2022年考博英语-辽宁大学考前模拟强化练习题92（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-辽宁大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Some people think that a（ ）translation, or word-for-word translation, is easier than a free translation.问题1选项A.liberalB.literaryC.literalD.linear【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。liberal意为“自由的”；literary意为“文学的”；literal意为“文字上的，字面的”；linear意为“直线的，线形的”。由句中的than可知是与a free translation（意译

2、）相比较，翻译一般分为意译与直意，因此选C。句意：有些人认为直译，或者说逐字逐句的翻译，比意译容易。2. 单选题Because a degree from a good university is the means to a better job, education is one of the most（ ）areas in Japanese life.问题1选项A.sophisticatedB.competitiveC.considerateD.superficial【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。sophisticated意为“见多识广的，老练的”；competitive意为“竞争的

3、，比赛的”；considerate意为“考虑周到的，体贴的”；superficial意为“肤浅的，表面的”。由前面because引导的原因状语，可知好大学的学位意味着好更好的工作，故此推测教育领域具有竞争性，因此选B。句意：因为一所好大学的学位是获得更好工作的手段，所以教育是日本人生活中最具竞争的领域之一。3. 翻译题We have inherited a world of relative abundance, one where we can still for the most part meet our needs. We can be thankful for the wisdom

4、of our forebears, who evidently took their responsibility for the future seriously. Yet, imagine a world without the amazing diversity of species from which we now benefit, a world without decent soil to farm, air to breathe, or water to drink. Such a world is one that any generation could inherit i

5、f its predecessor did not find wisdom in its responsibility to the future.What we are today depends to a great extent upon how we have been formed by the generations that have preceded us. When we look to future generations, our position toward them is analogous to the position of past generations t

6、oward us. We are the data out of which the future will be formed. What we are and do today will limit or create their options, and in this way we profoundly help to shape their destiny. What kind of world we leave to the future is essentially a question of moral responsibility.【答案】【参考译文】我们继承了一个相对富饶的

7、世界，在这个世界里，我们仍能在很大程度上满足自己的需求。我们应该感谢我们祖先的智慧，他们显然认真地承担了他们对未来的责任。然而，想象一个没有我们现在受益的惊人物种多样性的世界，一个没有像样的土壤可以耕种、没有空气可以呼吸、没有水可以饮用的世界，那么在这样的世界中，如果前辈们没有从对未来的责任中发现智慧，任何一代人都能对其进行继承。我们今天是什么样子，在很大程度上取决于我们的前辈如何塑造我们。当我们对将来的几代人负责时，我们对他们的态度就类似于过去几代人对我们的态度。我们是构成未来的“数据”。我们今天的状况和所作所为将会限制或塑造他们的选择，而通过这种方式，我们在他们命运形成的过程中具有深远意义

8、。我们留给未来什么样的世界，从本质上说，是一种道德责任的问题。4. 单选题The guests were in a jubilant mood as the wedding began.问题1选项A.exultantB.conciliatoryC.reverentD.receptive【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。a jubilant意为“喜庆洋洋的，欢欣鼓舞的”；exultant意为“狂喜的；兴高采烈的”；conciliatory意为“调解的，安抚的”；reverent意为“恭敬的，虔敬的”；receptive意为“乐于接受的”。句意：婚礼开始时，客人们都喜气洋洋。5. 单选题As a（

9、 ）actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.问题1选项A.flexibleB.versatileC.sophisticatedD.productive【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。flexible意为“灵活的”；versatile意为“多才多艺的，有多种技能的”；sophisticated意为“见多识广的，老练的”；productive意为“多产的，有效益的”。由句子后面的内容可知他会很多才艺，因此选B。句意：作为一名多才多艺的演员，他会表演、唱歌、跳舞并能演奏好几种乐

10、器。6. 单选题Her doctor is concerned about the _ of her blood pressure since her last visit.问题1选项A.intensityB.elevationC.boostD.span【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项intensity“强度；强烈；亮度；紧张”；B选项elevation“高地；海拔；提高；崇高；正面图”；C选项boost“推动；帮助；宣扬”；D选项span“跨度，跨距；范围”。句意：自从她上次来看病以来，她的医生很担心她的血压_。血压一般用上升、下降或高、低来形容，句子的意思应该是医生担心她的血压升高，

11、所以B选项正确。7. 翻译题Five National Health Service (NHS) trusts have signed partnerships with Google to process sensitive patient records, in what are believed to be the first deals of their kind. The collaborations came after DeepMind, the London-based artificial intelligence company owned by Alphabet, tra

12、nsferred control of its health division to its Californian parent. DeepMind had contracts to process medical data from six NHS trusts to develop its app, which alerts doctors and nurses when patients are at risk of acute kidney injury, as well as to conduct AI research. Five of the trusts chose to s

13、ign contracts with Google. According to papers from the Royal Free, the data that will be shared with Google will include details such as medical history, diagnoses, treatment dates and ethnic origin.【答案】【参考译文】英国国家医疗服务体系的五家信托公司与谷歌签署了合作伙伴关系，以处理敏感的患者记录，这被认为是此类交易的首次。此前，总部位于伦敦的Alphabet旗下人工智能公司DeepMind将其

14、医疗部门的控制权转让给了位于加州的母公司。DeepMind与NHS签订了合同，处理来自6个信托机构的医疗数据，以开发自己的应用，以及进行人工智能研究。当患者面临急性肾损伤风险时，该应用会向医生和护士发出警报。其中5家信托公司选择与谷歌签订合同。根据皇家自由报的文件，谷歌将共享的数据包括病史、诊断、治疗日期和种族等细节。8. 翻译题6. Instead of being approached by human personnel, the bank foyer is staffed by a robot, which serves as the bank lobby manager, and i

15、s able to communicate with customers to meet their needs and solve their problems. The difference between a traditional self-service bank and the unmanned bank is the intelligent self-service equipment which is able to access various banking services within the branch.【答案】【参考译文】6.在银行大厅迎客的不是人类员工，而是作为

16、银行大堂经理配备的一个机器人，它能与客户交流互动以满足其需要并解决其问题。传统的自助银行和无人银行之间的区别在于智能自助服务设备，它能够访问分支机构内的各种银行服务。9. 单选题This product is（ ）to change without notice.问题1选项A.despiteB.evilC.subjectD.crust【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。be subject to“受支配，从属于；常遭受；有倾向的”。A选项despite的常用搭配有in despite of / despite of不管，不顾；B选项evil的常用搭配有speak evil of 说坏话；诽谤/ d

17、o evil 作恶；为非作歹；干坏事；造孽；D选项crust“地壳，地表，坚硬外壳”，常用固定搭配很少；句意：本产品（ ）更换，恕不另行通知。根据句意可知C选项更符合句意，因此C选项正确。10. 单选题He had always had a good opinion of himself, but after the publication of his best-selling novel he became unbearably （ ）.问题1选项A.bigotedB.proudC.conceitedD.exaggerated【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。bigoted意为“偏执的，顽

18、固的，心胸狭窄的”；proud意为“得意的，自豪的”；conceited意为“自负的，骄傲自大的”；exaggerated意为“夸大的，言过其实的”。由句中的but可知前后为转折关系，C选项最符合语境。句意：他一直对自己评价很高，但在他的畅销小说出版后，他变得及其自负。11. 单选题A manufacturer of sports shoes starts selling consumer electronics. A soft drink lends its name to a range of urban clothing. Whats going on? In simpler times

19、, you knew where you were with brands. One brand name meant good-quality sports shoes, another a soft drink. No confusion. Today, however, big companies try to redefine brands as not so much a product, more a way of life, and stretch them into new areas. In the early years of the consumer society, a

20、 brand name on a box simply identified what was inside. People were looking for products that would improve their quality of life, and choose brands most likely to achieve that purpose. But as people in industrialized nations became more affluent and fulfilled their basic needs, brands acquired othe

21、r attributes. The functionality of the product was still important, but people also started using brands to say something about themselves, for example, choosing a brand of cosmetics which would suggest that they were sophisticated jet-setters.Now, we have entered a third age of branding, in which s

22、o many companies are making roughly the same product at roughly the same price that functionality rarely succeeds as a point of differentiation. Instead, companies are trying to make their brands stand out by emphasizing their emotional aspects, hoping consumers will identify with the set of values

23、the brand represents.One disadvantage of a product-based brand is that if the product goes out of fashion, the brand goes with it. This is a serious concern for manufactures of breakfast cereals, who are struggling to counter weak demand for the products that bear their names. So far, their marketin

24、g efforts seem to be having little effect. The advantage for emotional brands is that companies can transfer their brand strength into other areas, increasing revenues and reducing their exposure to the lifespan of a single product.The elasticity of brands seems to be related to their position on a

25、spectrum ranging from those rooted in solid, tangible assets to those with highly intangible emotional qualities. At the one end, you have train companies that tend to associate themselves with infrastructure and their ability to get you from A to B, and at the other end would be a leisure brand tha

26、t positions itself on dreams and making people have fun. It is the latter which has the maximum potential for stretch.But even emotional brands have a limit to their elasticity. The merchandise has to be consistent with the brand promise. Just to sell merchandise with your logo on it is a short-term

27、, mistaken idea. From this viewpoint, the decision to move from sports shoes into consumer electronics makes sense. Most items in the range, such as the two-way radio for hikers, are sports-focused, even though the products may be adopted as fashion accessories, and the sports shoe customers will pr

28、obably snap them up.When the move was made from soft drinks into clothing, however, it left the branding consultants cold. It was a difficult mental leap into clothing from the drink so closely associated with that particular brand name. On the other hand, the emotional attributes that youngsters se

29、em to find appealing in the drink, like its heritage and global appeal, are fashionable at the moment, and in fact response to the clothes with the same name has been overwhelming. Maybe this just shows that an inspired moveand by all accounts a snap decisionsometimes pays off against the odds, leav

30、ing the manufacturer laughing all the way to the bank.1.According to the writer, an attribute of the third age of branding is that（ ）.2.The writer mentions manufacturers of breakfast cereals to illustrate how（ ）.3.The writer argue that the stretch from sports shoes into consumer electronics is likel

31、y to be successful because（ ）.4.The writer argues that the stretch form soft drinks into clothing（ ）.问题1选项A.competing products may serve their purpose equally wellB.the range of products available is too large for all to surviveC.consumers are becoming confused about the products availableD.price ha

32、s become a key factor in consumers choice of products问题2选项A.competition can have an impact on a productB.a brand can lose its popularity despite a strong market for the productC.advertising can affect sales of a productD.changes in the popularity of products can cause difficulties问题3选项A.existing cus

33、tomers have demanded the new productsB.they will be sold in the same outletsC.the new lines will expand the manufacturers marketD.there is a connection in the way that the goods can be used问题4选项A.was a gamble which succeededB.built on the popularity of certain type of clothingC.showed the value of c

34、areful planningD.created production problems for the manufacturer【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Now, we have entered a third age of branding, in which so many companies are making roughly the same product at roughly the same price that functionality rarely succeeds as a point of differe

35、ntiation.（现在，我们已经进入了品牌化的第三阶段，在这一阶段，许多公司以大致相同的价格生产大致相同的产品，而功能很少作为一个差异点成功）可知A选项“竞争产品可能提供相同的功能”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的One disadvantage of a product-based brand is that if the product goes out of fashion, the brand goes with it. This is a serious concern for manufactures of breakfast cereals, who are stru

36、ggling to counter weak demand for the products that bear their names.（以产品为基础的品牌的一个缺点是，如果产品过时了，品牌也会随之改变。这是早餐谷类食品制造商的一个严重担忧，他们正努力应对以其名字命名的产品需求疲软）可知D选项“产品受欢迎程度的变化可能会造成困难”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由文章第五段中的From this viewpoint, the decision to move from sports shoes into consumer electronics makes sense. Most items in

37、 the range, such as the two-way radio for hikers, are sports-focused, even though the products may be adopted as fashion accessories, and the sports shoe customers will probably snap them up.（从这个角度来看，决定从运动鞋转向消费电子产品是有道理的。该系列中的大多数产品，如徒步旅行者使用的对讲机，虽然可能会被当成是时尚配饰，但同样也是运动类产品，并且运动鞋的消费者可能会抢购这类产品）可知D选项“在产品使用方

38、面存在联系”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Maybe this just shows that an inspired moveand by all accounts a snap decisionsometimes pays off against the odds, leaving the manufacturer laughing all the way to the bank.（也许这正好表明了一个富有灵感的行为或者按大家说的是一个仓促的决定有时可能也会一把赌赢，最后使得制造商轻而易举地赚大钱）可知A选项“是一场成功的赌博”符合题意。12. 单选题A _ judge we

39、ighs all the evidence and excludes all personal feelings.问题1选项A.scrupulousB.restlessC.sarcasticD.resourceful【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项scrupulous“细心的；小心谨慎的；一丝不苟的；严格认真的”；B选项restless“焦躁不安的；不安宁的；得不到满足的”；C选项sarcastic“挖苦的；尖刻的，辛辣的”；D选项resourceful“足智多谋的；机智的”。句意：一位_法官会权衡所有的证据，排除所有的个人感情。一丝不苟，严格认真符合法官形象，权衡证据以及排除个人感情

40、说明一丝不苟，不能体现机智，所以A选项正确。13. 单选题An important property of a scientific theory is its ability to spur further research and further thinking about a particular topic.问题1选项A.renovateB.advocateC.arouseD.stimulate【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。spur意为“鞭策，激励，刺激”；renovate意为“翻新，修复，整修”；advocate意为“提倡”；arouse意为“引起”；stimulate意为“促进

41、，激励，刺激”。句意：科学理论的一个重要特性是它能够激励对某一特定主题的进一步研究和思考。14. 单选题The university refused to accept him because he was not （ ）for admission.问题1选项A.admissibleB.permissibleC.eligibleD.suitable【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。admissible意为“(尤指法庭)可接受的，受理的”；permissible意为“容许的，许可的”；eligible意为“有资格的，合格的，具备条件的” ；suitable意为“合适的，适当的”。句意：这所大学拒

42、绝接收他，因为他不合入学资格。15. 单选题The campers have to make do with the old equipment.问题1选项A.do withoutB.replaceC.manage withD.repair【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。make do with意为“设法应付”；do without意为“没有也行，将就”；replace意为“替换，代替”；manage with意为“设法对付，用设法对付”；repair意为“恢复，修理”。句意：露营者不得不凑合着使用这些旧装备。16. 单选题He was asked to be the（ ）of the bad

43、minton game because he was an impartial person.问题1选项A.judgeB.umpireC.fanD.controller【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。judge意为“法官，审判员”，泛指各种场合中的评判人员；umpire意为“裁判员”多用于仲裁者本身不需随比赛移动位置，如羽毛球、游泳、板球、棒球等；fan意为“迷，狂热爱好者，风扇”；controller意为“(尤指大型机构或部门的)管理者，控制者”。由the badminton game（羽毛球比赛）可知选B。句意：他被要求担任羽毛球比赛的裁判，因为他是一个公正的人。17. 单选题A numb

44、er of loopholes still remain in the campaign contribution law.问题1选项A.unprofitable sectionsB.illogical contradictionsC.descriptions for cheatingD.ways of evading rules【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。loophole意为“(法律、合同等的) 漏洞，空子”；unprofitable sections意为“无利可图的部分”；illogical contradictions意为“不合逻辑的矛盾”；descriptions for chea

45、ting意为“欺骗描述”；ways of evading rules意为“规避规则的方式”。句意：竞选捐款法仍然存在一些漏洞。18. 单选题Between about 1910 and 1930, new artistic movements in European art were making themselves felt in the United States. American artists became acquainted with the new art on their trips to Paris and at the exhibitions in the famous

46、 New York gallery 291” (named after its address on the Fifth Avenue) of the photographer Alfred Stieglitz. But the most important in the spread of the modern movements in the United States was the sensational Armory Show of 1913 held in New York, in which the works of many of the leading European ar

47、tists were seen along with the works of a number of progressive American painters.Several of the American modernists who were influenced by the Armory Show found the urban landscape, especially New York, an appealing subject. Compared with the works of the realist painters, the works of American mod

48、ernists were much further removed from the actual appearance of the city. They were more interested in the “feel” of the city, more concerned with the meaning behind appearance. However, both the painters of the Ash Can School and the later realists were still tied to nineteenth century or earlier s

49、tyles, while the early modernists shared in the international breakthroughs of the art of the twentieth century.The greatest of these breakthroughs was Cubism, developed most fully in France between 1907 and 1914, which brought about a major revolution since the Renaissance. In Cubism natural forms

50、were broken down analytically into geometric shapes. No longer was a clear differentiation made between the figure and the background of a painting. The objects represented and the surface on which they were painted became one. The Cubists abandoned the conventional single vantage point of the viewe

51、r, and objects depicted from multiple viewpoints were shown at the same time.1.With what topic is the passage primarily concerned?2.Which of the following is not mentioned as a means through which American artists learned about new movements?3.Why does the author mention Alfred Stieglitz ?4.Accordin

52、g to the passage, which of the following was a major new movement in the twentieth-century art?5.According to the author, which of the following was a favorite subject for American modernists?问题1选项A.The development of Cubism.B.Modem art movements in the United States.C.Contemporary artists in the Un

53、ited States.D.The influence of photography on landscape painters.问题2选项A.Lessons from successful artistsB.The exhibitions at the gallery 291C.Trips to EuropeD.The Armory Show of 1913问题3选项A.To demonstrate that photography was the major influence in modem art.B.To compare him to other artists of the ti

54、me.C.To point out that many artists learned their craft by studying with him.D.To give an example of someone who had an influence on modern art.问题4选项A.RenaissanceB.CubismC.The rational tradition.D.Impressionism.问题5选项A.Portraits of famous peopleB.Country scenesC.City landscapesD.Pictures of buildings

55、 interiors【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了20世纪的美国艺术运动，因此B选项“美国现代艺术运动”符合题意。A选项“立体派的发展”主要体现在第三段中；文章没有讲当代艺术家，故C选项“当代美国艺术家”不正确；D选项“摄影对风景画家的影响”在第二段中稍有提及，过于片面。2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的American artists became acquainted with the new art on their trips to Paris and at the exhibitions in the famous Ne

56、w York gallery 291” of the photographer Alfred Stieglitz. But the most important in the spread of the modern movements in the United States was the sensational Armory Show of 1913 held in New York（美国艺术家在巴黎之行和摄影家Alfred Stieglitz的著名纽约画廊291的展览中熟悉了新的艺术。但是在美国现代运动传播中最重要的是1913年在纽约举行的轰动一时的军械库展览）可知美国艺术家通过巴黎之

57、行、291画廊展览和1913年的军械库展览了解运动，只有A选项“成功艺术家的经验教训”没有提及，因此选A。3.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的American artists became acquainted with the new art on their trips to Paris and at the exhibitions in the famous New York gallery 291” of the photographer Alfred Stieglitz.（美国艺术家在巴黎之行和摄影家Alfred Stieglitz的著名纽约画廊291的展览中熟悉了新的艺术）可知此处是列

58、举几个队现代艺术有影响的例子，因此选D。4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的The greatest of these breakthroughs was Cubism, developed most fully in France between 1907 and 1914, which brought about a major revolution since the Renaissance.（其中最大的突破是1907年至1914年在法国发展充分的立体派，这引发了文艺复兴以来的一场重大革命）可知选B。5.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Several of the American moder

59、nists who were influenced by the Armory Show found the urban landscape, especially New York, an appealing subject.（几个受军械展影响的美国现代主义者发现了城市景观是一个非常吸引人的话题，尤其是纽约）可知选C。19. 单选题The officer murmured his consent.问题1选项A.stutteredB.noddedC.mumbledD.uttered【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。murmur意为“低语，喃喃细语”；stutter意为“口吃，结结巴巴地说”；no

60、d意为“点头”；mumble意为“嘟哝，低声说”；utter意为“说，出声”。句意：警官低声表示同意。20. 翻译题Put the following 3 Chinese sentences into English and 3 English sentences into Chinese.没有永远的优点，也没有永远的缺点。这篇文章告诉我们，对待优点和缺点应当采取客观的态度。具体地说，盲目地崇拜他人的优点必定会伤害我们的自信，而完全忽略自身缺点则会导致自负。总而言之，两种极端都会使我们失去充分发挥自身优势的机会。因此，我们需要找到合适的方法释放自己的优势，并且把暂吋的缺点转化成优点。数字表明自

61、我雇佣的英国人大多为男性，工作的吋间比全职工作的员工长而且赚得少。事实上，2007至2016期间，自我雇佣者的实际薪水要比受雇佣员工下降得更快。这或许能解释为何英国近几年的生产率提高速度如同蜗牛爬行。对于以音乐为爱好的研究者来说，音乐有助于他们的研究。把他们的头脑从实验的结构严密性以及数据的乏味中解脱出来，使之徜徉在韵律与节奏的世界里会帮助他发挥科学创造性。一位研宄者发现，令人满意的表演持续几天甚至仅几个小吋之后，常给他开展研究的灵感。US military has begun deploying a missile defense system in South Korea. The THA

62、AD system is designed to shoot down incoming missiles. China says it will take unspecified measures against it. And many Korean and Chinese are irritated and they have been protesting against South Koreas irresponsible action of this deployment.In some cases, a longer resume might be in order. For example, graphic designers or visual artists might benefit from creating an illustrated resume, and academics, researchers, or long-time executives may need more than one page to capture the breadth of their experience. But in general, its best to avoid overburdening busy rec