小学英语基础语法总结附练习

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1、-小学英语根底语法总结附练习Contents第一章 名词1. 名词的数2. 名词的格第二章 代词1. 人称代词2. 物主代词第三章 冠词 与 数词1. 冠词2. 数词第四章 句型1 述句2 疑问句3 祈使句4、There be 句型与have has第五章 时态第六章 总结考试*红字及红字所示围的语法知识需重点掌握第一章 名词 Noun名词的概念在生活中，我们会接触到各种各样的人和事物，用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就是名词。 一、名词的数名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式。可数名词表示“一个时用单数，“两个以上时用复数；不可数名词表示量时，通常用“数词+单位+of+物质名词的形式，如 a piec

2、e of bread (一片面包)， 变为复数时，只须将单位名词变为复数， 如：two pieces of bread(两片面包)。*名词复数的构成法则1. 一般情况下在词尾加s. 词尾读音shop - shops (商店) 在清辅音后读 s bag - bags (书包) 在浊辅音后读 z window - windows (窗户) 在元音后读 z 2. 以 s, *, sh, ch 结尾的单词在词尾加es。class - classes (班级) 词尾读音 iz bo* - bo*es (盒子) match - matches (比赛)brush - brushes (刷子)3. 以“辅音

3、字母 +y 结尾的词， 变y为 i 加es. story - stories (故事) 词尾读音 iz 4. 以“元音字母 +y 结尾的词，在词尾直接加 s key - keys 词尾读音 z monkey - monkeys5.以 “o 结尾的名词， 复数一般在词尾加“s, 但个别加 “es tomato - tomatoes (西红柿) 词尾读音 z potato - potatoes (土豆) zoo - zoos (动物园) photo - photos (照片)*以 “o结尾，复数加 “es口诀： 黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)，左手拿着西红柿(tomato)，右手拿着破土豆(p

4、otato)，头顶一个大芒果mango。6. 以 f或 fe 结尾的词，多数变f或 fe 为 ves. leaf - leaves (树叶) 词尾读音 vz knife - knives ( 小刀) *以f或fe结尾的单词，需把f或fe变ves的单词口诀：妻子wife持刀knife去宰狼wolf，小偷thief吓得发了慌，躲在架下shelf保己命，半(half)片树叶leaf遮目光。*以f或fe结尾的单词，直接加 “s的单词口诀：长颈鹿(giraffe)站在屋檐(roof)下，左手拿着手绢(handkerchief)，右手拿着高尔夫球(golf)。例： roof - roofs ( 屋顶)7.

5、 不规则名词复数的变化man - men (男人) tooth -teeth (牙齿)child - children (儿童) mouse - mice(老鼠)foot - feet (脚) woman - women (女人)8. 名词单复数形式一样 sheep - sheep (绵羊) deer - deer 鹿 English - English英国人 Chinese - Chinese 中国人*不规则名词变复数口诀：男人，女人a变e；鹅，足，牙齿oo变ee；其实老鼠也好记ous变ic；孩子加上ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用记。二、名词所有格的构成法表示“谁谁谁的 1. 主要是在词尾加 s 构成

6、。如: This is Toms desk . 这是汤姆的书桌。 That is Mikes book. 那是迈克的书。 2. 如果原名词已经有复数词尾s ,则仅加一个 . 如:the teachers reading room 教师阅览室the pupils pencil-bo*es 学生们的文具盒3. 如果原词是复数形式，但不是以s 结尾， 变为所有格形式需在后面加上 s 。如： the childrens palace 少年宫 mens room 男厕所*名词所有格口诀：名词所有格，s前面加一撇，复数s放在尾，后加一撇就完结，两人共有算一个，后面只加一个撇。名词练习题一、 写出以下名词的

7、复数形式1 puter _ 2.apple_ 3.city _4.house_5.sheep _6.watch _7.tomato_8.child _9.tooth _10.foot_11.wife _12.potato_13.play_14.day_ 15.glass _16.radio_17.zoo_18.life _24.deer_二、汉译英1Tom的足球 _2. 教师们的自行车_3学生们的课桌 _ 4.哥哥的文具盒_5姑姑的卡片 _ 6.猴子们的香蕉_7蚂蚁们的早餐 _ 8.妈妈的包_9姐姐的连衣裙_10.女孩们的苹果_三、把以下句子翻译成英文1这些是Peter的篮球吗. _2这个是教

8、师的钢笔吗. _3有一些书在Sam的课桌上。_4有一些孩子们在教室里。_四、改错 圈出错处，在横线上改正过来1.There are some butterflyson the table. _2.This is Alice dress. _3.I like tomato very much. _五、将以下句子变成复数形式。1This dog is brown._2. There is a book and a pen on the table._3.That woman is a teacher._能力测试卷 名词一、 将以下名词变成复数形式。1.plane tree lessonmonth

9、apple shirt2. bo* bus brush watch class fo*3.knife life leafWife thief4.day boy monkeybaby country story5.photo radio piano tomato hero6.child tooth man Sheep English Chinese二、判断正误，并改正错句，正确的打“1The house is my brother. _2. He has visited many country. _3. They are Englishs. _4. This is Tom red bike.

10、_三、选择填空1There are two _ in the room. A. Chineses B. Englishman2.The old man will have _ out. A. two tooths B. two teeth3. _ are sold in this bookstore. A. Childrens books B. Children books4. Some friends of _ will come here. A. Johns B. John 5. Can you give me _A. some papers B. a piece of paper6.Th

11、ere are _ on the floor.A. some bo* B. some bo*es四、将以下句子变成复数形式。1This sheep is white._2. There is a desk and a chair in the room._3.That man is a doctor._第二章 代词*表达以上代词用法的巧妙例文：I am a student.He is a doctor.She is a nurse.They are my friends.You are very nice.We are playing in the park now.It is a long

12、snake.I am going to the supermarket now.You are a polite boy.She is my elder sister.He always good at sports This is her cost.My coat is over there.Some friends of mine is coming to my house.The key is yours.Your car is beautiful.Her dress is long.The long dress is hers.Their books are new.The bikes

13、 are theirs.His friends are kind.This book is his.The toys are ours.Our house is big.The big house is ours.代词练习题一、 根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Mary is a friend of _. ( I )2. This is _ ( she ) ruler. _ ( I ) is in the bag. 3. Her brother is too young to look after _ ( he )4. This is _ ( I ) book. This book i

14、s _ ( I ).5. These pens are _ ( we ).二、改写以下句子Eg, This is my book. - The book is mine.1. That is her ruler. _2. These are their footballs. _3. This is my backpack . _4. Those are your bo*es. _四、把以下句子改写成复数。1. This is a butterfly. _2. That is a bus. _3. It is a mouse. _五、改错。1.This is mine lamp. _2.Thes

15、e are ours books._3. That are their teacher. _4.The house is my brother. _5. He has visited many country. _6. They are Chineses. _7. This is Tom red bike. _能力测试卷 代词一、 帮下面的好朋友团圆 连线 I 她its 我们her 他她，它们we 我they 你的their 他她，它们your 她的she 它的二、填空1Shes a teacher . This is _ bag.2. Hes a driver. This is _ ta*i

16、.3. I am a boy . _ name is Peter.4. -Whats _ name - My name is Tony.5. Its my puppy. _ name is Mimi.三、选择( ) 1.Your book is not so old as _. A. him B. he C. his D. she( ) 2. _ book is it Its _. A. Whoseher B. Whose hers C. Whohers D. Whom her( ) 3. He is a friend of _.A. our B. us C. my D. mine四、改错1.

17、 I, you and he are all teachers. _2. This is mine teddy bear. _3. These are ours bags._4. These is their teachers._第三章 数词和冠词*直接见根底词汇分类总结，找规律背记即可一、数词表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词又分基数词和序数词，基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。1.基数词的写法 ：2199的两位数，十位与个位之间用连字符“-。例：21 twenty - one 32 thirty - two 99 ninety nine百位数：个位数基数词形式加“hundred，表示几百，在几十

18、几与百位间加上and。例：101 a hundred and one. 320 three hundred and twenty 648si* hundred and forty-eight2序数词的构成1一般来说，是由相应的基数词加词尾th构成。例， four+ th- fourth si* + th - si*th seven + th - seventh ten + th - tenth2下面这些基数词在变为序数词时，有特殊的变化。例， one - first two - second three - third five- fifth eight - eighth nine - nin

19、th twelve - twelfth3十位整数序数词的构成方法是将基数词的词y 变成i，然后在加eth.例， twenty - twentieth thirty - thirtieth forty - fortieth ninety - ninetieth1） 两位或两位以上的基数词变为序数词时，仅将个位数变成序数词。例，twenty one - twenty- first thirty-five -thirty-fiftha hundred and fifty-three - a hundred and fifty- third *基数词变序数词的口诀：基变序，有规律；词尾加上thfour

20、th, si*th一、二、三，单独记；结尾字母t, d, d；first，second，third八去t,九去e,eighth，ninth；ve要用f替；fifth，twelfth整十基数变序数，ty将y变成i ; th 前面有个e；要是遇到几十几，前用基来后用序。二、冠词冠词分不定冠词和定冠词两种。 a或an是不定冠词，the是定冠词。a用在辅音音素之前，如 a desk, a tree ; an 用在元音(a e i o u)因素之前，如 an apple, an hour, an English book.1. 不定冠词a,an指人或事物的*一种类，表示“一个，但不强调数量。She is

21、 a teacher. Thats an orange. 2. 定冠词 the，是特指*些人、*些物，或指说话人与听话人彼此知道的人或物，或者是在上文提到过的人和事。This is a bus. The bus is big.3. 不用冠词的情况：1） 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词前一般不用冠词。如， Chinese, English, Jim等。2） 名词前已经有this, that, my, your等词时，就不再用冠词了。如，that mouse (那只老鼠) 3) 一些固定词组前不用定冠词。如， at home 在家 go to school 去上学*定冠词the的用法记忆口诀：特指、

22、重提和唯一，岛屿、海峡和海湾；海洋、党派、最高级，沙漠、河流与群山；方位、顺序和乐器，年代、团体与机关；船名、建筑和组织，会议、条约与报刊；姓氏复数、国全名，记住定冠the加在前。*零冠词用法口诀：月份、星期、节假洲，呼语、头衔职务前；三餐、球类、惯用语，学科、棋类名词前。冠词和数词专项练习一、在空白处填上适当的冠词，不需要的填“/。1) at _home 2) go to_ bed 3) go to _school 4) catch _ bad cold 5) have _ good time 6) _red apple 7)_ English book 8) _ spoon 9)_ ora

23、nge 10) _melon 11) _ eraser二、选择填空1.There is _ “m in the word “primaryA. an B.aC.the D./2.This is _ orange bike .A.a B.an C.the D/3.It always takes us half _ hour to have _ long walk after supper .A.a,a B,a ,the C.an , a D.an , the 4.English is _ useful language in _ world .A.an , the B.a , the C.the

24、 , / D./ , the 5.We are going to _ cinema this evening .A.the B./C/a D.an 6.Hes standing on _ other side of _ river .A.a , a B.the , the C.the , a D.a , the 7._ potato is a vegetable , not _ fruit .A.The , an B.The , a C.A, the D.An, / 8.He was _ first to come .A.The B.a C.the D./9.Do you see _ book

25、 on _ table A.the , aB.a, an C.an , an D.a , the 10.Wheres _ desk Its in _ middle of the room .A./ , / B./ , a C.a , / D.the , the 11.He is _ friend of mine .12.There is _ university near the farm .A.a B.an C.the D./13.He died in _ autumn of 1989 .A./ B.the C.a D.an 14.I have _ book . I t s _ intere

26、sting one . I like reading _ books very much .A.a, an ,/ B.a , / , the C.an , an , the D./ , an , / 15.Today is _ Childrens Day .A.a B.an C.the D/ 16.This is _ bag . That is _ eraser .A.a, a B.a , an C.an , a D. an , an 四、用代词填空:1._ , _ and _ are all good friends .A.We , you , they B.You , they , we

27、C.We , they , you D.They , you , we 2._ classroom is big , but _ is much bigger than _ .A.We , they , us B.Our , their , our C.Our , theirs , oursD.Our , theirs , we 3.She lost _ pen . Will you lend her _ A.her , yours B.his , yourC.hers , you D.their , yourself 4. “What are you doing “I am looking

28、at _ in the mirror A.me B.myself C.itself D.himself 5._ , _ and _ all enjoy music .A.She , you , I B.I , she , you C.You , she , I D.I , you , she 能力测试卷冠词和数词一、 写出相邻的数词1. twenty 2. five 3. twelve 4. fifty-eight 5. ninety 6. seventy7. thirty-eight 8. one hundred9. one thousand 10. one 二、选择正确答案1.There

29、are days in a year.A. three hundreds si*ty-five B. three hundreds and si*ty-fiveC. three hundred and si*ty-five D. three hundred and si*ty five2.There are students in this school.A. eight hundreds and forty-si* B. eight hundred and forty si*C. eight hundred and forty-si* D. eight hundred forty-si*3.

30、My brother is in .A. Three Class, One Grade B. Class Three, Grade OneC. Grade One, Class Three D. class three, grade one4.He was doing some washing .A. at eight yesterday morning B. yesterday morning eightC. yesterday morning at eight D. by eight yesterday morning5.There are months in a year. Decemb

31、er is the month of the year.A. twelve; twelve B. twelve; twelfth C. twelfth; twelve D. twelve; twelveth6.Sunday is the day of the week.A. seventh B. first C. second D. third7.Autumn is season in a year.A. the fourth B. the third C. a third D. third8.Tom was to get to school and I was .A. first; nint

32、h B. the first; the ninth C. a first; a ninth D. the second; the ninth9.Whats the date today Its .A. Friday B. time to go C. cloudy D. June 4th10.Monday is the second day, and .A. Tuesday is the fourth B. Thursday is the fifthC. the second is Tuesday D. the second is Thursday第四章 句型(明白句子意思，多读例句仿写着会用即

33、可)一、述句定义：但凡说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或是表达一种心情的句子都是述句。大多数的句子都是述句，述句可以用肯定式和否认式。肯定句变否认句肯定句变否认句就是加not no 或表示否认的词英语的句子重要取决于动词而动词又有时态的变化因此在不同的时态的句子中的位置不同时态具体句型句子构成一般现在时动词做谓语主语+be (am/is / are )+ not+其他+.实意动词做谓语主语+dont/doesnt +其他+.情态动词+实意动词主语+情态动词+ not+动词原形+其他+.现在进展时动词做谓语主语+be动词(am /is /are)+现在分词+其他+.述句练习把以下述句变成否认句。1.

34、My father watches TV every day .My father _ _ TV every day .2.Kate often does her homework at si* .Kate _ often _ her homework at si*.3.I go to school at seven .I _ _ to school at seven .4.She usually goes home by bus .She _ usually _ home by bus .5.They are good students .They _ _ good students .6.

35、He is clever .He _ _ clever .7.He has some bread for breakfast every morning .He _ _ _ bread for breakfast every morning . 8.I often drink some tea in the afternoon .I _ often _ _ tea in the afternoon .9.He has some eggs .He _ _ _ eggs .10.Kim likes his new bike .Kim _ _ his new bike .二、疑问句疑问句是用来提出问

36、题的，疑问句又包括：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反义疑问句和选择疑问句。一、一般疑问句：一般疑问句又可以叫做yes/no句型，需要用yes或no来答复。1.beam/is/are + 主语 + 其它局部2.情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它局部肯定答复用“Yes,主语+be情态动词.,否认答复用“No,主语+be情态动词+not.be或情态动词和not可用缩写形式,主要有isnt,arent,wasnt,werent,cant,mustnt,neednt等.Eg1.问句：Is this your English book肯答：Yes,it is.否答：No,it isnt.Eg2.问句：A

37、re these your English books肯答：Yes,they are.否答：No,they arent.Eg3.问句：Can you speak English肯答：Yes,I can.否答：No,I cant.另一家族为含行为动词或称为实义动词的一般疑问句,其构造为：助动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它肯定答复用“Yes,主语+ dodoes.,否认答复用“No,主语+dondoes not.助动词也常用缩写形式,主要有dont,doesnt,didnt等.Eg4.问句：Do your parents like English肯答：Yes,they do.否答：No,th

38、ey dont.三、一般疑问句的答复正如前面所述,答复一般疑问句时有肯定答复和否认答复两种方式,肯定答复以Yes起句,否认答复用No开头.但对一般疑问句的答复也不是一成不变的.肯定答复还可以用OK./Certainly.等；否认答复可用Sorry./Sorry,I cant.等.Eg5.问句：Can you speak English肯答：Certainly Of course.否答：Sorry,I cant.Eg6.I am an English teacher. Are you an English teacherEg7.We can speak English fluently. Can

39、 you speak English fluentlyEg8.We read English every morning. Do you read English every morningEg9.Toms father listens to English on the radio every evening.Does Toms father listen to English on the radio every evening六、“some还是“any在一般疑问句中,要表达“一些时 ,一般用any,但如果这个问句是用来表达 “建议、请求、邀请等交际功能时 ,应该用some.Eg10.Is

40、 there any tea in the cupEg11.Do you have any childrenEg12.May I have some fishEg13.Would you like some teaEg14.Shall we buy some vegetablesEg15.Can I borrow some money from youEg16.Why not have some breadEg17.How about some orange juice二、特殊疑问句：以疑问代词what, who(whom), whose, which 或疑问副词when, where, ho

41、w, why 放在句首提问的句子叫做特殊疑问句，答语只要针对问句中的疑问代词或疑问副词来答复，不用yes 或no。1.疑问词 + 一般疑问句 疑问词作宾语、表语、状语或定语。What do you want 你要什么.When do you have English class 你们什么时候有英语课.Whose coat is this 这是谁的大衣.How did he know it 他是怎么知道它的.Why did you say this 你为什么要这么说.Which is your umbrella 哪个是你的雨伞.Where were these buses made 这些巴士是哪

42、儿制造的.2.疑问代词作主语或作主语的定语时，词序与述句一样：疑问代词 +名词+谓语。Who teaches your brother Japanese 谁教你弟弟日语.What is in the bo* on the table 桌上那个盒子里装的是什么.Whose handwriting is the best in your class 你们班里谁的书法最好.*疑问代词：who: 主语、宾语、表语、用来提问表示“人的各种成分。whose: 用来提问“谁的。 which: 用来提问“哪一个/位。what: 提问表示容“什么等意思*疑问副词：when: 提问在何时。where: 提问在何地

43、why: 提问表示原因的短语或句子“为什么用“because答复how: 提问表示程度或方式的副词或短语“怎么样、怎样*由疑问词how 构成的短语引导的问句how old (表示年龄)多大了, how long表示时间或物体的长短有多长 , how many + 复数名词 表示多少 , how much + 不可数名词比方：钱 表示多少 , how far 表示距离多远疑问句专项练习按要求改写句子，每空格限填一词。1. Its a large room.(改为复数形式)_ _ large rooms.2. He has to buy a dictionary for his daughter.

44、(改为否认句)He _ _ to buy a dictionary for his daughter.3. Uncle Wang likes making things. (改为否认句)Uncle Wang _ _ making things.4. Ann returned the book to the library yesterday.(改写为一般疑问句)_ Ann _ the book to the library yesterday.5. The hospital is about 300 meters away. (就划线局部提问) _ _ is the hospital 6.Th

45、ere are fifty-two students in our class. (就划线局部提问)_ _ students are there in your class7.I write to my mother once a week. (就划线局部提问)_ _ do you write to your mother 8.He has three pens. (就划线局部提问)_ _ pens does he have 9.She is ten years old. (就划线局部提问)_ _ is she10. They have a class meeting every other

46、week. (改为否认句) They _ _ a class meeting every other week.11.She has dinner with her grandparents once a week.改为一般疑问句 _ she _ dinner with her grandparents once a week12.This kind of cold comes and goes very quickly.改为一般疑问句 _ this kind of cold _ and _ very quickly13.He spent a whole morning cleaning th

47、e room.就划线局部提问 _ _ _ he _ cleaning the room.14. My brother has lunch at the school every day.改为一般疑问句 _ your brother _ lunch at the school every day 15.Put the book on the desk.否认句_ _ the book on the desk.16.His bike was bought yesterday. 就划线局部提问_ _ was bought yesterday17.She does morning e*ercises e

48、very day. (否认句)She _ _ morning e*ercises every day.18.My mother is very well.( 就划线局部提问) _ is your mother19.She has to stay at home.(改为一般疑问句)_ she _ to stay at home.20.Tom has lunch at school every day. (改为一般疑问句)_ Tom _ lunch at school every day.三、祈使句 一、祈使句：用来表示下达命令、提出要求、建议和劝告的句子。说话的对象通常是第二人称you ,习惯上

49、常省略。祈使句的肯定句谓语动词用原形，否认句一般用dont, never开场。let后动词用原型1肯定祈使句句型 1 ：动词 let + 第一、三人称宾格代词 + V. 例句：Lets go to school. 让我们去上学吧。 Let me try. 让我试一试。 Let him come upstairs. 让他上楼吧。 句型 2：动词 + 其他局部 例句：Please open the door . 请开门。 Turn to page two. 请将书翻到第二页。 Listen to me. 请听我讲。 Stop talking. 别说话。二、否认祈使句 一般在句首加 Dont.1Climb the tree ,please. 请爬树。 肯定句 Dont climb the tree! 不要爬树。 否认句2Open the door. 翻开门。 肯定句 Dont open the door. 不要开门。 否认句三、述句变祈使句1You cant make faces in class. 你不能在课堂上做鬼脸。 Dont