2022年考博英语-华东政法大学考试名师点拨押题密卷2（含答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-华东政法大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题It is a well-known fact that the cat family _ lions and tigers.问题1选项A.enrichesB.accommodatesC.adoptsD.embraces【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项enriches“使充实；使肥沃；使富足”；B选项accommodates“容纳；使适应；供应；调解”；C选项adopts“采取；接受；收养；正式通过”；D选项embraces“拥抱；欣然采纳；信奉；包含”。句意：众所周知，猫科动物_狮子和老虎。本句表达“猫科动物

2、包括老虎和狮子”，因此D选项正确。2. 翻译题2. Translate the following paragraph into English (5 marks) 英国食品安全机构本周日称，一年前，3个欧盟国家已经得到关于马肉问题的通知。这些通知于2012年2月1日、15日和3月7日发出，通知特别指出了丹麦、匈牙利和意大利 应当调查关于马肉的问题。它还在欧盟的食品和饲料快速警告系统中发布。 【答案】Britains food safety agency said on Sunday that three European Union countries had been notified a

3、bout the horsemeat problem a year ago. The notices, issued on 1 February, 15 March 2012 and 7 March 2012, specifically stated that Denmark, Hungary and Italy should investigate the issue of horse meat. It is also published in the EUs Rapid Warning system for food and feed.3. 单选题III. (International L

4、aw)One might accept that international law and international institutions played an important role in the events leading up to the U.S. invasion of Iraq, but still be of the view that, ultimately, the fact of the invasion in the face of no persuasive legal justification discredits the idea that inte

5、rnational rules on the use of force constrain state behavior and the idea that the Security Council plays an important role in coordinating collective security. One effort to determine the attitudes of persons worldwide in the aftermath of the invasion indicated that one of the biggest casualties of

6、 the war was the credibility of the United Nations, for persons in states that both opposed and supported the war. Indeed, notwithstanding the discussion above, one might still argue that President Bush decided in summer of 2002 to invade Iraq and, while he played a game of discussions at the United

7、 Nations and with allies about international law, at the end of the day the United States went ahead and invaded when those discussions did not proceed to the U.S. liking. Certainly the rhetoric of President Bush would support such a claim: in the course of taking the U.S. case to the United Nations

8、, President Bush repeatedly stated that the United States wanted U.N. support but, if such support was not forthcoming, the United States would still take action to enforce Iraqs WMD obligations.There is probably no definitive way to disprove the argument that the Bush administration was set on inva

9、ding Iraq no matter what happened at the United Nations. One might speculate in response that had there been no plausible legal justification whatsoever available to the Bush administration, then no foreign states would have allied themselves with the United States, U.S. public opinion would not hav

10、e shifted, and the Bush administration ultimately would have continued to pursue weapons inspections rather than an invasion, or would have engaged in a lesser use of force (akin to the bombings of 1998). The importance of the internal and external factors discussed above provides some support to su

11、ch speculation, but cannot lead to any definitive conclusions.At the same time, it appears mistaken to draw sweeping conclusions from the fact of the U.S. invasion of Iraq about the general efficacy of international rules on the use of force or the utility of the Security Council.Sean D. Murphy: “As

12、sessing the Legality of Invading Iraq”59. Which of the following is the best topic for the above paragraphs?60. According to the author, the biggest victim of the Iraq war is _.61. Reading these paragraphs, one can see that the author _.62. The last paragraph means that _.问题1选项A.International Law an

13、d the Iraq WarB.Assessing the Legality of Invading IraqC.International Law has Little Force Constraining State BehaviorD.The United Nations and the United States问题2选项A.the United NationsB.persons in states that both opposed and supported the warC.the integrity of the United NationsD.the Bush Adminis

14、tration问题3选项A.holds up the Bush Administration in launching the Iraq warB.opposes the Bush Administration in launching the Iraq warC.expresses no opinion of pros or cons of the Iraq warD.takes a neutral position in analyzing the legality of the Iraq war问题4选项A.to draw sweeping conclusions about the f

15、unction of international rules on the use of force or the utility of the Security Council from the U.S. appears mistakenB.it is a mistake to draw sweeping conclusions about the function of international rules on the use of force or the utility of the Security CouncilC.one should not get conclusion r

16、egarding the function of international law on use of force from the US invasion of IraqD.it is wrong to get extensive conclusion regarding the efficiency of international law on use of force and use of the Security Council from the US invasion of Iraq【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D【解析】59. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】主旨大意

17、题。根据第一段开头One might accept that international law and international institutions played an important role in the events leading up to the U.S. invasion of Iraq, but still be of the view that, ultimately, the fact of the invasion in the face of no persuasive legal justification discredits the idea tha

18、t international rules on the use of force constrain state behavior and the idea that the Security Council plays an important role in coordinating collective security.（有人可能会接受国际法和国际机构在导致美国入侵伊拉克的事件中发挥了重要作用，但仍然认为，最终，由于没有令人信服的法律依据，这次入侵的事实使关于使用武力的国际规则约束国家行为的想法和安理会在协调集体安全方面发挥重要作用的想法不可信），结合全文内容可知，作者主要在探讨分析

19、伊拉克战争的合法性，选B选项“入侵伊拉克的合法性评估”；通读全文可知，国际法只是文章中所提到的片面内容，A选项“国际法和伊拉克战争”不能概括全文，排除；C选项“国际法对国家行为的约束力很小”和D选项“联合国和美国”不是文章主要探讨的内容，排除。因此B选项正确。60. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“the biggest victim”定位到原文第一段One effort to determine the attitudes of persons worldwide in the aftermath of the invasion indicated that one o

20、f the biggest casualties of the war was the credibility of the United Nations, for persons in states that both opposed and supported the war.（一项确定全世界人民在入侵后态度的努力表明，战争最大的伤亡之一是联合国对反对和支持战争的国家的人的信誉）可知伊拉克战争的最大受害者是联合国的信誉，选C选项“联合国的诚信”，同时可知A选项“联合国”范围过大，排除；B选项“反对和支持战争的各州的人”以及D选项“布什政府”和原文不符。因此C选项正确。61. 【试题答案】B

21、【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到原文最后一段At the same time, it appears mistaken to draw sweeping conclusions from the fact of the U.S. invasion of Iraq about the general efficacy of international rules on the use of force or the utility of the Security Council.（与此同时，从美国入侵伊拉克的事实中得出关于国际使用武力规则或安理会效用的普遍效力的结论似乎是错误的）可知作者认为关于国

22、际使用武力规则或安理会效用的普遍效力的结论似乎是错误的，即反对伊拉克战争，选B选项“反对布什政府发动伊拉克战争”，同时可知A选项“阻碍布什政府发动伊拉克战争”错误，作者只是反对，不是阻碍，C选项“没有表达对伊拉克战争的赞成或反对意见”和D选项“在分析伊拉克战争的合法性时采取中立立场”错误，作者有明确的表明自己的观点。因此B选项正确。62. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到最后一段At the same time, it appears mistaken to draw sweeping conclusions from the fact of the U.S. invasi

23、on of Iraq about the general efficacy of international rules on the use of force or the utility of the Security Council.（与此同时，从美国入侵伊拉克的事实中得出关于国际使用武力规则或安理会效用的普遍效力的结论似乎是错误的）可知选D选项“从美国入侵伊拉克就得出关于使用武力和安理会使用的国际法有效性的广泛结论是错误的”；A选项“从美国那里得出关于使用武力的国际规则的作用或安理会的效用的笼统结论似乎是错误的”，B选项“就关于使用武力或安全理事会效用的国际规则的作用得出笼统的结论是错

24、误的”以及C选项“从美国入侵伊拉克就不能得出关于使用武力的国际法的作用的结论”都和原文表达的含义有偏差。因此D选项正确。4. 单选题VII. Economic LawInside information in the U.S. is “material nonpublic information”. The problem is, all information to some extent is non-public. All information is at once material to some investors to a certain extent but irrelevan

25、t to other investors to a certain extent.Federal legislation does not define inside information. Definitions have arisen through controversial case law. However, inside information can never be completely defined because all information is, to varying degrees, nonpublic. Unlike ECMH, a realistic ass

26、umption is that most information is unknown and often unknowable as well. For example, most people do not know generally accepted accounting principles. Yet, the GAAP are well established and quite necessary to a solid fundamental analysis of any stock. Is GAAP inside information? Are accountants “i

27、nsiders”? Do they have an “unfair” trading advantage for their knowledge of fundamental analysis of stock values (ratios) does in fact give them a trading advantage as Warren Buffet exemplifies. We rightly do not punish accountants for their expertise. Yet their expertise is based on a thorough know

28、ledge of exactly the type of information that is regarded as “inside”!The untenability of the “inside” information distinction becomes clear if we look at insider trading from the perspective of information theory. Information, like any product, has a life cycle. All information starts its life cycl

29、e as “unknown”. Information at first is known by no one. Information is somehow discovered or invented. Then it is “known only by a few”. We might call these persons “insiders” and the law sometimes does. This “inside” information over time is disseminated at a rate corresponding to its value. When

30、does the information stop being “inside” and start being “public”? I think that question is unanswerable. In any event, once an information becomes widely disseminated it has little value. The value of “inside” information exists because it is rare like any product “rare” information has greater val

31、ue than “common” information. And it is the very value of a piece of information that encourages its dissemination. Outlawing use of “inside” information is a very good way to slow down its publication. In no other market do we punish those who would profit from their knowledge. In fact, in a few ma

32、rkets patents, trademarks and copyrights the law actually makes information monopolies. The value of “insider” information determines how rapidly and to whom the information flows. When the law imposes restrictions on the use of insider information it is distorting market processes, restricting info

33、rmation flow and generates market inefficiency.75. According to the author, the value of the information depends on _.76. The description that the life cycle of information starts from “unknown” to “known only by a few”, then to “public” is following the _.77. We only punish those who would profit f

34、rom their knowledge in _ market.78. In the first two paragraphs, the author wants to tell the readers that _.问题1选项A.the type of the informationB.the speed of its disseminationC.the legal restrictionD.its rareness问题2选项A.statutory rulesB.market operationC.information theoryD.product life cycle问题3选项A.i

35、ntellectual propertiesB.securitiesC.accountingD.general product问题4选项A.“inside information” is difficult to be definedB.all information to some extent is non-public, thus “inside”C.the accountants knowledge of GAAP can also be “inside information”D.All information is material for some investors but i

36、rrelevant or known to other investors【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A【解析】75. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字定位到原文第二段The value of “inside” information exists because it is rare like any product “rare” information has greater value than “common” information.（“内部”信息的价值之所以存在，是因为它是稀有的就像任何产品一样，“稀有”信息比“普通”信息的价值更大）可知信息的

37、价值取决于它的稀有程度，选D选项“稀有”；第二段In any event, once an information becomes widely disseminated it has little value.（无论如何，一旦信息被广泛传播，它就没有什么价值）可知是传播范围越广，信息就越没有价值，和传播速度无关，B选项“它传播的速度”属于过度推测，排除；A选项“信息的类型”和C选项“法律限制”和原文不符，排除。因此D选项正确。76. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第二段Information, like any product, has a life cycle.（

38、信息和任何产品一样，都有一个生命周期）可以推测出信息的生命周期和产品的生命周期相似，选D选项“产品生命周期”；A选项“法定规则”，B选项“市场运行”以及C选项“信息理论”和原文不符。因此D选项正确。77. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段 In no other market do we punish those who would profit from their knowledge. In fact, in a few markets patents, trademarks and copyrights the law actually makes inform

39、ation monopolies.（在其他任何市场，我们都不会惩罚那些从他们的知识中获利的人。事实上，在一些市场专利、商标和版权法律实际上造成了信息垄断）可知在其他市场，依靠知识获利不会被惩罚，但是在“专利、商标和版权”这样的知识产权下，法律形成了垄断，即法律会保护知识产权，会惩罚那些用他们的知识在知识产权市场上获利的人，选A选项“知识产权”；第二段We rightly do not punish accountants for their expertise.（我们不应该因为会计师的专业知识而惩罚他们）可知C选项“会计”是不会被惩罚，排除；B选项“证券”以及D选项“通用产品”原文未涉及，属于

40、无中生有。因此A选项符合题意。78. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】作者意图题。根据第一段中心句Inside information in the U.S. is “material nonpublic information”. The problem is, all information to some extent is non-public.（在美国，内部信息是“重要的非公开信息”。问题是，所有的信息在某种程度上都是非公开的）可知所有的消息在某种程度上都是“非公开的”，所以很难定义内部消息。以及第二段中心句Federal legislation does not define insid

41、e informationHowever, inside information can never be completely defined because all information is, to varying degrees, nonpublic.（联邦立法没有对内幕信息进行定义然而，内幕信息永远无法被完全定义，因为所有的信息在不同程度上都是非公开的）可知第二段还是在强调内部信息是无法完全被定义的，因为所有的信息在不同程度上都是非公开的，则选A选项“内幕消息很难定义”；B选项“所有信息在某种程度上是非公开的，因此是内部的”和第一二段的逻辑关系不符，B选项主要强调信息在某种程度上非

42、公开导致是“内部消息”，但是一二段强调信息在某种程度上非公开导致“内部消息”无法被定义，B选项排除；C选项“会计知识的GAAP也可以是内部信息”是第二段的片面内容，D选项“所有信息对某些投资者来说是重要的，但对其他投资者来说是无关的或已知的”是第一段的片面内容，C选项和D选项都是以偏概全，排除。因此A选项正确。5. 单选题Ms. Breen has been living in town for only one year, yet she seems to be _ with everyone who comes to the store.问题1选项A.acceptedB.admittedC

43、.admiredD.acquainted【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项accepted“公认的；被认可的，被接受的（被大多数人接受的观点是正确的或合理的）”；B选项admitted“公认的；被承认了的（承认自己曾经做过的事情）”；C选项admired“被赞美的；被钦佩的”；D选项acquainted“熟识的；知晓的；有知识的”。句意：布林女士只在城里住了一年，但似乎每个来店里的人都很_她。本句表达“虽然布林女士在城里居住时间不长，但似乎每个来店里的人都很赞美她”，因此C选项正确。6. 单选题Two divergent definitions have dominated sociol

44、ogists discussions of the nature of ethnicity. The first emphasizes the primordial and unchanging character of ethnicity. In this view, people have an essential need for belonging that is satisfied by membership in groups based on shared ancestry and culture. A different conception of ethnicity de-e

45、mphasizes the cultural component and defines ethnic groups as interest groups. In this view, ethnicity serves as a way of mobilizing a certain population behind issues relating to its economic position. While both of these definitions are useful, neither fully captures the dynamic and changing aspec

46、ts of ethnicity in the United States.Rather, ethnicity is more satisfactorily conceived of as a process in which preexisting communal bonds and common cultural attributes are adapted for instrumental purposes according to changing real-life situations.One example of this process is the rise of parti

47、cipation by Native American people in the broader United States political system since the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s. Besides leading Native Americans to participate more actively in politics (the number of Native American legislative officeholders more than doubled), this movement also evo

48、ked increased interest in tribal history and traditional culture. Cultural and instrumental components of ethnicity are not mutually exclusive, but rather reinforce one another.The Civil Rights movement also brought changes in the uses to which ethnicity was put by Mexican American people. In the 19

49、60s, Mexican Americans formed community-based political groups that emphasized ancestral heritage as a way of mobilizing constituents. Such emerging issues as immigration and voting rights gave Mexican American advocacy groups the means by which to promote ethnic solidarity. Like European ethnic gro

50、ups in the nineteenth-century United States, late-twentieth-century Mexican American leaders combined ethnic with contemporary civic symbols. In 1968 Henry Censors, then mayor of San Antonio, Texas, cited Mexican leader Benito Juarez as a model for Mexican Americans in their fight for contemporary c

51、ivil rights. And every year, Mexican Americans celebrate Cinco de Mayo as fervently as many Irish American people embrace St. Patricks Day (both are major holidays in the countries of origin), with both holidays having been reinvented in the context of the United States and linked to ideals, symbols

52、, and heroes of the United States.46. Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?47. Which is the following statements about the first two definitions of ethnicity discussed in the first paragraph is supported by the passage?48. The author of the passage refers to Native America

53、n people in the second paragraph in order to provide an example of _.49. The passage supports which of the following statements about the Mexican American community?50. Which of the following types of ethnic cultural expression is discussed in the passage?问题1选项A.In their definitions of the nature of

54、 ethnicity, sociologists have underestimated the power of the primordial human need to belong.B.Ethnicity is best defined as a dynamic process that combines cultural components with shared political and economic interests.C.In the United States in the twentieth century, ethnic groups have begun to o

55、rganize in order to further their political and economic interests.D.Ethnicity in the United States has been significantly changed by the Civil Rights movement.问题2选项A.One is supported primarily by sociologists, and the other is favored by members of ethnic groups.B.One emphasizes the political aspec

56、ts of ethnicity, and the other focuses on the economic aspects.C.One is the result of analysis of United States populations, and the other is the result of analysis of European populations.D.One focuses more on the ancestral components of ethnicity than does the other.问题3选项A.the ability of membershi

57、p in groups based on shared ancestry and culture to satisfy an essential human need.B.how ethnic feelings have both motivated and been strengthened by political activity.C.how the Civil Rights movement can help promote solidarity among United States ethnic groups.D.how participation in the political

58、 system has helped to improve a groups economic situation.问题4选项A.In the 1960s the Mexican American community began to incorporate the customs of another ethnic group in the United States into the observation of its own ethnic holidays.B.In the 1960s Mexican American community groups promoted ethnic

59、solidarity primarily in order to effect economic change.C.In the 1960s leader of the Mexican American community concentrated their efforts on promoting a renaissance of ethnic history and cultureD.In the 1960s members of the Mexican American community were becoming increasingly concerned about the i

60、ssue of voting rights.问题5选项A.The retelling of traditional narrativesB.The wearing of traditional clothingC.The playing of traditional musicD.The celebration of traditional holidays【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】46. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】主旨大意题。第一段最后一句While both of these definitions are useful, neither fully

61、 captures the dynamic and changing aspects of ethnicity in the United States.（虽然这两种定义都是有用的，但都不能完全抓住美国种族的动态和变化的方面）引出两种定义的不足之处，第二段Rather, ethnicity is more satisfactorily conceived of as a process in which preexisting communal bonds and common cultural attributes are adapted for instrumental purposes

62、according to changing real-life situations.（相反，种族更令人满意地被设想为一个过程，在这个过程中，根据不断变化的现实生活情况，将先前存在的社区纽带和共同的文化属性调整为工具性目的）作者给出更完善的定义，第三段第四段都在举例说明该定义，选B选项“族裔最好定义为将文化成分与共同的政治和经济利益结合起来的动态过程”；A选项“在他们对种族本质的定义中，社会学家低估了原始人类需要归属感的力量”和原文不符；C选项“在20世纪的美国，少数民族开始团结起来，以促进他们的政治和经济利益”和D选项“民权运动显著改变了美国的种族”仅是第三段的内容，以偏概全。因此B选项正确

63、。47. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第一段The first emphasizes the primordial and unchanging character of ethnicity. In this view, people have an essential need for belonging that is satisfied by membership in groups based on shared ancestry and culture. A different conception of ethnicity de-emphasizes t

64、he cultural component（第一种观点强调了种族的原始和不变的特性。按照这种观点，人们对归属感有一种基本的需求，这种需求由基于共同祖先和文化的群体成员身份来满足。一种不同的种族概念淡化了文化成分）可知选D选项“更注重种族的祖先组成部分”；A选项“一种观点主要得到社会学家的支持，另一种观点则受到少数民族成员的青睐”，B选项“一个强调种族的政治方面，另一个强调经济方面”以及C选项“一个是美国人口分析的结果，另一个是欧洲人口分析的结果”都和第一段不符。因此D选项正确。48. 【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段One example of this process is the rise of participation by Native American people in the broader United States political system since the Civil Rights movement of the 1