2022年高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解（3）

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1、2022年高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解（3）科普知识（阅读理解）由 (xx全国,B)改编You may think that sailing is a difficult sport,but it is really not hard to learn it.You do not need to be strong.But you need to be quick.And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind.First,you must ask yourself,“Where is the wind ing fr

2、om? Is it ing from ahead or behind or from the side?”You must think about this all the time on the boat.The wind direction tells you what to do with the sail.Lets start with the wind blowing from behind.This means the wind and the boat are going in the same direction.Then you must always keep the sa

3、il outside the boat.It should be at a 90 angle (角度) to the boat.Then it will catch the wind best.If the wind is blowing from the side,it is blowing across the boat.In this case,you must keep the sail half way outside the boat.It should be at a 45 angle to the boat.It needs to be out far enough to ca

4、tch the wind,but it shouldnt flap (摆动).It shouldnt look like a flag on a flagpole.If it is flapping,it is probably out too far,and the boat will slow down.Sailing into the wind is not possible.If you try,the sail will flap and the boat will stop.You may want to go in that direction.It is possible,bu

5、t you cant go in a straight line.You must go first in one direction and then in another.This is called tacking.When you are tacking,you must always keep the sail inside the boat.1.What should you consider first while sailing?()A.Sailors strength.B.Wave levels.C.Wind directions.D.Size of sails.2.What

6、 does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?()A.The boat.B.The wind.C.The sail.D.The angle.3.What do you have to do when sailing against the wind?()A.Move in a straight line.B.Allow the sail to flap.C.Lower the sail.D.Tack the boat.4.Where can you probably find the text?()A.In a popular m

7、agazine.B.In a tourist guidebook.C.In a physics textbook.D.In an official report.语篇解读:本文为科普说明文。介绍了帆船运动与风向的关系。答案及剖析:1.C事实细节题。根据第二段尤其是最后一句可知在做帆船运动时首先应该考虑“风向”。2.C猜测词义题。从第四段“In this case,you must keep the sail half way outside the boat.”可知答案。3.D事实细节题。根据最后一段中“.but you cant go in a straight line.”可知A项错误。根

8、据第四段可知C项错误。根据末段“If you try,the sail will flap.”可知B项错误。4.A推理判断题。本文主要介绍的是帆船运动与风向的关系,由此可推知本文应出自杂志,而不是出自旅游指南、物理教科书,更不可能出自官方报告。【疑难词汇解读】 1.flap (away/off) v.拍打;拍击I flapped the flies away but soon they flew back.我把苍蝇赶走,但一会儿又飞回来了。2.tack v.抢风航行The sailing ship was tacking.帆船一路抢风航行。阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C

9、和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。【xx山东济宁模拟】An alcohol breath test (ABT) is often used by the police to find out whether a person is drunk while driving.In the United States，the legal blood alcohol limit is 0.08% for people aged 21 years or older，while people under 21 are not allowed to drive a car with any level of al

10、cohol in their body.A “positive” test result，a result over the legal limit，allows the police to arrest the driver.However，many people who tested positive on the test have claimed that they only drank a “nonalcoholic” energy drink.Can one of these energy drinks really cause someone to test positive o

11、n an ABT？Researchers in Missouri set up an experiment to find out.First，the amount of alcohol in 27 different popular energy drinks was measured.All but one had an alcohol level greater than 0.005%.In nine of the 27 drinks，the alcohol level was at least 0.096%.The scientists then investigated the po

12、ssibility that these small levels of alcohol could be discovered by an ABT.They asked test subjects to drink a full can or bottle of an energy drink and then gave each subject an ABT one minute and 15 minutes after the drink was finished.For 11 of the 27 energy drinks，the ABT did find the presence o

13、f alcohol if the test was given within one minute after the drink was taken.However，alcohol could not be discovered for any of the drinks if the test was given 15 minutes after the drink was consumed.This shows that when the test is taken plays an important role in the test result.The sooner the tes

14、t is conducted after the consumption of these drinks，the more likely a positive alcohol reading will be obtained.1What is the legal alcohol level for a 20yearold driver in the US?A0.000%.B0.005%.C0.080%.D0.096%.2What is the purpose of the Missouri experiment?ATo introduce a new method of calculating

15、 blood alcohol levels.BTo discover the relation between energy drinks and ABT test results.CTo warn people of the dangers of drinking energy drinks.DTo change the current legal alcohol limit for drivers in the United States.3The underlined word “subjects” in Paragraph 2 refers to_.Athe things that a

16、re being discussed Bareas of knowledge studied in schoolCthe participants in an experiment Dthe people who belong to a country4Which of the following affects the ABT test result most for energy drink consumers?AThe age of the person who takes the test.BThe place where the test is given.CThe equipmen

17、t that the test uses.DThe time when the test is taken.5Which of the following is true according to the passage?AA driver whose blood alcohol level is found to be 0.1% will be arrested.BNo energy drinks really cause anyone to test positive on an ABT.CFew popular energy drinks contain alcohol in them.

18、DThose taking an ABT 15 minutes after drinking alcohol cannot be found out.语篇解读本文是一篇科研报告。主要研究了能量饮料和测试血液中酒精浓度之间的关系。1解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句“In the United States，the legal blood alcohol limit is 0.08% for people aged 21 years or older，while people under 21 are not allowed to drive a car with any level of

19、alcohol in their body.”可知，答案A符合文意。答案：A2解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段倒数第二句：“Can one of these energy drinks really cause someone to test positive on an ABT？Researchers in Missouri set up an experiment to find out.”可知，答案B符合文意。答案：B3解析：词义猜测题。根据语境可知，文章中画线句子的意思是：他们要求参加测试的实验者喝下一满听或一瓶能量饮料，然后在一分钟和十五分钟后对其ABT进行测试。由此可推知，此处的s

20、ubject是指参与实验的人。答案：C4解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“the test was given within one minute.15 minutes.This shows that when the test is taken plays an important role in the test result.The sooner the test is conducted after the consumption of these drinks，the more likely a positive alcohol reading will be obtained

21、.”可知，在饮用功能性饮料多久之后进行测试会影响测试效果。答案：D5解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知，合法的血液酒精浓度最高值应该是0.08%，如果超过这个浓度，司机就会被警察逮捕。由此可推知，答案A符合文意。答案：A.阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。【xx山东省潍坊市高考模拟考试】Success is often measured by the ability to overe adversity.But，it is often the belief of others that gives us the courage to try.J

22、K.Rowling，author of the Harry Potter book series，began writing at the age of 6.In her biography，she remembers with great fondness when her good friend Sean，whom she met in secondary school，became the first person to encourage her and help build the confidence that one day she would be a very good wr

23、iter.“He was the first person with whom I really discussed my serious ambition to be a writer.He was also the only person who thought I was bound to be a success at it，which meant much more to me than I ever told him at the time.”Despite many setbacks，Rowling persevered in her writing，particularly f

24、antasy stories.But it wasnt until 1990 that she first conceived the idea about Harry Potter.As she recalls，it was on a long train journey from London to Manchester that the idea of Harry Potter simply fell into her head.“To my immense frustration (沮丧)，I didnt have a functioning pen with me，and I was

25、 too shy to ask anybody if I could borrow one.I think，now，that this was probably a good thing，because I simply sat and thought，for four (delayed train) hours，and all the details bubbled up in my brain，and this scrawny，blackhaired，bespectacled (戴眼镜的) boy who didnt know he was a wizard became more and

26、 more real to me.”That same year，her mother passed away after a tenyear battle with multiple sclerosis，which deeply affected her writing.She went on to marry and had a daughter，but separated from her husband shortly afterwards.During this time，Rowling was diagnosed with clinical depression.Unemploye

27、d，she pleted her first novel in area cafes，where she could get her daughter to fall asleep.After being rejected by 12 publishing houses，the first Harry Potter novel was sold to a small British publishing house.Now with seven books that have sold nearly 400 million copies in 64 languages，J.K.Rowling

28、is the highest earning novelist in history.And it all began with her mitment to writing that was fostered by the confidence of a friend!1Who believed JK.Rowling was to be a good writer?AHer friend Sean.BHer mother.CHer daughter.DHer husband.2Rowling first came up with the idea about Harry Potter_.Aa

29、t the age of 6Bon a train journeyCafter her mothers deathDin her secondary school3She felt frustrated on the train because_.Aher train was delayed for four hoursBshe didnt have a pen with herCher mind suddenly went blankDno one would offer her help4It can be concluded from Paragraph 5 and 6 that Row

30、ling is_.Aopenminded BwarmheartedCgoodnaturedDstrongwilled5The text mainly tells us_.Ahardship makes a good novelistBthe courage to try is a special abilityCyou can have a wonderful idea everywhereDencouragement contributes to ones success语篇解读文章主要介绍J.K.Rowling在好朋友Sean的鼓励下，成功创作了哈利波特系列小说。1解析：细节理解题。根据第

31、二、三段可知，Rowling的好朋友Sean鼓励并相信她能成为一名优秀的作家。答案：A2解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的第三句“As she recalls，it was on a long train journey from London to Manchester that the idea of Harry Potter simply fell into her head.”可知答案为B。答案：B3解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第四句中的“To my immense frustration (沮丧) I didnt have a functioning pen with me”可知B项正确。答案：B4解析：推理判断题。第五段讲的是J.K.Rowling经历了母亲去世和丈夫离婚的打击，第六段讲的是她患上了抑郁症，失业，照顾孩子以及被出版商拒绝12次，从这些叙述中可以看出她意志坚强。答案：D5解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据文章的首段和最后一段可知，本文主要讲的是鼓励可以促使他人取得成功，故D项正确。答案：D。