was compelled to seek employment as a night telegraph operator.问题1选项A.He was deprived ofB.That he was deprived ofC.Although

31、 he was deprived ofD.Deprived of【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于没有了维持独立的经济来源，托马斯爱迪生不得不去找个夜间电报员的工作。选项和题干，逗号前是从句或者短语。A选项He was deprived of放进来题目变成两个完整且独立的句子，故错误。B选项That he was deprived of中that多余，不符合语法，故错误。C选项Although he was deprived of中although不符合语境，故错误。D选项Deprived of放进来句子还原后是Thomas Edison wasoperator deprived o

32、f the financial means to remain independent，符合题意。因此D选项正确。9. 单选题While the companys CEO professes to be confident and urges the deal forward, its investors are unlikely to be so _ about its prospects. Many were uncomfortable at the way the corporation was forced to spend much of its capital in last ye

33、ars expansion, and this new venture is potentially even more risky.问题1选项A.apatheticB.sanguineC.apprehensiveD.anxious【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项apathetic“无动于衷的；缺乏兴趣的”；B选项sanguine“乐观的，充满希望的”；C选项apprehensive“忧虑的”；D选项anxious“担忧的；急切的”。句意：虽然该公司的首席执行官声称有信心并敦促该交易继续进行，但其投资者不太可能对其前景如此_。根据while“虽然”，这里指CEO“首席执行官”和inve

34、stors“投资者”态度相反，sanguine“乐观的，充满希望的”和confident“充满信心”意思相近，搭配unlikely to符合题意。因此B选项正确。10. 单选题The United States court system, as part of the federal System of government, is characterized by dual judicial systems; there are both state and federal-courts. Each state has its own system of courts, composed o

35、f civil and criminal trial courts, sometimes intermediate courts of appeal, and a state Supreme Court. The federal court system, consists of series of trial courts (called district courts) serving relatively small geographic regions (there is at least one for every state), a tier of circuit courts o

36、f appeal that hear appeals from many district courts in a particular geographic region, and the Supreme Court of the United States. The two court systems are to some extent overlapping, in that certain kinds of disputes may be initiated in either system. They are also to some extent hierarchical (等级

37、制度的), for the federal system stands above the state system in that litigant (person engaged in lawsuits) who lose their cases in the state supreme court may appeal their eases to the Supreme Court of the United States.Thus, the typical court case begins in a trial courta court of general jurisdictio

38、nin the state or federal system. Most cases go no further than the trial court; for example, the criminal defendant is convicted by a trial and sentenced by the court and the case end; the personal injury suit results in a judgment by a trial court (or an out-of-court settlement by the parties while

39、 the court suit is pending) and the parties leave the court system. But sometimes the losing party at the trial court cares enough about the cause that the matter does not end there. In these cases, the “loser” at the trial court may appeal to the next higher court.21. What does the passage mainly d

40、iscuss?22. According to the passage, district courts are also known as _.23. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, “engaged in” means _.24. The passage indicated that litigants who lose their cases in the state trial court may take them to a _.25. It can be inferred from the passage that typi

41、cal court cases are _.问题1选项A.Civil and criminal trial courts.B.Typical court cases.C.The court system in the United States.D.The appeal court process.问题2选项A.circuit courtsB.intermediate courtsC.supreme courtsD.trial courts问题3选项A.committed toB.attentive toC.involved inD.absorbed in问题4选项A.different co

42、urt in the same stateB.Federal trial courtC.State Supreme CourtD.Court in another state问题5选项A.always appealedB.usually resolved in the district courtsC.always overlappingD.usually settled by the Supreme Court【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】21.事实细节题。根据第一段第一句The United States court system, as part of

43、 the federal System of government, is characterized by dual judicial systems; there are both state and federal-courts.（美国法院制度作为联邦政府制度的一部分，其特点是双重司法制度；州法院和联邦法院同时存在。），后文以此展开，所以C选项“美国的法院系统”正确，A选项“民事和刑事审判法庭”，B选项“典型的法庭案例”和D选项“上诉法院程序”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。22.事实细节题。根据第一段第三句series of trial courts (called district co

44、urts)（一系列的初审法院，也就是地方法院），可知D选项“初审法院”正确。A选项“巡回法院”，B选项“中级法院”和C选项“最高法院”不符合题意。因此D选项正确。23.语义推测题。engaged in的意思是“从事，参加，参与”。根据第一段最后一句litigant (person engaged in lawsuits) who lose their cases in the state supreme court may appeal their eases to the Supreme Court of the United States.（在州最高法院败诉的当事人（参与诉讼的人）可以向美

45、国最高法院上诉。），当事人参与诉讼，所以C选项“牵涉进，参与”正确。A选项“决心从事；致力于”，B选项“留意”和D选项“全神贯注于”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。24.义推测题。根据第一段最后一句litigant (person engaged in lawsuits ) who lose their cases in the state supreme court may appeal their eases to the Supreme Court of the United States.（在州最高法院败诉的当事人（参与诉讼的人）可以向美国最高法院上诉。），可知C选项“国家最高法院”正确。

46、A选项“同一个州的不同法院”，B选项“联邦初审法院”和D选项“另一个州的法院”不符合题意。因此C选项正确。25.事实细节题。根据第二段第一句Thus, the typical court case begins in a trial courta court of general jurisdictionin the state or federal system.（因此，典型的法院案件始于州或联邦体系的初审法院具有一般管辖权的法院。），可知B选项“通常在地区法院解决”正确，D选项“通常由最高法院解决”错误。A选项“常常提起上诉”和C选项“总是重叠”没有提到。因此B选项正确。11. 单选题Lo

47、ndon today is the political and financial capital of Great Britain. It began, however, as a Roman stronghold, and following the Romans departure, the Anglo-Saxons and then the Normans controlled it. London grew considerably during the medieval period and, by the sixteenth century, was primed to be t

48、he center of unprecedented growth. Most of this can be attributed to the citys economic development. Located on the Thames River with easy access to the North Sea, London became a center of shipping and commerce. Large corporations were based there, which brought further wealth. Finally, when the In

49、dustrial Revolution began, London was transformed even more and had become the financial center of the world by the nineteenth century.The Romans conquered Britain in 43 A.D. and founded Londoncalled Londinium by themas a garrison town, and it became a center of seaborne trade soon afterward. London

50、s location was ideal: It was centrally situated on the Thames River far from the coast but not so far inland that ships could not navigate upriver to it. As such, it became a center of trade in Roman Britain and may have had as many as 60,000 people at its height. But the fall of the Roman Empire in

51、 the fifth century resulted in the Roman abandonment of Britain, so, for some time, London was virtually empty. Anglo-Saxon incursions led to the reoccupation of the area, but Viking invasions and decades of instability meant that the region saw little economic growth. When the Normans invaded from

52、France in 1066, they chose London to their center of government, which began the citys revival.During the mid and late Middle Ages, London expanded as both a town and economic center when the European world became more connected due to the increased shipbuilding and maritime trade. London was poised

53、 to take advantage of this thanks to its geographical location and political power. The city continued to grow in size and wealth throughout the medieval period as well as during the Renaissance. When Britain began to gain colonies in the Americas and elsewhere in the sixteenth century, fabulous amo

54、unts of money started finding their way to London.At that time, mercantilism is the reigning economic philosophy in Britain. It called for the protecting of British trade between the home island and its colonies. The government accordingly enacted laws that imposed taxes on imports and protected Bri

55、tish trade. The main objectives were to attain a trade surplus and to amass gold and silver. One result of this mercantilist philosophy was that extraordinary wealth poured into London. At the center of all British economic activity, London grew rapidly and expanded in size and population during thi

56、s time.At the same time, the founding of several great companies and institutions paved the way for London to become the center of world trade and finance. The British East India Company, for instance, was granted a monopoly on trade in India. It was based in London, so many treasures from India mad

57、e their way there. The company had to raise money for its initial ventures, so it sold shares of stock that gave investors pieces of the wealth it was amassing. This helped establish the London Stock Exchange, which had its humble beginnings in Londons coffee shops, where merchants gathered to trade

58、 stocks and to learn financial news from around the world. Other important institutions, such as the Bank of England and the insurance firm Lloyds of London, were started then as well.During the eighteenth century, the Industrial Revolution caused the British economic philosophy to change from merca

59、ntilism to capitalism. Trade with overseas colonies became less important when investors in factories started becoming rich. Britain initiated a policy of free trade, sought to establish a worldwide market, and traded products from its manufacturing industry with anyone who would purchase them. Lond

60、on was at the center of this economic action. The development of fast steamships, the telegraph, and the telephone in the nineteenth century connected London with the entire world, so it became the worlds financial center. Its banks were used to transfer funds worldwide, its financial institutions p

61、rovided capital for investors, and its docks and warehouses were filled with raw materials and goods from around the world. Unfortunately, the onset of World War I in 1914 brought this entire system to a halt.21. The word primed in the passage is closest in meaning to _.22. According to the paragrap

62、h 2, the Romans left London because _.23. In paragraph 3, the author uses shipbuilding and maritime trade as example of _.24. The authors description of mercantilism in paragraph 4 mentions which of the following?25. In paragraph 5, the authors description of the British East India Company mentions

63、which of the following?问题1选项A.positionedB.inspiredC.appointedD.expected问题2选项A.the Anglo-Saxons invaded and defeated the Romans in battleB.the entire Roman Empire fell, so the Romans there departedC.there were few economic benefits to gain by living thereD.the Romans had no need for a seaport so far north of Rome问题3选项A.two aspects of the medieval economy in which London was a European leaderB.the reasons that Britain started to acquire the colonies in the Ame