考研考博-考博英语-湖南大学考前自测提分卷23(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-湖南大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题Yet beyond that tragic picture, there is a revolution at work in world agriculture.问题1选项A.reflectiveB.illusiveC.intolerableD.grievous【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析。句意: 除去这悲惨的景象，农业领域正发生着变革。reflective:反射的，反映的，反思的。illusive:错觉的，迷惑人的。intolerable:无法忍受的,不

2、能容忍的。grievous:严重的，令人伤心的,剧烈的。tragic:悲剧的，悲痛的。故选D。2.单选题Babies soon began to take an active（ ） the world around them.问题1选项A.contempt forB.fondness forC.interest inD.part in【答案】D【解析】短语辨析。句意:婴儿很快就会积极地加入他们周围的世界。take part in 参加,加入。3.单选题Since the early nineties, the trend in most businesses has been toward o

3、n-demand, always-available products and services that suit the customers （ ）rather than the company s.问题1选项A.benefitB.availabilityC.suitabilityD.convenience【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。句意: 九十年代早期开始，大多数公司就倾向于经营随需应变、随时可用的产品和服务。这样为顾客提供了 ，而不是为公司提供便利。Suit ones convenience 对便利。4.单选题The biggest safety threat facing airli

4、nes today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the portable computer in business class. In the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this interference remains unconfirmed, but increasingly

5、, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic devices such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones.RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation industry, has recommended that all airlines ban such devices from being used during “critical” stages of fligh

6、t, particularly take-off and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are

7、 reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights.The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircrafts computers. Experts know that portable devices emit radiation which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation a

8、nd communication. But, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not.The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable to interference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio systems in order to

9、 damage navigation equipment. As worrying, though, is the passenger who cant hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the musics too loud.1.The passage is mainly about（ ） .2.What is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in the past 15 years?3.Few airlines want to impose a total ban o

10、n their passengers using electronic devices because（ ）4.Why is it difficult to predict the possible effects of electromagnetic fields on an airplanes computers?5.It can be inferred from the passage that the author（ ） .问题1选项A.a new regulation for all airlinesB.the defects of electronic devicesC.a pos

11、sible cause of aircraft crashesD.effective safety measures for air flight问题2选项A.They may have been caused by the damage to the radio systemsB.They may have taken place during take-off and landingC.They were proved to have been caused by the passengers portable computersD.They were suspected to have

12、resulted from electromagnetic interference问题3选项A.they dont believe there is such a danger as radio interferenceB.the harmful effect of electromagnetic interference is yet to be provedC.most passengers refuse to take a plane which bans the use of radio and cassette playersD.they have other effective

13、safety measures to fall back on问题4选项A.Because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such research on an airplaneB.Because it remains a mystery what wavelengths are liable to be interfered withC.Because research scientists have not been able to produce that same effects in labsD.Because experts lack a

14、dequate equipment to do such research问题5选项A.is in favor of prohibiting passenger use of electronic devices completelyB.has overestimated the danger of electromagnetic interferenceC.hasnt formed his own opinion on this problemD.regards it as unreasonable to exercise a total ban during flight【答案】第1题:C

15、第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开篇第一句话点明主旨: The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the portable computer in business class(如今航空公司面临的最大的安全威胁可能不是持枪的恐怖分子，而是商务舱里带着便携式电脑的乘客)。故选C。2.细节事实。根据题干定位至第一段: In the last 15 years, pilots have reported we

16、ll over 100 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference (在过去的15年中，飞行员报告说100多起事故可能由电磁干扰引起的)。3.细节事实。根据题干定位至第二段: most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want to work during flights(由于许多乘客想在飞行期间工作，多数航空公司不愿意执行全面禁令)。4.细节事实。第三段给出了原因: But, because they

17、 have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory, they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not. (由于他们无法在实验室中重现这些效应，他们无法知道干扰是否有危险)。5.观点态度。根据文章大意，可以看出作者的态度。5.单选题Producing elastic through chemical synthesis is a tedious process consuming three months.问题1选

18、项A.the better half ofB.for the better ofC.all the better forD.the better part of【答案】D【解析】短语辨析。句意: 通过化学合成生产弹性是很烦的一个过程，会花费大约三个月的时间（三个月大部分的时间）。the better part of大多数。6.单选题The president explained that the purpose of taxation was to（ ） government spending.问题1选项A.financeB.expandC.enlargeD.budget【答案】A【解析】动词

19、辨析。句意: 总统解释说，税收的目的是为政府开支（ ）。 Finance为.提供资金; expand扩大; enlarge扩大; budget安排开支,预算。故选A。7.单选题Long before Man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have n

20、o descendants alive now. （1） .Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago. The kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original lan

21、d, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate.（2） .Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocksformed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of whi

22、ch we know nothing.（3） .There were also crab-like creatures, whose bodies were coveredwith a homy substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousand

23、s of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.（4） .Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the pr

24、evious one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.（5） .About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the

25、 later mammals, though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.问题1选项A.The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.B.Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shel

26、ls have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate.C.The first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals a

27、ble to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in t

28、he sea, and in the air.D.The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. These animals evolved rapidly and spread over large areas of the world.E.The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forms are more complex, and among these are

29、the sea lilies, relations of the star fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.F.When an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the

30、 sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.G.Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution

31、to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form.问题2选项A.The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.B.Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From the

32、m we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate.C.The first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They we

33、re giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air.D.The best index fossils tend to

34、be marine creatures. These animals evolved rapidly and spread over large areas of the world.E.The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forms are more complex, and among these are the sea lilies, relations of the star fishes, which had

35、long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.F.When an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mu

36、d. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.G.Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a m

37、ore stable form.问题3选项A.The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.B.Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the

38、 kind of food they ate.C.The first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived

39、in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air.D.The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. These animals evolved rapidly and s

40、pread over large areas of the world.E.The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forms are more complex, and among these are the sea lilies, relations of the star fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea b

41、ed, or to rocks.F.When an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones

42、or shell become embedded and preserved.G.Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form.问题4选项A.The shellfish have a long history

43、 in the rock and many different kinds are known.B.Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate.C.The first animals with true bac

44、kbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, fo

45、rmed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air.D.The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. These animals evolved rapidly and spread over large areas of the world.E.The earliest anima

46、ls whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea. Later forms are more complex, and among these are the sea lilies, relations of the star fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.F.When an animal dies, the body, its bon

47、es, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.G.Many factors ca

48、n influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form.问题5选项A.The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known.B.Nevert

49、heless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate.C.The first animals with true backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375

50、million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for n

51、early 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air.D.The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. These animals evolved rapidly and spread over large areas of the world.E.The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple ki

52、nds and lived in the sea. Later forms are more complex, and among these are the sea lilies, relations of the star fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks.F.When an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into

53、lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved.G.Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains

54、of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form.【答案】第1题:B第2题:F第3题:E第4题:A第5题:C【解析】（1）空前指出许多动物灭绝了，而接下来第二段指出，我们可以根据石头推测已灭绝的动物形状。前后为对立的两种情况, 而B项开头的nevertheless正好表示转折，意思是：尽管如此，我们对它们了解很多，因为它们的骨头和贝壳是作为化石保存在岩

55、石中的。从它们我们可以看出它们的大小和形状，它们走路的方式，它们吃的食物种类。该选项起到了衔接第一段和第二段的作用。（2）此空时衔接第二段和第三段, 选项F的最后一句与空白后的第一句密切相关。空白后第一句讲：我们所知道的几乎所有化石都是被保存在了由于水的作用而形成的岩石中，而且大多都是生活在水里或水边的动物。选项F提到：be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea, get covered by mud 等，都 是在讲水的作用形成化石；而最后一句“直到其骨头或外壳嵌进石头并被保存下来”，空格后也有一个preserved与之对应。因此F为此处正

56、确答案。F意为：动物死后，其身体、骨骼或外壳通常会被溪流带走，流入湖泊或海洋，并被泥土覆盖。如果这只动物生活在海里，它的身体可能会下沉并被泥土覆盖。越来越多的泥土会落在上面，直到骨头或贝壳被嵌入并保存下来。（3）53空后一句: 还有像螃蟹一样的生物，其身体表面是一层角状物。紧接着后面部分介绍了这类动物的外貌特征。空后一句有一个 “also”，由此推测空格处应该是关于另一种海洋生物。选项E提到starlilies这种海洋生物。E意为：最早被发现的动物都是非常简单的动物，生活在海里。后来的形态更为复杂，其中包括海百合、星鱼的关系，星鱼有长长的手臂，被一根长茎附在海床或岩石上。（4）空格处后一句为:

57、 Of these, the ammonites areshellanimal, 说明ammonites是前面所提某种动物中的一个例子，它们的特点是“有壳。据此推测此处应为A项。A意为：有壳的水生动物在化石中的历史很久了，而且已知的有很多不同的种类。（5）55空上段主要讲的是有壳水生动物。下段第一句讲：大约7500万年前，爬行动物时代结束了。由此可知，要填入的文字应该既承接上段提到的有壳水生动物，又能够引出下文的爬行动物这样的内容。只有选项C中有相关的词gave rise to the reptiles。C意为：第一批真正有脊椎的动物是鱼类，最早出现在3.75亿年前的岩石中。大约3亿年前，两栖

58、动物出现了，它们能够在陆地和水中生活。它们是巨大的，有时长达8英尺，其中许多生活在我们的煤层或岩层形成的沼泽水池中。两栖动物产生了爬行动物，在近1.5亿年的时间里，这些爬行动物是陆地、海洋和空中的主要生命形式。8.单选题TWA was criticized for trying to cover up the truth rather than promptly notifying victims families.问题1选项A.brieflyB.quicklyC.accuratelyD.earnestly【答案】B【解析】副词辨析。句意: 环球航空公司被诟病其试图掩盖真相而不是立马通知遇难者

59、家属的行为。briefly 短暂地，简略地。quickly 迅速地，很快地。accurately 精确地，准确地。earnestly 认真地，诚挚地。promptly 迅速地。故选B。9.单选题A scientific panel convened by the World Health Organization recommended guidelines on Friday for doctors conducting clinical studies of SARS patients. The panel urged doctors to apply the guidelines in

60、analyzing the masses of potentially useful information about various therapies that were collected in this years epidemic. Much of that information has not been published or analyzed.“It is a matter of urgency to get better analysis and review，” said Dr. Simon Mardel, a WHO official who led the two-

61、day meeting that ended on Friday. He said thousands of potential therapies and compounds had been tested so far as researchers try to determine treatments for SARS, or severe acute respiratory syndrome. “We recognize that having no treatment for SARS is hindering our ability to control an epidemic i

62、n so many ways.” He said.In the epidemic earlier this year, various treatments, like drugs to fight the virus or strengthen the immune system, as well as traditional Chinese medicine, were delivered under emergency conditions, in widely different settings and countries to patients suffering from var

63、ying stages of the illness. Those conditions- generally without standardized measurements or controlled situations-have made it hard to interpret results.Standard supportive therapy like nursing, and in severe cases the use of mechanical respirators to help patients breathe, is the mainstay of SARS care, and helped many patients survive. But doctors still do not know how best to treat SARS patients who have breathing difficulties. Dr. Mardel said. One method is invasive ventilation. A second method involves blowing oxygen into the lungs