考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷28（附带答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷（附带答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题What is the proper balance between the culture heritage and the globalization that threatens to （ ）the world in one model?问题1选项A.classifyB.justifyC.purifyD.unify【答案】D【解析】classify分类，分等；justify证明合法，替辩护；purify净化，使纯净；unify统一，使一致

2、。句意：文化遗产和威胁世界统一成一种模式的全球化之间的适当平衡是什么？选项D符合句意。2.单选题The severance of church and state is a basic principle of that government.问题1选项A.coalitionB.separationC.successionD.interchangeability【答案】B【解析】severance意为分离，隔离。coalition联合，合并；separation分离，间隔；succession 连续，继位；interchangeability 可交换性。选项B与之意思相近。3.单选题He wa

3、s filled with apprehension about the future.问题1选项A.fearB.hesitationC.excitementD.eagerness【答案】A【解析】根据句意可知，apprehension意为恐惧。fear 害怕，恐惧；hesitation犹豫；excitement刺激，兴奋；eagerness渴望，热心。选项A与之意思相近。4.单选题In early 19th century America, care for the mentally ill was almost non-existent: the afflicted were usuall

4、y relegated to prisons, almshouses, or inadequate supervision by families. Treatment, if provided, paralleled other medical treatments of the time, including bloodletting and purgatives. However, in a wave of concern for the oppressed, some took action. Among these, Dorothea Dix was the leading crus

5、ader for the establishment of state-supported mental asylums. Through her efforts, the first state hospitals for the insane were built in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. She and other reformers sought humane, individualized care, with the rich and the poor housed together to insure high standards for a

6、ll. The movement was generated by social reform, but throughout the century, mental illness was probed and analyzed, and “cures” prescribed by both the scientific and lay communities. “Moral treatment” was the predominating philosophy to cure the insane.This system was developed in late 18th century

7、 Europe, and by Benjamin Rush in the United States. It challenged the demonic explanations for insanity and emphasized the role of environment in determining character: improper external conditions could induce derangement. The “moral treatment” system was optimistic that an appropriate environment

8、could facilitate cure, especially for those with acute (not chronic) afflictions. Essential to this theory was a physiological basis/for mental disorder: insanity was caused by brain damage. The brains surface was soft and malleable and physically altered by outward influence. This idea was closely

9、related to phrenology, which assigned specific faculties to sections of the brain.The notion that mental illness resulted from physical impairment was rarely challenged, but the nature and treatment of ailments were continually debated. To find physical evidence for mental deficiencies, autopsies pe

10、rformed on mental patients to discover lesions or other abnormalities. Although progress was made in the diagnosis of somatic diseases like tumors syphilitic derangement, these efforts were frustrating and subjective. Also controversial was the fate of the chronically versus acutely ill: the differe

11、nces between them, whether they should be housed together, and whether the chronically ill should be treated at all.1.What is the passage mainly about?2.According to paragraph 1, the movement to establish state-supported mental asylums was motivated by concern for （ ）.3.It can be inferred from the p

12、assage that the methods used in “moral treatment” were（ ）.4.According to the passage, phrenology was（ ）.5.Autopsies were performed on mental patients（ ）.问题1选项A.Care of the mentally illB.The influence of “moral treatment”C.The influence of Dorothea Dix and Benjamin RushD.Social and medical reform问题2选

13、项A.inadequate care by familiesB.social reformC.the effects of medical treatmentD.those who were not mentally ill问题3选项A.controversialB.acceptedC.provenD.dangerous问题4选项A.never very popularB.a theory about determining a persons characterC.a cause of mental illnessD.a theory about a persons brain问题5选项A.

14、to find evidence for moral treatment theoryB.for diagnosis of mental illnessC.as part of treatmentD.on acute rather than chronic patients【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。原文第一段首先指出早期的美国对精神病人的照顾是不存在的，接下来的段落则是探讨精神疾病的治疗方法。由此可知，本文主要讲述的是对精神疾病的关注，所以选项A正确。2.细节事实题。根据原文第一段倒数第二句“The movement was genera

15、ted by social reform.”这场运动是由社会改革引发的所以选项B正确。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“The notion that mental illness resulted from physical impairment was rarely challenged, but the nature and treatment of ailments were continually debated.”精神疾病是由身体损伤引起的这一概念很少受到挑战，但对疾病的性质和治疗一直存在争议。所以选项A正确。4.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“This idea was clo

16、sely related to phrenology, which assigned specific faculties to sections of the brain.”这一想法与颅相学密切相关，颅相学将大脑分为各个不同的机制。由此可知，颅相学是关于人类大脑的理论。选项D符合原文。5.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“To find physical evidence for mental deficiencies, autopsies performed on mental patients to discover lesions or other abnormalities.”为了寻找

17、精神缺陷身体上的证据，对精神病人进行尸检以发现病变或其他异常。由此可知，对精神病人验尸是为精神治疗理论寻找证据。选项A符合原文。5.单选题I must go now, and （ ）if you want that book Ill bring it next time.问题1选项A.SuccessivelyB.respectivelyC.incidentallyD.accidentally【答案】C【解析】successively 相继地，接连着地；respectively 分别地，各自地；incidentally 顺便，偶然地，附带地；accidentally 偶然地，意外地。句意：我现在

18、必须得走了，顺便说一句，如果你想要那本书，我下次会带来。选项C符合句意。6.单选题Let me stand in with you if its very expensive.问题1选项A.bargain for youB.borrow money for youC.share the cost with youD.stand on your side【答案】C【解析】stand in with意为与联合，同分担。bargain for you讨价还价；borrow money for you 借钱；share the cost with you一起承担；stand on your side

19、站在你这边。选项C与之意思相近。7.单选题Americans feel that using someones words in a research paper without referencing them is tantamount to stealing.问题1选项A.necessaryB.unbelievableC.acceptableD.equivalent【答案】D【解析】句意：美国人认为，在研究论文中使用某人的话而不提及他们，就相当于是抄袭。tantamount意为“等于，相当于”。equivalent相等的，同意义的。选项D与之意思相近。8.单选题At first, the

20、 results of the experiment seemed （ ）,but finally a pattern emerged.问题1选项A.haphazardB.graveC.genuineD.gullible【答案】B【解析】haphazard 偶然的，随意的；grave 严肃的，暗淡的；genuine 真正的，诚恳的；gullible 易受骗的，轻信的。句意：起初，实验的结果似乎没有起色，但最终出现了一个模式。选项B更符合语境。9.单选题We are not sure that he will be able to （ ）the shock of going bankrupt.问

21、题1选项A.get overB.put throughC.take upD.depend upon【答案】A【解析】get over 克服，恢复，熬过；put through 接通，完成，使经受；take up拿起，开始从事；depend upon依赖，取决于。句意：我们不确定他能否从破产的打击中恢复过来。选项A符合句意。10.单选题None of us knows the name of that （ ）insect.问题1选项A.funny little redB.red little funnyC.little funny redD.red funny little【答案】A【解析】多个形容词修饰名词的顺序为：限定词（数量）；外观；形状（大小，高矮，肥瘦），年龄，颜色，国籍，材料，用途。所以只有选项A正确。