考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷40（附带答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试易错、难点名师剖析押密卷（附带答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题High pressure cells may bring brief warm （ ）even in the middle of winter.问题1选项A.strugglesB.spellsC.spansD.sway【答案】C【解析】struggle 奋斗，努力；spell 符咒，魅力； span跨度，范围；sway 影响，摇摆，统治。句意：高压电池即使在隆冬也能带来短暂的温暖。选项C在这里表示时间段，符合语境。2.翻译题大学之所以有理由存

2、在，是因为它使老少两代人在富于想象力的学习中，保持了知识与生活热情之间的联系。大学提供信息，但它是富于想象地提供信息。至少，这是它应该为社会发挥的作用。一所大学如果做不到这一点，就没有理由存在。富于想象的思维可以营造出一种令人兴奋的氛围，而这种氛围又可以转化知识。事实不再只是纯粹的事实，它被赋予了种种可能性。它不再是记忆的负担，而是充满活力，犹如能描绘我们梦境的诗人，能实现我们意图的建筑师。【答案】The justification for a university is that it preserves the connection between knowledge and the ze

3、st of life, by uniting the young and the old in the imaginative consideration of learning. The university imparts information, but it imparts it imaginatively. At least, this is the function which it should perform for society. A university which fails in this respect has no reason for existence. Th

4、is atmosphere of excitement, arising from imaginative consideration, transforms knowledge. A fact is no longer a bare fact: it is invested with all its possibilities. It is no longer a burden on the memory: it is energizing as the poet of our dreams, and as the architect of our purposes.3.单选题The Bad

5、lands National Park was established in South Dakota to preserve this weirdly beautiful region.问题1选项A.trulyB.strangelyC.exceedinglyD.impressively【答案】B【解析】句意：荒地国家公园是在南达科塔州建立的，旨在保护这个奇特的美丽地区。weirdly意为“古怪地，奇特地”。truly真实地；strangely奇妙地，不可思议地；exceedingly非常，极其；impressively令人难忘地。选项B与之意思相近。4.单选题Lets put an end

6、to this unnecessary and （ ）destruction of our environment.问题1选项A.wantonB.illiterateC.decisiveD.competitive【答案】A【解析】wanton荒唐的，无节制的；illiterate文盲的，不识字的；decisive决定性的，果断的；competitive竞争的，比赛的。句意：让我们停止对环境不必要的以及无节制的破坏。选项A符合句意。5.单选题It was reported that the project （ ）by the end of this month.问题1选项A.will be co

7、mpletedB.would have been completedC.would have completedD.will have been completed【答案】B【解析】句意：据报道，该项目将于本月底完成。根据was和by+时间可知，这里应该用would+过去完成时，首先排除选项A和D；项目是被完成，所以选项B正确。6.单选题The basic causes are unknown, although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been （ ）.问题1选项A.identifiedB.guaranteedC.not

8、ifiedD.conveyed【答案】A【解析】identify确定，鉴定，识别；guarantee保证，担保；notify通告，通知，公布；convey 传达，运输。句意：尽管可能导致癌症的某些条件已经确定，但基本原因还是未知数。选项A符合句意。7.单选题The black clouds of gathering thunderstorm look quite （ ）.问题1选项A.ominousB.negligibleC.overcastD.obscure【答案】A【解析】ominous 预兆的，不吉利的；negligible 微不足道的，可忽略的；overcast 愁闷的，阴暗的；obs

9、cure 昏暗的， 晦涩的，不清楚的。句意：乌云密布的雷暴看起来很不吉利。选项A更符合语境。8.单选题Please hold up on a sum of money to cover the costs of handling.问题1选项A.borrowB.reserveC.takeD.carry【答案】B【解析】hold up on意为持有，储备。只有选项B与之意思相近。9.单选题In early 19th century America, care for the mentally ill was almost non-existent: the afflicted were usual

10、ly relegated to prisons, almshouses, or inadequate supervision by families. Treatment, if provided, paralleled other medical treatments of the time, including bloodletting and purgatives. However, in a wave of concern for the oppressed, some took action. Among these, Dorothea Dix was the leading cru

11、sader for the establishment of state-supported mental asylums. Through her efforts, the first state hospitals for the insane were built in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. She and other reformers sought humane, individualized care, with the rich and the poor housed together to insure high standards for

12、all. The movement was generated by social reform, but throughout the century, mental illness was probed and analyzed, and “cures” prescribed by both the scientific and lay communities. “Moral treatment” was the predominating philosophy to cure the insane.This system was developed in late 18th centur

13、y Europe, and by Benjamin Rush in the United States. It challenged the demonic explanations for insanity and emphasized the role of environment in determining character: improper external conditions could induce derangement. The “moral treatment” system was optimistic that an appropriate environment

14、 could facilitate cure, especially for those with acute (not chronic) afflictions. Essential to this theory was a physiological basis/for mental disorder: insanity was caused by brain damage. The brains surface was soft and malleable and physically altered by outward influence. This idea was closely

15、 related to phrenology, which assigned specific faculties to sections of the brain.The notion that mental illness resulted from physical impairment was rarely challenged, but the nature and treatment of ailments were continually debated. To find physical evidence for mental deficiencies, autopsies p

16、erformed on mental patients to discover lesions or other abnormalities. Although progress was made in the diagnosis of somatic diseases like tumors syphilitic derangement, these efforts were frustrating and subjective. Also controversial was the fate of the chronically versus acutely ill: the differ

17、ences between them, whether they should be housed together, and whether the chronically ill should be treated at all.1.What is the passage mainly about?2.According to paragraph 1, the movement to establish state-supported mental asylums was motivated by concern for （ ）.3.It can be inferred from the

18、passage that the methods used in “moral treatment” were（ ）.4.According to the passage, phrenology was（ ）.5.Autopsies were performed on mental patients（ ）.问题1选项A.Care of the mentally illB.The influence of “moral treatment”C.The influence of Dorothea Dix and Benjamin RushD.Social and medical reform问题2

19、选项A.inadequate care by familiesB.social reformC.the effects of medical treatmentD.those who were not mentally ill问题3选项A.controversialB.acceptedC.provenD.dangerous问题4选项A.never very popularB.a theory about determining a persons characterC.a cause of mental illnessD.a theory about a persons brain问题5选项A

20、.to find evidence for moral treatment theoryB.for diagnosis of mental illnessC.as part of treatmentD.on acute rather than chronic patients【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。原文第一段首先指出早期的美国对精神病人的照顾是不存在的，接下来的段落则是探讨精神疾病的治疗方法。由此可知，本文主要讲述的是对精神疾病的关注，所以选项A正确。2.细节事实题。根据原文第一段倒数第二句“The movement was gener

21、ated by social reform.”这场运动是由社会改革引发的所以选项B正确。3.推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“The notion that mental illness resulted from physical impairment was rarely challenged, but the nature and treatment of ailments were continually debated.”精神疾病是由身体损伤引起的这一概念很少受到挑战，但对疾病的性质和治疗一直存在争议。所以选项A正确。4.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“This idea was cl

22、osely related to phrenology, which assigned specific faculties to sections of the brain.”这一想法与颅相学密切相关，颅相学将大脑分为各个不同的机制。由此可知，颅相学是关于人类大脑的理论。选项D符合原文。5.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“To find physical evidence for mental deficiencies, autopsies performed on mental patients to discover lesions or other abnormalities.”为了寻

23、找精神缺陷身体上的证据，对精神病人进行尸检以发现病变或其他异常。由此可知，对精神病人验尸是为精神治疗理论寻找证据。选项A符合原文。10.单选题By the time that dispute was resolved, relations between service and management had been poisoned.问题1选项A.disdainedB.retainedC.taintedD.stained【答案】C【解析】句意：在争端得到解决时，服务和管理之间的关系已经被破坏。poisoned意为破坏，摧毁。disdained 鄙弃；retained保留，保存；tainted 污染的，感染的；stained 玷污的，着色的。选项C最符合原句语境，所以正确。