2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考前模拟强化练习题74（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-广东工业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题The republication of the poets most recent works will certainly（ ）his national reputation.问题1选项A.enhanceB.strengthenC.enlargeD.magnify【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。enhance增加，加强，提高；strengthen加强，巩固；enlarge扩大，使增大；magnify放大，赞美。句意：这位诗人最新作品的再版必将提高他在全国的声誉。enhance reputation提高声誉；A项符合

2、题意。2. 翻译题My father was a middle-class black. Though he was born poor, he achieved middle-class standing through much hard work and sacrifice（one of his favorite words）and by identifying fully with solid middle-class valuesmainly hard work, family life, property ownership, and education for his child

3、ren（all four of whom have advanced degrees）. In his mind these were not so much values as laws of nature. People who embodied them made up the positive images in his class identification. The negative images came largely from the blacks he had left behind because they were going nowhere.”Whether I l

4、ive up to these values or not, I know that my acceptance of them is the result of lifelong conditioning. I know also that I share this conditioning with middle-class people of all races and that I can no more easily be free of it than I can be free of my race. For the middle-class black, conditioned

5、 by these values from birth, the sense of meaning they provide is as immutable as the color of his skin.It has always annoyed me to hear from the mouths of certain arbiters of blackness that middle-class blacks should reach back” and pull up those blacks less fortunate than theyas though middle-clas

6、s status were an unearned and essentially passive condition in which one needed a large measure of noblesse oblige to occupy ones time. My own image is of reaching back from a moving train to lift on board those who have no tickets. This, I think, is something members of the black middle class can r

7、ealistically offer to other blacks. But they cannot lead by example until they are released from a black identity that regards that example as suspect, that sees them as “marginally” black, indeed that holds them back by catching them in a double bind.【答案】【参考译文】我父亲是一个中产阶级黑人。虽然出身贫寒，但他通过努力工作和牺牲（他最喜欢的词

8、），以及通过充分认同的坚实的中产阶级价值观主要是努力工作、（重视）家庭生活、（拥有）财产所有权以及（注重）孩子的教育（四个孩子都有高等学位），从而实现了中产阶级的地位。在他看来，这些与其说是价值观，不如说是自然法则。那些拥有这些价值观念的人在他的阶级认同中树立了积极的形象。负面形象主要来自于被父亲抛在身后的黑人，因为他们“一事无成”。不管我是否实践了这些价值观，我知道我对它们的接受是终身熏陶的结果。我也知道，我与所有种族的中产阶级都受同样的熏陶，我不能轻易摆脱它，就像我不能轻易摆脱我的种族一样。对于中产阶级黑人来说，从出生起就受到这些价值观的制约，它们所提供的意义就像他的肤色一样不可改变。经常

9、让我恼火的是，总是从某些黑人仲裁者口中听到黑人中产阶级应该“返回去”,并且让那些不如他们幸运的黑人也振作起来。好像中产阶级地位是不劳而获的，并且基本上是被动的条件，在这种条件下一个人需要很大程度上的贵族品德来占用个人的时间。我自己的形象就是从一辆行驶的火车返回，让那些没有车票的人登上火车。我认为，这是黑人中产阶级成员可以实际提供给其他黑人的东西。但是他们无法自身作则，直到他们从黑人身份中解放出来，这种身份把榜样视为可疑分子，把他们视为“勉强”的黑人，事实上，这个身份把他们拖了回来，使他们陷入双重困境。3. 单选题Chinas first set of regulations on human

10、organ transplant, which prohibits organizations and individuals from trading human organs in any form,（ ）on May 1st, 2007.问题1选项A.fell backB.fell shortC.went into effectD.came to the point【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A选项fell back表示“后退”；B选项fell short表示“不符合标准，缺乏”；C选项went into effect表示“生效”；D选项come to the point表示“直

11、截了当的说，简明扼要的说”。分析句意可知，中国颁布的首部人体器官移植条例是从2007年5月1日开始（ ）。由此可知，C选项的词义更符合句意。因此本题正确答案为C选项。4. 单选题There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we hav

12、e met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.For some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of mise

13、ry and suffering is considered a success, Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature, and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by him and his society. On th

14、e other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own goals of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achiev

15、ing success, but if one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set ones goals at too low a level of achievement.A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success: “You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have s

16、uccess in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park, or riding the subway downtown,” The counselor added, “You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have gi

17、ven your best effort.1. In the first paragraph, the author implies that（ ）are essential in achieving success.2. The word “frugal（Line 2, Para. 2）means（ ）.3. Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because（ ）.4. The last paragraph implies that（ ）.5. This passage mainly talks about（ ）.问题1选项A

18、.ability and goalsB.goals and determinationC.ability and environmentD.goals and environment问题2选项A.wealthyB.wastefulC.thriftyD.miserable问题3选项A.their life is miserableB.they do not live in peaceC.their goals are too lowD.they are not rich enough by their own standards问题4选项A.we should have high goalsB.

19、success means achieving great goalsC.success means taking a walk in the parkD.success means trying ones best at what one really likes问题5选项A.the definition of successB.how to achieve successC.how to set goalsD.the importance of goals【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干定位到第一段最后一句“Because each

20、of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly. 因为我们每个人在遗传能力和表达这些能力的有利环境方面都有独特的差异，所以我们必须广义地定义成功。”由此可知环境和能力是成功的必要因素。C项正确。2.词义题。由第二段第二句For some people, simply being able to

21、 live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success, Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature由前面的“对一些人来说，只要能以最少的痛苦和折磨过自己的生活就算是成功了，想想那些内心平静的可怜的牧羊人吧”可知牧羊人与家人一起在大自然的美景中享受简朴的生活。故C项正确。3.

22、细节事实题。根据题干定位到第二段On the other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own goals of success. 另一方面，似乎即使有些人看起来拥有丰富的物质财富，他们中的许多人似乎是悲惨的，当以他们自己的成功目标来判断时，他们认为自己是不成功的。可知富

23、人认为自己不成功是因为从他们自己的目标来衡量时并不够富有。故D项正确。4.判断推理题。由最后一段“The counselor added, “You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have given your best effort.” 顾问补充说:“你并没有真正失败，也没有破坏你成功的机会，直到你在你真正喜欢的事情上失败了，并为此付出了最大的努

24、力。可知D项正确。ABC三项与原文不符。5.主旨大意题。全文主要第一段讲述了成功的定义，第二段和第三段分别举例说明什么是成功。故A项正确。5. 单选题（ ）as planned depends on the weather.问题1选项A.Well go on the excursionB.That well go on the excursionC.How well go on the excursionD.Whether well go on the excursion【答案】D【解析】考查主语从句。原句表示，我们是否能按计划出去郊游取决于天气。因此本题正确答案为D选项。6. 单选题The

25、Internet, E-commerce and globalization are making a new economic era possible. In the future, capitalist markets will largely be replaced by a new kind of economic system based on networked relationships, contractual arrangements and access rights.Has the quality of our lives at work, at home and in

26、 our communities increased in direct proportion to all the new Internet and business-to-business Internet services being introduced into our lives? I have asked this question of hundreds of CEOS and corporate executives in Europe and the United States. Surprisingly, virtually everyone has said, No,

27、quite contrary. The very people responsible for ushering in what some have called a technological renaissance say they are working longer hours, feel more stressed, are more impatient, and are even less civil in their dealings with colleagues and friendsnot to mention strangers. And whats more revea

28、ling, they place much of the blame on the very same technologies they are so aggressively championing.The techno gurus（领袖）promised us that access would make life more convenient and give us more time. Instead, the very technological wonders that were supposed to liberate us have begun to enslave us

29、in a web of connections from which there seems to be no easy escape.If an earlier generation was preoccupied with the quest to enclose a vast geographic frontier, the .com generation, it seems, is more caught up in the colonization of time. Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some fo

30、rm of commercial connection, making time itself the most scarce of all resources. Our e-mail, voice mail and cell phones, our 24-hour Interact news and entertainment all seize for our attention.And while we have created every kind of labor-and time-saving device to service our needs, we are beginnin

31、g to feel like we have less time available to us than any other humans in history. That is because the great proliferation of labor-and-time-saving services only increases the diversity, pace and flow of commodified activity around us. For example, e-mail is a great convenience. However, we now find

32、 ourselves spending much of our day frantically responding to each others electronic messages. The cell phone is a great time-saver, except now we are always potentially in reach of someone else who wants our attention.Social conservatives talk about the decline in civility and blame it on the loss

33、of a moral compass and religious values. Has anyone bothered to ask whether the hyper speed culture is making all of us less patient and less willing to listen and defer, consider and reflect?Maybe we need to ask what kinds of connections really count and what types of access really matter in the e-

34、economy era. If this new technology revolution is only about hyper efficiency, then we risk losing something even precious than timeour sense of what it means to be a caring human being.1. In corporate executives opinion, technology（ ）.2. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to th

35、e passage?3. The passage states that（ ）is the most valuable resource for the .com generation.4. It is implied in the Paragraph 6 that（ ）.5. Which of the following might be an appropriate title for the passage?问题1选项A.should be aggressively championedB.has a profound impact on their livesC.renaissance

36、 should be pushed forwardD.actually results in a decline in their life quality问题2选项A.Technology was supposed to free people.B.New technologies occupy much of our time.C.The .com generation became slaves of technology.D.It is difficult to avoid the influence of technology wonders.问题3选项A.technological

37、 wondersB.access to informationC.time saving devicesD.time问题4选项A.social conservatives blamed the loss of morality on technologyB.the .com generation was less civil than the earlier generationsC.the hyper speed culture led to the decline in civilityD.technology might make people less impatient问题5选项A.

38、The New Internet LifeB.The Drawbacks of too Much AccessC.The Failure of Technological RenaissanceD.The Declining Quality of Life【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问：以公司高管们来看，技术.。根据原文第二段第三句“Surprisingly, virtually everyone has said, No, quite contrary.”可知，大家的回答是“没有，正好相反”，也就是我们在工作、家庭和社区中的生活质量

39、与所有新互联网以及企业对企业互联网服务的引入不成正比。换言之，技术实际上导致了生活质量的下降，由此可判断D选项正确。A选项表示“应该积极拥护”，B选项表示“对他们的生活有深远的影响”，C选项表示“应该推进复兴”，均与原文表述不符，可排除。2.细节事实题。题干询问：下列哪一项表述不正确？根据原文第三段可知，技术专家（领袖）承诺我们，访问将使人们生活更方便，给我们更多的时间。相反，正是那些本应解放我们的技术奇迹，却开始把我们束缚在一张似乎无法轻易逃脱的关系网中。由此可见，技术专家的诺言没有实现，相反科技的进步占据了人们更多的时间，人们也难以摆脱这些技术奇迹，所以判断B、D选项正确，可排除。而A选项

40、“技术本应让人们获得自由”与原文表述“liberate us”相符，故可排除。虽然原文提到网络生活开始奴役我们，但并非是指网络一代变成了技术的奴隶，因此，C选项表述错误。故本题正确答案为C选项。3.细节事实题。根据题干关键信息“the most valuable resource for the .com generation”可定位到原文第四段第二句“Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some form of commercial connection, making time itself the most scarce

41、 of all resources”，由此可知，我们的闲暇时光都被某种形式的商业联系所填满，反倒使得时间成为所有资源中最稀缺的一种。因此本题正确答案为D选项。4.推理判断题。题干询问：第六段暗示。根据原文第六段第二句“Has anyone bothered to ask whether the hyper speed culture is making all of us less patient and less willing to listen and defer, consider and reflect?”可知，D选项“科技可能会让人们更有耐心”表述正确。由第六段第一句“Social

42、 conservatives talk about the decline in civility and blame it on the loss of a moral compass and religious values”可知，社会保守派谈论文明的衰落，并将其归咎于道德指南针和宗教价值观的丧失，由此判断A选项表述错误。B选项“.com一代不如前几代文明”以及C选项“高速文化导致了文明的沦丧”均与第六段内容不符，故本题正确答案为D选项。5.主旨大意题。原文主要讲述了新的技术原本是以为人类节约时间和能量为目的，但实际上却给人们带来了很多负面影响，让人们变得更加忙碌，更没有耐心，由此可以判断

43、最适合作为文章标题的应当是B选项。A选项“新的网络生活”表述过于笼统，可排除。C选项“科技复兴的失败”与原文内容不符，故排除。D选项“生活质量的下降”只是其中某些公司高管的观点，过于片面，不能代表原文主旨，故排除。因此，本题正确答案为B选项。7. 填空题America has the best system of higher education in the world. The Institute of Higher Education at Shanghai Jiao Tong University ranks the worlds universities on a series of

44、 objective（1）such as the number of Nobel prizes and articles on prestigious journals. 17 of the top 20 universities in that list are American. American universities（2）employ 70% of the worlds Nobel prize-winners. They produce about 30% of the worlds（3）of articles on science and engineering, accordin

45、g to a survey（4）in 2001，and 44% of the most frequently cited articles.Why is America so successful? Wealth clearly has something to do with it. America spends more than twice as much（5）student as the OECD（经合组织）average，and alumni and philanthropists（慈善家）routinely shower universities（6）gold. History a

46、lso plays a part. Americans have always had a（7）for higher education. The Puritans established Harvard College in 1636, just two（8）after they first arrived in New England.The main reason for Americas success, however, lies in organization. The first principle is that the federal government plays a（9

47、）part. America does not have a central plan for its universities. It does not treat its（10）as civil servants, as（11）France and Germany. Instead, universities have a wide（12）of patrons. The academic landscape has been（13）by rich benefactors such as Ezra Cornell, Cornelius Vanderbilt, Johns Hopkins an

48、d John D. Rockefeller.The second principle is competition. Universities compete for（14）, from students to professors to basketball, stars. Professors compete for federal research（15）. Students compete for college scholarships or research fellowships. This means that successful institutions cannot（16

49、）on their laurels（成就）.The third principle is that it is all right to be useful. America has always（17）universities as more than ivory towers. This（18）on “paying dividends” remains a（19）feature of academic culture. American has（20）the art of forging links between academia and industry. American unive

50、rsities earn more than $1 billion a year in royalties and license fees, and dozens operate their own venture funds.测试【答案】1.criteria2.currently3.output4.conducted5.per6.with7.passion8.decades9.limited10.academics11.do12.range13.shaped14.everything15.grants16.rest17.regarded18.emphasis19.prominent20.p

51、ioneered【解析】1.由such as the number of Nobel prizes and articles on prestigious journals. 如诺贝尔奖的数量和发表在著名期刊上的文章。可知这些都属于条件。2.本句结构完整，句意：美国大学（ ）雇佣世界上70%的诺贝尔奖得主。3.句意：科学家产出了世界上30%的关于科学和工程方面的学术文章，以及44%的经常被引用的文章。4.conduct a survey 做调查；句意：根据2001年的一项调查5.句意：美国花在每个学生身上的钱是经合组织平均水平的两倍多。6.shower with抛撒，大量给予；句意：校友和慈善

52、家每年都会大量赠予资金。7.have a passion for 对的强烈爱好；由下一句“清教徒在第一次到达新英格兰后于1636年建立哈佛大学”可知“美国人对高等教育有强烈爱好”。8.此空需要填一个表示时间的名词。two decades 20年。9.此空需填一个形容词，空前有不定冠词a修饰，故空格处所填形容词不以元音字母开头。再联系下文可知，对于美国的大学，不像法国和德国那样，美国政府并没有实行中央计划。所以美国高等教育成功的第一个原因就是联邦政府发挥了有限的作用。形容词中只有limited符合题意。10.treatas civil servants将_看作公务员。由上一句可知“对于美国的大学

53、，美国政府没有实行中央计划。”所以接着进一步说明，美国政府没有把美国大学看作是政府的公务员。11.as do France and Germany像法国和德国那样。句意：对于美国的大学，不像法国和德国那样，美国政府并没有一个实行中央计划。12.have a wide range of有广泛的。由下文可知有一些富有的捐赠者，故此空填range.13.此空需填一个动词的过去分词，表被动。学术氛围被形成，故用shaped。14.由空后的from可知美国的大学对于一切都竞争。15.此空需填一个名词，由federal research可推知是政府的研究补助金。句意：教授为获得政府的研究补助金而竞争。16

54、.rest on停留在。由上文可知美国的大学为一切而竞争，教授为获得补助金而竞争，学生为了奖学金而竞争，整个大学都是在不断地向前的一种状态。故这空总结道：这意味着成功的大学不能停留在这些成就上。17.regardas把认作；句意：美国总是将大学看作不仅仅是象牙塔。18.空后有介词on,空格处要填名词，只有emphasis合适。句意：这种强调取得好结果成为了。19.此空需填形容词，美国大学对取得好结果的关注成为了其学术文化的显著特色。20.此空需填动词。句意：美国开创了在学术界和工业界建立联系的艺术。美国首先开创了这门艺术，故用pioneered。8. 单选题For years Kaufer,

55、an associate professor at U.C. Berkeley, has been working on how stress affects the brain and body, and the complexity of the（ ）instinct to fight or flee.问题1选项A.ethicalB.militaryC.politicalD.human【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项ethical表示“伦理的，道德的”；B选项military表示“军事的，军人的”；C选项political表示“政治的，党派的”；D选项human表示“人的，人类

56、的”。分析句意可知，这位副教授一直都致力于研究压力如何影响大脑和身体，以及人类战斗和逃跑本能的复杂性。因此human的词义最符合原文句意，故本题正确答案为D选项。9. 单选题Brussels warned that action is needed to avoid the risks of（ ）effects on the French economy, in view of the countrys current economic difficulties and its excessive deficit.问题1选项A.vulgarB.spiralC.divineD.adverse【答

57、案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项vulgar表示“粗俗的，通俗的”；B选项spiral表示“盘旋的，螺旋的”；C选项divine表示“神圣的，非凡的”；D选项adverse表示“不利的，相反的，敌对的”。由后文中的“the countrys current economic difficulties and its excessive deficit”可知，目前法国的经济状况已经不佳，所以法案的提出需要避免对法国经济产生不利影响。因此，本题正确答案为D选项。10. 单选题An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in

58、 the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have explored this（1）-indeed, contradiction-which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the（2）to put compute

59、rs in the classroom.An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a/an（3）education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is（4）required by law. It is not simply to（5）everyones job prospects that all children are legally（6）to attend school into their teen

60、s. Rather, we have a certain（7）of the- American citizen, a character who is（8）if he cannot competently assess（9）his livelihood and happiness are affected by things（10）of himself.But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain（11）, it

61、 was widely accepted that some were just not equipped（12）nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is（13）to be educated. Computer-education advocates（14）this optimistic notion for a pessimism that（15）their o

62、therwise cheery outlook.（16）on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computer-education advocates often（17）the job prospects of graduates over their educational（18）.There are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of

63、 student. Many European schools（19）the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are（20）equipped for the professions they want to join.问题1选项A.distinctionB.topicC.separationD.education问题2选项A.campaignB.practiceC.actionD.goal问题3选项A.informalB.basicC.technicalD.expensive问题4选项A.differentlyB.universallyC.converselyD.regularly问题5选项A.formB.consistC.ariseD.raise问题6选项A.orderedB.inquiredC.requiredD.acquired问题7选项A.conceptionB.informatio