考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考前自测提分卷15(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-天津师范大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Your kindness in giving （ ）to the consideration of the above problem will be highly appreciated.问题1选项A.priorityB.advantageC.importanceD.authority【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。priority意为“优先，优先权”；advantage意为“优势”；importance意为“重要性，重大”；authority意为“权

2、威”。句意：如果您会优先考虑上述问题，我们将深表感谢。2.单选题There are（ ）periods in animals life when it is capable of learning a great deal in a very short time.问题1选项A.urgentB.violentC.seriousD.critical【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。urgent意为“急迫的”；violent意为“暴力的，猛烈的”；serious意为“严重的，严肃的”；critical意为“批评的，爱挑剔的”。句意：动物的一生当中总会有一段暴力阶段，那段时间它可以在短期内学习很多的

3、东西。3.单选题Maths and science certainly underpin many innovations. Indeed, they are the basis for much of modern society, from the gadgets people use to the ways in which people interact with one another and the way in which they think. So close is the relationship that politicians seeking to persuade v

4、oters that they are promoting economic growth use science and innovation almost interchangeably. But laudable as it is in its own right, does promoting maths and science represent the best way to stimulate future innovation?Chris Budd, an applied mathematician at Bath University in Britain, points t

5、o the mathematical foundations of the commercial world: the internet, computers, mobile phones, modern medicine and even transport systems. These employ branches of mathematics that were considered obscure until recently but have found applications in areas such as building search engines, he argues

6、. It is difficult to predict which new scientific advance will generate new economic activity but science nevertheless boosts productivity. And as governments have sought to promote business, they have encouraged universities to establish spin-off companies and to build partnerships with other fledg

7、ling organizations seeking to develop new products and new processes, which has helped to generate wealth.That may all be true, but it is not sufficient, says Chris Trimble, who co-wrote The Other Side of Innovation: Solving the Execution Challenge with Vijay Govindarajan, both of whom conduct resea

8、rch into innovation at Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College in America. Of course maths and science can stimulate future innovation, but promoting these disciplines is not necessarily the best way of bringing about change. He cites targeted incentives, public and private spending andmost imp

9、ortantly, in his viewbetter management as more powerful alternatives. It is management education not technical education that is lacking, he argues. There is a surfeit of bright ideas but not enough wherewithal to implement them.Yet the ability to create wealth not only depends on using tools that w

10、ere scientifically designed; it also requires people to think both creatively and in cold, calculating ways. To misquote Thomas Edison, innovation is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration. Time then, mentally, to roll up your sleeves.1.From the first paragraph, we may know that many innovations （ ）.2.

11、The world “laudable” in Para. 1 probably meant（ ）.3.“It” in Para. 1 (the last sentence) may refer to（ ）.4.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about Chris Budd?5.To Chris Trimble, education of maths and science（ ）.问题1选项A.are engendered by maths and scienceB.bring convenient life to modern p

12、eopleC.count most for politicians to gain votesD.lead directly to world economic growth问题2选项A.understandableB.praiseworthyC.believableD.feasible问题3选项A.modern societyB.promotion of economyC.science and innovationD.importance of maths and science问题4选项A.He works in a British university as an applied ma

13、thematician.B.He firmly believes that mathematics will generate new economic activity.C.He may think that it is logical to expect innovations to come out of universities.D.He argues for the promotion of maths and science to foster future innovations.问题5选项A.proves sufficient to stimulate future innov

14、ationB.means little compared with targeted incentivesC.is less important than management educationD.serves as the underpinning of economic productivity【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Maths and science certainly underpin many innovations. Indeed, they are the basis for much of moder

15、n society, from the gadgets people use to the ways in which people interact with one another and the way in which they think.（数学和科学无疑是许多创新的基础。事实上，它们是现代社会的基础，从人们使用的小工具到人们相互交流和思考的方式）可知A选项“由数学和科学产生”符合题意。第2题:词义题。understandable意为“能懂的，可理解的”；praiseworthy意为“值得称赞的，值得表扬的”；believable意为“可信的”；feasible意为“可行的”。由Bu

16、t laudable as it is in its own right（数学和科学对于创新很重要，尽管这值得称赞）可知选B。第3题:词义题。文章第一段开篇就提出数学和科学支撑着很多创新，它们是现代社会的基础，因此可以推测主要是讲述数学与科学的重要性，故选D。第4题:推理判断题。根据题干关键此词Chris Budd定位至文章第二段，由It is difficult to predict which new scientific advance will generate new economic activity but science nevertheless boosts producti

17、vity.（很难预测哪一项新的科学进步会产生新的经济活动，但科学却能提高生产力）可知B选项“他坚信数学将产生新的经济活动”表述过于绝对，不符合原句表达的含义。第5题:观点态度题。根据题干关键词Chris Trimble定位至文章第三段，由Of course maths and science can stimulate future innovation, but promoting these disciplines is not necessarily the best way of bringing about change. He cites targeted incentives,

18、public and private spending andmost importantly, in his viewbetter management as more powerful alternatives. It is management education not technical education that is lacking, he argues.（当然，数学和科学可以刺激未来的创新，但推广这些学科并不一定是带来变革的最佳方式。他列举了有针对性的公共和私人激励措施。在他看来，支出最重要的是更好的管理是更有力的替代方案。他认为，缺乏的是管理教育，而不是技术教育）可知选C。

19、4.单选题To be rooted is perhaps the most important and least recognized need of the human soul. Simone Weil argued in the mid-twentieth century. Even our virtual playgrounds pay homage to the deeply felt need for place: MySpace was, until recently, called “a place for friends; Second Life mimics real-l

20、ife places with its homes, offices, and restaurants. What is different about mobile playgrounds is that mobile devices force real life and virtual life (and real places and virtual places) to try to coexist in a way they never have before.We want to see this as a good, enabling thingI can fire off t

21、hat e-mail to the office and then get back to relaxing on my vacation!but it is instructive to go to a playground today: even on a weekend, you will see parents engrossed in their iPhones and BlackBerrys while their children make increasingly loud bids for their attention. The November 2, 2009 cover

22、 of The New Yorker sadly and beautifully satirized this trend: it shows an illustration of children out trick-or-treating, basked in the glow of houselights, while their parents bask in the glow of the smart-phone in which they are rapt. Even our leisure time, it seems, has been colonized by our nee

23、d to stay connected and it is a constant struggle to set limits on our engagement with the virtual world so that we can attend to the real one in front of us.And when we decide to leave home entirely, we find it difficult to leave the demands of work behind. Consider the cruise ship industry: every

24、year, more than three million people board a Carnival Cruise ship to take a vacation. They spend a great deal of time eating and gambling, and then eating some more. The perpetual buffets that have long been a staple of the cruise ship lifestyle cater to one kind of hunger; Carnival now caters to an

25、other one that seems counterintuitive in vacationers eager to get away from it all: staying connected. With their twenty-four-hour Internet cafes, onboard WiFi, and an advertising campaign that features bikini-clad patrons lounging on deck chairs with laptop computers, Carnival Cruise Lines has enth

26、usiastically responded to the demands of patrons who seek an ideal of maritime escape but still want to check their e-mail several times a day.This, too, is the strange new world of leisure: never disconnected, and never really free from the demands of daily life. Notwithstanding all the talk of mob

27、ility, we find ourselves tethered in novel waysnot to a hometown, or to a particular social background, but to our devices themselves and the feeling of connection they provide, which we seemingly cannot sit still without.1.According to the first paragraph, what can we learn about MySpace and Second

28、 Life?2.When saying it is instructive to go to a playground today, the author means that （ ）.3.The following statements are TRUE except（ ）.4.The word tethered in the last paragraph probably means（ ）.5.This passage is intended to （ ）.问题1选项A.They function as real life venues for entertainment.B.They d

29、eserve credit for reflecting the human soul.C.As virtual playgrounds, they resemble reality in terms of place.D.Through mobile devices, they represent engagement with society.问题2选项A.smart phones are the culprit for the poor relations between parents and childrenB.responsible parents are supposed to

30、engage their children with outdoor activitiesC.playgrounds are the places for parents and children to spend time togetherD.peoples indulgence in staying connected can be witnessed there问题3选项A.people vacationing on Carnival Cruise ships have access to the Internet todayB.eating and gambling are the e

31、xclusive things people can enjoy on cruise shipsC.Carnival Cruise Lines cater to vacationers demands to stay in contact with othersD.peoples desire to remain connected makes it difficult for them to escape from work问题4选项A.confinedB.disconnectedC.immuneD.indifferent问题5选项A.analyze the various reasons

32、for humans to settle downB.advocate the necessity of virtual connection in leisure timeC.enumerate the enormous benefits of mobile devices for work and lifeD.highlight the transformation of mobility through ubiquitous connection【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中Even our virtual playg

33、rounds pay homage to the deeply felt need for place: MySpace was, until recently, called “a place for friends”; Second Life mimics real-life places with its homes, offices, and restaurants.（即使是我们的虚拟游戏场地，也会对对位置的深刻需求表示敬意：MySpace直到最近才被称为“朋友的地方”；Second Life模仿现实生活中的地方，有它自己的家、办公室和餐馆）可知选C。第2题:推理判断题。由文章第二段E

34、ven our leisure time, it seems, has been colonized by our need to stay connected and it is a constant struggle to set limits on our engagement with the virtual world so that we can attend to the real one in front of us.（就连我们的闲暇时间，似乎也被我们保持联系的需要所占据，这是一个不断的斗争，以限制我们与虚拟世界的接触，以便我们能够处理我们面前的真实世界）可推测作者认为人们太沉

35、溺于虚拟世界，而忽略现实世界，因此提出如今去操场是很有教育意义的，故选D。第3题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中They spend a great deal of time eating and gambling, and then eating some more. The perpetual buffets that have long been a staple of the cruise ship lifestyle cater to one kind of hunger; Carnival now caters to another one that seems counterintu

36、itive in vacationers eager to get away from it all: staying connected. 可知B选项是人们过去在游轮上的主要消遣方式，不再适合如今的需求。第4题:词义题。confine意为“限制”；disconnect意为“切断”；immune意为“免疫的”；indifferent意为“漠不关心的”。由we find ourselves tethered in novel ways（我们发现自己被新的方式束缚住了）可知选A。第5题:主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了移动设备让人们时刻保持联系以及对生活的影响，强调无处不在的联系带来的影响，因此选D。5

37、.单选题California is a land of variety and contrast. Almost every type of physical land feature sort of arctic ice fields and tropical jungles can be found within its borders. Sharply contrasting types of land often lie very close to one another. People living in Bakersfield, for instance, can visit th

38、e Pacific Ocean and the coastal plain, the fertile San Joaquin Valley, the arid Mojave Desert, and the high Sierra Nevada, all within a radius of about 100 miles.In other areas it is possible to go snow skiing in the morning and surfing in the evening of the same day, without having to travel long d

39、istance.Contrast abounds in California. The highest point in the United States (outside Alaska) is in California, and so is the lowest point (including Alaska). Mount Whitney, 14,494 feet above sea level, is separated from Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level, by a distance of only 100 miles.The t

40、wo areas have a difference in altitude of almost three miles. California has deep, clear mountain lakes like Lake Tahoe, the deepest in the country, but it also has shallow, salty desert lakes. It has Lake Tulainyo, 12,020 feet above sea level, and the lowest lake in the country, the Salton Sea, 236

41、 feet below sea level. Some of its lakes, like Owens Lake in Death Valley, are not lakes at all: they are dried-up lake beds. In addition to mountains, lakes, valleys, deserts and plateaus, California has its Pacific coastline, stretching longer than the coastlines of Oregon and Washington combined.

42、1.Which of the following is the lowest point in the United States?2.Where is the highest point in the United States located?3.How far away is Death Valley from Mount Whitney?4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as being within a radius of about 100 miles of Bakersfield?5.Which st

43、atement beat demonstrates that California is a land of variety and contrast?问题1选项A.Lake TulainyoB.Mojave DesertC.Death ValleyD.The Salton Sea问题2选项A.Lake TahoeB.Sierra NevadaC.Mount WhineyD.Alaska问题3选项A.About 3 milesB.Only 100 milesC.282 feetD.14,494 feet问题4选项A.The Pacific OceanB.San Joaquin ValleyC.

44、Mojave DesertD.Oregon and Washington问题5选项A.The highest lake in California is Lake Tulainyo.B.It is possible to go surfing and snow skiing in some parts of California without having to travel long distance.C.Sierra Nevada, San Joaquin Valley, Mojave Desert and the Pacific Ocean all lie within a radiu

45、s of about 100 miles.D.Owens Lake, in Death Valley, is not really a lake at all.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中The highest point in the United States (outside Alaska) is in California, and so is the lowest point (including Alaska). Mount Whitney, 14,494 feet above sea level, is se

46、parated from Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level, by a distance of only 100 miles.可知美国的最高点（阿拉斯加以外）和最低点（包括阿拉斯加）都在加利福尼亚，Mount Whitney（惠特尼峰）为最高点，海拔14,494英尺，Death Valley（死谷）为最低点，海拔低于海平面282英尺。第2题:推理判断题。由文章第三段中The highest point in the United States (outside Alaska) is in California美国（阿拉斯加以外）的最高点在加利福尼亚，

47、可推测就全美国而言，最高点应该是在阿拉斯加，因此选D。需要注意括号中补充说明的地方。第3题:细节事实题。由文章第三段中Mount Whitney, 14,494 feet above sea level, is separated from Death Valley, 282 feet below sea level, by a distance of only 100 miles.可知Death Valley与Mount Whitney只相距100英里，因此选B。第4题:细节事实题。由文章第一段中People living in Bakersfield, for instance, can

48、visit the Pacific Ocean and the coastal plain, the fertile San Joaquin Valley, the arid Mojave Desert, and the high Sierra Nevada, all within a radius of about 100 miles.可知A、B、C选项都有提及，半径都在100英里以内，因此选D。第5题:主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了加利福尼亚是一个多姿多彩的国家，自然地貌类型丰富，接下来举例具体说明，A、B、D选项在文章都有提及，但不能概括出加利福尼亚的不同地形的特征，因此选C。6.单选题（

49、）teller machines have reduced the need for bank visits to obtain cash and carry out transactions.问题1选项A.CorrelatedB.AutomatedC.IncorporatedD.Prototyped【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。correlated意为“相互关系的”；automated意为“自动化的”；incorporated意为“组成公司的”；prototyped意为“原型的”。句意：自动取款机减少了去银行提取现金和进行交易的需要。7.单选题Electric vehicles are

50、potential game changers in transportation, a sector which （ ）largest share of oil consumption.问题1选项A.posesB.assumesC.representsD.owes【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。pose意为“产生，提出，摆好姿势”；assume意为“假定，认为”；represent意为“代表”；owe意为“欠，归功于，应给予”。句意：电动汽车是交通运输中潜在的游戏变革者，是占石油消费比重最大的部门。8.单选题Humble （ ）it may be, theres no place like

51、home, （ ）her may go.问题1选项A.like, whenB.as, whereverC.although, whereD.which, wherever【答案】B【解析】考查状语从句。as引导让步状语从句必须进行倒装，此处将表语humble提前；wherever意为“无论哪儿”，引导地点状语从句。句意：尽管家很简陋，但无论她去哪儿，没有一个地方可以和家相提并论。9.单选题In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide acts rather like a one-way mirror or the glass in the roof of a greenh

52、ouse which allows the suns rays to enter but prevents the heat from escaping.According to a weather experts prediction, the atmosphere will be 3C warmer in the year 2050 than it is today, if man continues to burn fuels at the present rate. If this warming-up took place, the ice caps in the poles wou

53、ld begin to melt, thus raising sea level several metres and severely flooding coastal cities. Also, the increase in atmospheric temperature would lead to great changes in the climate of the northern hemisphere, possibly resulting in an alteration of the earths chief food growing zones.In the past, c

54、oncern about a man-made warming of the earth has concentrated on the Arctic because the Antarctic is much colder and has a much thicker ice sheet. But the weather experts are now paying more attention to West Antarctic, which may be affected by only a few degrees of warming, in other words, by a war

55、ming on the scale that will possibly take place in the next fifty years from the burning of fuels.Satellite pictures show that large areas of Antarctic ice are already disappearing. The evidence available suggests that a warming has taken place. This fits the theory that carbon dioxide warms the ear

56、th.However, most of the fuel is burnt in the northern hemisphere, where temperatures seem to be falling. Scientists conclude, therefore, that up to now natural influences on the weather have gone beyond those caused by man. The question is: Which natural cause has most effect on the weather?One poss

57、ibility is the variable behavior of the sun. Astronomers at one research station have studied the hot spots and cold spots (that is, the relatively less hot spots) on the sun. As the sun rotates, every 27. 5 days, it presents hotter or colder faces to the earth, and different aspects to different pa

58、rts of the earth. This seems to have a considerable effect on the distribution of the earths atmospheric pressure, and consequently on wind circulation. The sun is also changeable over a long term: its heat output goes up and down in cycles, the latest trend being downward.Scientists are now finding

59、 shared relations between models of solar weather interactions and the actual climate over many thousands of years, including the last Ice Age. The problem is that the models are predicting that the world should be entering a new Ice Age and it is not. One way of solving this theoretical difficulty

60、is to assume a delay of thousands of years while the solar effects overcome the inertia of the earths climate. If this is right, the warming effect of carbon dioxide might thus be serving as a useful opposed balance to the suns fading heat.1.It can be concluded that a concentration of carbon dioxide

61、 in the atmosphere would （ ）.2.The article was written to explain（ ）.3.Although the fuel consumption is greater in the northern hemisphere, temperatures there seem to be falling. This is（ ）.4.On the basis of their models, scientists believe the opinion that （ ）.5.If the assumption about the delay of

62、 a new Ice Age is correct, （ ）.问题1选项A.prevent the suns rays from reaching the earths surfaceB.mean a warming-up in the ArcticC.account for great changes in the climate in the northern hemisphereD.raise the temperature of the earths surface.问题2选项A.the greenhouse effectB.the solar effects on the earth

63、C.the models of solar-weather interactionsD.the causes affecting weather问题3选项A.mainly because the levels of carbon dioxide are risingB.possible because the ice caps in the poles are meltingC.exclusively due to the effect of the inertia of the earths climateD.partly due to variations in the output of solar energy