考研考博-考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考前自测提分卷62(含答案详解）

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1、书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.问答题(A) Define ambition and you instantly (B) reveal a great deal about yourself: Even that most neutral of works, Websters, in its Seventh New Collegiate Edition, (C) gives itself off, (D) defining ambition first and foremost as “a

2、n ardent desire for rank, fame and power.”【答案】C；改成gives itself away2.翻译题Translate the following into English20年来，中国从工业化、城镇化加快发展的国情出发，不断丰富可持续发展的内涵，积极应对国内外环境的复杂变化和一系列重大挑战，实现了经济平稳较快发展、人民生活显 著改善，在控制人口总量、提高人口素质、节约资源和保护环境等方面取得了积极进展。 同时，作为一个发展中国家，中国人口众多、生态脆弱、人均资源占有不足，人均国内生产总值尚排在全球百位左右，仍有1.22亿贫困人口，资源环境对经济发展

3、的约束增强，区域发展不平衡问题突出，科技创新能力不强，改善民生的任务十分艰巨。【答案】Over the past 20 years, China, based on its national conditions of being in the accelerated industrialization and urbanization processes, has enriched the connotations of sustainable development, actively responded to the complex changes in the environment

4、at home and abroad and a series of major challenges, and achieved steady and rapid economic development, higher peoples living standards, and remarkable progress in population control, population quality improvement, resources conservation and environmental protection. On the other hand, as a develo

5、ping country with a large population, China is faced with ecological fragility and inadequate per capita resources. Its per capita gross domestic product (GDP) is still ranked about 100th in the world and there are still 122 million people living in poverty. Moreover, given the severe resources and

6、environment constrains on economic development, pronounced uneven development among regions, and weak scientific and technological innovation capacities, China still faces and arduous task of improving peoples livelihood.3.翻译题Translate the following passage from Chinese into English人皆生而为新，为前所未有之所存在：

7、人皆生而能赢。人皆有其特立独行之方式去审视，聆听，触摸，品味及思考，因而都具备独特潜质，能力和局限。人皆能举足轻重，富有创意，成就功业。“成者”与“败者”含义颇多。谈及成者我们并非指的是使他人失败的人。对我们而言，成者必为人守信，值得信赖，有求必应，态度诚恳，或为个人，或为社会一员皆能以真诚回应他人。成者敢于利用所学，独立思考，区分事实与观点，且并不佯装通晓所有答案，他们倾听，权衡他人意见，但能得出自己的结论。尽管他们尊重，敬佩他们，但并不为他们所局限，所束缚，也不对他人敬若神灵。【答案】Each human being is born as something new, something

8、that never existed before. Each is born with the capacity to win at life. Each person has a unique way of seeing, hearing, touching, tasting and thinking. Each has his or her own unique potentials, capabilities and limitations. Each can be a significant and creative being, as well as be a winner.The

9、 word “winner” and “loser” have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society.Winners

10、are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and dont pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others; evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not

11、 totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.4.翻译题Translate the following into Chinese.Winners have different potentials. Achievement is not the most important thing. Authenticity is. The authentic person experiences the reality of himself by knowing himself, being himself, and becoming a cr

12、edible, responsive person. He actualizes his own unprecedented uniqueness, and appreciates the uniqueness of others.Global value chains, or GVCs, are not a new phenomenon, but they have expanded and deepened significantly in recent years, offering greater opportunities for developing countries to in

13、tegrate into the global economy at lower costs. Improvements in communication technology and declining transportation costs worldwide have made it easier to “unbundle” tasks internationally.【答案】胜利者具备不同的潜力，成就不是最重要的方面，而是真诚。真诚的人了解自我，保持自我，从而体验到真实的自我，成为一个可信、感性的人。他实现了自己前所未有的特性，并赞赏他人的独特之处。全球价值链，简称GVC，并不是一种

14、新现象，但是，近年来，它们已大大扩大和深化，为发展中国家以更低的成本融入全球经济提供了更多的机会。全球通信技术的进步和运输成本的下降使国际上更容易“分解”各项任务。5.问答题Charles Darwins “On the Origin of Species” is credited with sparking evolutions revolution Ain scientific thought, but many observers had pondered evolution before him. It was understood Bthe ideas significance an

15、d selling it to the public that made Darwin great, according to the Arnold C DArboretums new director.【答案】试题答案：B; understanding【解析】考查现在分词。understood一般用于be understood as（被理解为），understanding意为“理解的”。6.问答题The (A) fantastic achievements of modern technology and the speed (B) with which scientific discove

16、ries are (C) translated into technological applications (D) attest to the triumph of human efforts.【答案】B；“with”改为“at”。【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：现代技术的惊人成就和科学发现转化为技术应用的速度证明了人类努力的胜利。句中“with which”引导定语从句，修饰先行词“speed”，因为有固定搭配“at the speed”表示“以的速度”，所以将B项的介词“with”改为“at”。7.翻译题Translate the following into Chinese.Chinas

17、 long-running campaign to tighten monetary policy may have a little more life in it with economists expecting the Peoples Bank of China will raise interest rates at least one more time this year, a survey of economists by Dow Jones Newswires showed Wednesday.Six out of ten economists polled said the

18、y expected Chinas central bank will likely raise the benchmark lending and deposit rates by a further 0.25 percentage point each this year to combat high inflation. The other four forecasters predicted between one and two hikes through the end of the year.The Peoples Bank of China is also likely to

19、raise banks reserve requirement ratio by 50 basis points next month, continuing its pattern of raising the ratio once a month so far this year, according to the survey. But economists expect the pace of such increases to slow later in the year. “With inflation staying relatively high, the authoritie

20、s are unlikely to relax policy tightening in the short term,” China International Capital Corporation Ltd, economist Peng Wensheng (彭文生) said.The latest inflation data showed that Chinas consumer price index rose 5.3% from a year earlier in April, down slightly from Marchs 5.4% rise but still well a

21、bove the official full-year target of around 4%. Many economists expect inflation to peak in June.【答案】道琼斯通讯社周三对经济学家进行的一项调查显示，中国长期的货币紧缩政策可能会稍微放宽一点，同吋也有经济学家希望中国银行今年至少再提高一次利率。十分之六的经济学家投票支持中国中央银行在今年将基准利率和存款利率分别再提高0.25个百分点，以应对高通货膨胀率。其他四个预报员预计在今年年底还会有一到两次的提高。调查表明，中国银行将会延续其今年一个月提髙一次比率的态势，在下个月可能将银行存款准备进率提高5

22、0个基本点。但经济学家希望今年这种提高的幅度能够减缓。中国国际金融有限公司的经济学家彭文生表示，“在通胀率维持在较高水平的情况下，当局不大可能在短期内放宽紧缩政策”。最新的通货膨胀数据显示，中国的消费者物价指数从去年四月份开始提髙了5.3个百分点，相比三月份的5.4个百分点有所下降，但仍远高于官方大约4个百分点的全年目标。许多经济学家预计通货膨胀率将在6月份达到峰值。8.问答题In spirit their work was closer to the humor of the fast-developing comic strip and gag cartoon A Bthan to the

23、 string of political satire. Their subjects were more often amusing than offended by C Damiable attacks.【答案】试题答案：D; amused【解析】考查形容词辨析。amusing一般形容物；amused一般形容人。their subjects意为“他们的绘画对象”，表示人。9.问答题The men taking part, on the other hand, are clearly recognizable. There is nothing abouttheir appearance t

24、o suggest thatthey belong to an entirely different age. This illusion is created by Aby changing fashions. Over the years, the great majority of men have successfully resisted all B Cattempts to make it change their style of dress. The same cannot be said for women. D【答案】试题答案：D; them【解析】考查代词。由“the g

25、reat majority of men”可知此处对应的代词应用复数形式。10.翻译题Rational choice theoryRational choice theory, also known as choice theory or rational action theory, is a framework for understanding and often formally modeling, social and economic behavior. Rationality, interpreted as “wanting more rather than less of a

26、good，is widely used as an assumption of the behavior of individuals in macroeconomic models and analysis and appears in almost all economics textbook treatments of human decision-making. It is also central to some of modem political science, sociology, and philosophy. It attaches “wanting more” to i

27、nstrumental rationality, which involves seeking the most cost-effective means to achieve a specific goal without reflecting on the worthiness of that goal. Gary Backer was an early proponent of applying rational actor models more widely. He won the 1992 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for

28、his studies of discrimination, crime, and human capital.In rational choice theory, these costs are only extrinsic or external to the individual rather than being intrinsic or internal. That is, strict rational choice theory would not see a criminals self-punishment by inner feelings of remorse, guil

29、t, or shame as relevant to determining the costs of committing a crime. In general, rational choice theory does not address the role of an individuals sense of morals or ethics in decision-making. Thus, economics Noblest Amartya Sen sees the model of people who follow rational choice model as “ratio

30、nal fools”.【答案】理性选择理论理性选择理论，也被称为选择理论或理性行为理论，是用于理解社会，正式对社会和经济行为的框架。理性，被解释为“对最大利益的追求”，在宏观经济模型中被广泛用作个人行为的假设，并出现在几乎所有经济学教科书中关于人类决策的处理。它也是现代政治学、社会学和哲学的中心。它将“想要更多”与理性工具联系起来，这涉及到寻求最经济有效的手段来实现特定目标，而不考虑该目标的价值。Gary Backer是更广泛地运用理性行为者模式的早期支持者，他因研究歧视、犯罪和人力资本而获得1992年诺贝尔经济学奖。在理性选择理论中，这些成本仅是非本质的或外部的，而不是本质的或者内部的。也就是说，严格的理性选择理论不会根据罪犯的内心的悔恨，内疚，或羞愧等自我惩罚以确定犯罪的成本。一般来说，理性选择理论并不涉及个人道德或伦理意识在决策中的作用。因此，诺贝尔奖获得者AmartyaSen认为，遵循理性选择模式的经济学人是“理性的傻瓜模式”。