2022年考博英语-扬州大学考前模拟强化练习题17（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-扬州大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close（ ）.问题1选项A.temperamentB.contaminationC.scrutinyD.symmetry【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项temperament“气质，性情”；B选项contamination“污染”；C选项scrutiny“详细审查，细看”；D选项symmetry“对称”。句意：尽管这个模型表面上看起来还不错，但它经不起细看。选项C符合句意。2. 单选题To

2、morrow morning I will have to（ ）a conference.问题1选项A.joinB.take partC.attend toD.participate in【答案】D【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项join“加入；参加”；B选项take part“参与， 参加”；C选项attend to“注意；照料” D选项participate in“参加；分享”。句意：明天早上我要参加一个会议。A, B, D三个选项均有 “参加”的意思，但是join多指参加某组织，成为其中的一个成员，take part和participate in一般是说参加某项活动，而take part比

3、participate in更有主动的感觉，且侧重参加某项群众性、集体性的事业、工作或活动，突出参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。Participate是正式用词，特指参加团体活动，暗示以一个积极的角色参加。因此C项正确。3. 单选题When they marry, husbands and wives have well-developed health histories and well-established congenital and developmental propensities toward good and ill health. Substantial research s

4、uggests that, given the existing health propensity and health condition of an individual at a particular time, his or her probability of better or worse future health is affected by a variety of socially mediated factors that are subject to influence or manipulation by his or her spouse.Spouses can

5、promote each others health by ameliorating psychological stress. A substantial literature develops strong evidence that psychological stress causes illness, increase mortality risk, and serves as an important mechanism that links socioeconomic characteristics to health and mortality. Stress-reducing

6、 mechanisms include removal of sources of stress, and management of stress by talking about it to a trusted other person, psychological treatment, physical exercise, recreation and other means. A spouse can provide or encourage all of these stress-reducing behaviors.Spouses also can promote each oth

7、ers health by providing each other with supportive social contact, and they can facilitate or inhibit each others social contact with supportive others. Evidence suggests that health is greatly advanced by supportive social contacts, including positive interaction with relatives, friends, coworkers

8、and acquaintances. Recent experimental data shows that persons with more diverse social networks are more resistant to experimentally introduced upper respiratory viruses than persons with less diverse social networks.Spouses can also promote each others health by providing each other with money inc

9、ome, and they can help each other manage money income effectively. Money does not buy health directly, but it can be used to purchase goods and services that make good health more likely. These goods and services include nutritious food, a hygienic and safe environment, medical care, and amenities t

10、hat reduce psychological stress. Unless estranged or unusually wealthy, husbands and wives almost always share their financial resources and purchase and consume many of these health-promoting goods and services jointly. In short, there are many ways in which spouses can influence each others probab

11、ility of good health.1.What is the passage mainly about?2.According to the author, what is the most effective way for the husband to reduce psychological stress?3.Which one is the suitable summary of paragraph 1?4.How can money make good health?5.Which of the following is likely to throw spouses int

12、o ill health?问题1选项A.How spouses can promote each others physical condition.B.The spouses probability of future well-being.C.Effects of spouses hours of work on each others health.D.Spouses influence each other in various ways.问题2选项A.To talk to other person.B.To go to see psychiatrist.C.To take pleas

13、ure.D.To talk with his wife.问题3选项A.Spouses influence is of vital importance to each others health.B.Spouses influence has nothing to do with health.C.Healthy spouses will remain health after their marriage.D.There are a variety of socially mediated factors.问题4选项A.Money sometimes may be powerful enou

14、gh to buy health directly.B.Spouses can manage money income effectively for each others healthC.Money can provide spouses with goods and services, which is likely to make good health.D.For the sake of each others heath, husbands and wives should share everything.问题5选项A.Positive interaction with rela

15、tives.B.Appropriate physical exercise.C.Few social networks.D.Nutritious food.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，作者在第一段指出丈夫或妻子的健康状况不仅受到社会因素的影响，还会受到其配偶的影响。接着后面的三个段落分别从三个不同的角度讲述了配偶之间应该如何相互帮助来促进彼此的健康，所以选项C符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容，减压机制包括消除压力来源，通过与信任的人谈话来管理压力，还有心理治疗，体育锻炼，娱乐休闲等其他方法。配偶可以提供或鼓励所有

16、这些减轻压力的行为。由此可知，作者认为丈夫减轻心理压力最有效的办法应该是与信任的人也就是妻子进行谈话沟通，所以选项D正确。3.主旨大意题。根据第11题的分析可知，第一段主要是讲丈夫或妻子的健康状况不仅受到社会因素的影响，还会受到其配偶的影响。也就是说配偶的影响对彼此的健康至关重要。所以选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“Money does not buy health directly, but it can be used to purchase goods and services that make good health more likely. 金钱不能直接买到健康

17、，但它可以用来购买使人更有可能获得健康的商品和服务。”由此可知，选项C符合原文。5.细节事实题。A选项“与亲人之间的积极互动”；B选项“适当的体育锻炼”； D选项“有营养的食物”都能够促进配偶的健康状况，只有C选项“很小的社交圈子”可能会让配偶健康状况不佳。所以本题选C。4. 单选题The mayor called together all his staff members and announced that the freshly appointed director of general affairs was（ ） his ex-wifes son.问题1选项A.nobody oth

18、er thanB.nothing other thanC.none other thanD.not other than【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。none other than意为“不是别的而正是”。句意：市长召集了他所有的职员，宣布新任命的总干事不是别人，正是他前妻的儿子。选项C符合句意。5. 单选题I would do anything for her except（ ）what she cooks.问题1选项A.to eatB.eatC.eatingD.eaten【答案】B【解析】考查动词的形式。句意：我可以为她做任何事，就是不要吃她做的饭。Except在这里表示并列关系，前面是w

19、ould do，后面同样也是用动词原形，所以选项B正确。6. 单选题When department stores have an oversupply of goods, they frequently（ ）prices to encourage sales.问题1选项A.concealB.reviewC.damageD.reduce【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项conceal“隐藏；隐瞒”；B选项review“回顾；检查；复审”；C选项damage“损害，毁坏” D选项reduce“ 减少；降低”。句意：当百货公司的商品供过于求时，他们经常降价以促进销量。空格处动词的宾语是“价格”，

20、根据后面的“以促进销量”可知D项符合句意。7. 单选题To（ ）is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment.问题1选项A.conserveB.conceiveC.convertD.contrive【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项conserve“保存，保护”；B选项conceive“构思，设想”；C选项convert“转变”；D选项contrive“谋划”。句意：保护就是保存和保护，把我们自

21、己喜欢的东西留在如此好的条件下，别人也可以分享我们的乐趣。选项A符合句意。8. 翻译题人的发展和物的发展是社会发展的两大基本形态，这两大形态的发展是既相互依存又相对独立的。以人为本的价值理念在对待人与物的关系上，要求以人为中心，以物为工具和手段，坚持用人的发展来规范和控制物的发展，使物的发展适合和满足人的需要。【答案】Human development and the development of things are the two basic forms of social development, the development of two forms is both interdep

22、endent and independent. Regarding the relationship between human beings and things, the people-oriented value concept requires that people should be the center, and things should be the tools and means. The development of people should be adhered to regulate and control the development of things, so

23、 as to make the development of things fit and meet the needs of people.9. 单选题Imagine a world in which there was suddenly no emotion-a world in which human beings could feel no love or happiness, no terror or hate. Try to imagine the consequences of such a transformation. People might not be able to

24、stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. Society would soon disap

25、pear: people would be as likely to harm one another as to provide help and support. Human relationships would not exist: in a world without friends or enemies, there could be no marriage, affection among companions, or bonds (关系) among members of groups. Societys economic underpinnings (支柱) would be

26、 destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives(刺激,动力) of any kind, for as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.In such a world, the chances that the human species would sur

27、vive are next to zero, because emotions are the basic instrument of our survival and adaptation. Emotions structure the world for us in important ways. As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. True, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an objects physical a

28、spects are less important than what it has done or can do to us-hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. We also use categorizations colored by emotions in our families, communities, and overall society. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agre

29、ement that certain things and actions are good and others are bad”, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life-from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. In fact, society uses our emotional reactions and attit

30、udes, such as loyalty morality, pride shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses th

31、e legal penal (刑法的) system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts.1.The reason why people might not be able to stay alive in a world without emotion is that（ ）.2.According to the passage, peoples learning activity are possible because they（ ）.3.It can be inferred from the passage that th

32、e economic foundation of society is dependent on （ ）.4.Emotions are significant for mans survival and adaptation because（ ）.5.The emotional aspects of an object are more important than its physical aspects in that they（ ）.问题1选项A.they would not be able to tell the texture of objectsB.they would not k

33、now what was beneficial and what was harmful to themC.they would not be happy with a life without loveD.they would do things that hurt each others feelings问题2选项A.enjoy being rewarded for doing the right thingB.know what is vital to the progress of societyC.believe that emotions are fundamental for t

34、hem to stay aliveD.benefit from providing help and support to one another问题3选项A.the ability to make moneyB.the capacity to workC.the stimulus to workD.the categorizations of our emotional experiences问题4选项A.they provide the means by which people view the size or shape of objects.B.they are the basis

35、for the social feeling of agreement by which society is maintained.C.they encourage people to perform dangerous achievements.D.they produce more love than hate among people.问题5选项A.help society exploit its members for profitB.encourage us to perform important tasksC.help to perfect the legal and pena

36、l systemD.help us to adapt our behavior to the world surrounding us【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。由第一段“People might not be able to stay alive: knowing neither joy nor pleasure, anxiety nor fear, they would be as likely to repeat acts that hurt them as acts that were beneficial. 人们可能无法活

37、下去:既不知道快乐也不知道恐惧，他们可能会重复对自己有益的行为，也会重复对自己有害的行为。”言下之意就是人们不知道什么事情对自己有益处，什么事情有害，所以选项B正确。2.推理判断题。由第一段“They could not learn: they could not benefit from experience because this emotionless world would lack rewards and punishments. 他们无法学习:他们无法从经验中获益，因为这个没有感情的世界将缺乏奖赏和惩罚。可知人们从奖赏和惩罚中学习。故A项正确。3.推理判断题。由第一段“Socie

38、tys economic underpinnings (支柱) would be destroyed: since earning $10 million would be no more pleasant than earning $10, there would be no incentive to work. In fact, there would be no incentives(刺激,动力) of any kind, for as we will see, incentives imply a capacity to enjoy them.社会的经济支柱将会被毁灭，因为挣1000万

39、美元并不会比挣10美元带来更多快乐，没有了工作的动力。事实上，任何事情的动力都没有了，因为我们知道动力反映了享受它们的能力。”可知经济的支柱是工作的动力，故C项正确。4.推理判断题。由第二段“Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are good and others are bad”, In fact, society uses our emotional reactions and

40、 attitudes, such as loyalty morality, pride shame, guilt, fear and greed, in order to maintain itself. 我们对事物和事件的情感体验会产生一种社会认同感，认为某些事物和行为是好的而另一些是坏的。事实上，社会利用我们的情感反应和态度，如忠诚、道德、骄傲、羞耻、内疚、恐惧和贪婪，来维持自身。”可知B项“它们是维持社会认同感的基础。”正确。5.推理判断题。由第二段As individuals, we categorize objects on the basis of our emotions. Tr

41、ue, we consider the length, shape, size, or texture, but an objects physical aspects are less important than what it has done or can do to us-hurt us, surprise us, anger us or make us joyful. 为个体，我们会根据我们的情绪对物体进行分类。诚然，我们会考虑物体的长度、形状、大小或质地，但它对我们做了什么或能做什么更重要伤害我们、让我们惊讶、愤怒或高兴。”可知物体的情感方面能够引导我们去调整自己的行为以便更好地

42、适应周围的环境。故D项正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:10. 单选题When my wife, Meg, suffered a severe stroke that immobilized her left side, I knew we would be facing a grueling odyssey involving several hospitals, dozens of doctors and countless therapy sessions. What I wasnt prepared for was the American Way of Managed Healt

43、h Care, a system that is bureaucratic and often dysfunctional. Yes, medical practitioners in the United States are generally considered among the best in the world, and my wife primarily had first-rate care, but their back-office practice a business dominated by third-party payers is badly run at wo

44、rst and woefully confusing at best.Megs stroke occurred while we were vacationing in the south of France last summer. After being stabilized in the emergency room of a small hospital, she was transferred immediately to a large teaching hospital, where she received excellent treatment in a world-reno

45、wned stroke pavilion. When I received the bill for her 21/2-week stay at the Pasteur Hospital in Nice, I asked the deputy administrator for an itemized statement. I knew Id need to show it to our health-insurance company the one-page invoice for more than 20,000 euro wouldnt do. The administrator wa

46、s puzzled. There were only two daily rates, he explained, one for soins intensifs or intensive care and another for non-acute care. There were no extra charges; the numerous ambulance transfers, MRI brain scans, X-rays and assorted tests associated with any serious injury or illness were all-inclusi

47、ve. In fact, the only supplement was 10.67 Euros about $13 a day for food which, although not three-star bistro quality, was certainly a bargain, and better than anything you can eat in a U.S. hospital.Im not arguing that the French health-care system should be a world benchmark, but compared with w

48、hat we faced when we returned home; it was a model of simplicity and efficiency. Of course, everything in American medical care is a la carte, and the invoices are so dense with codes and abbreviations, its a wonder anyone can decipher them. I often wonder, how much does this cost the American publi

49、c annually?At one New York hospital, we received bills from doctors wed never heard of, including one who charged for an office visit when Meg couldnt even get out of bed. The managed care providers computer sent him a check without question. Had he not billed us for the co-payment I never would hav

50、e noticed the error. Over the past few months, I spent hours clearing up these kinds of mistakes. A doctor friend who heads a department in a large hospital admitted that these kinds of complaints are all too common.Megs medical tab has reached nearly $300,000, which seems monumental, even given the

51、 nature of her catastrophic injury. Thankfully, we were covered for most of it. Yet $90,000 of that figure had little or nothing to do with patient care. Roughly 30 cents of each health-care dollar goes to administration, or the processing of paperwork. If that figure could be reduced by a third, ev

52、en $30,000 would go a long way toward extending her rehab treatments. (Megs 2004 benefits have run out.)When Meg was finally discharged after spending 56 days in hospitals, we received co-payment bills for her medical equipment, including an itemized statement for every extra on her wheelchair (no,

53、the brake extensions, foot pedals, armrest, anti-tip bars, seat and seat belt are not included). But the provider billed us two ways, one for leasing the chair and another for purchase. Even now, after numerous phone calls, I still dont know whether we own or are renting the wheelchair.The outpatien

54、t rehab therapy sessions presented their own set of challenges. The hospital sent a number of bills printed in alphanumeric codes for additional thousands of dollars even though we made the proper co-payments at the time of treatment. Billing administrators barely raised an eyebrow when I told them

55、I had spent too much time on hold and would no longer bother calling to dispute the charges. (We have since received automated early-morning phone calls asking us to contact the hospital.)Ive checked with others who have had protracted negotiations with health-care providers and insurers over comple

56、x medical treatment. They echo my frustration. Why is it incumbent on the recipient to spend countless hours rectifying the medical administrations mistakes? How much extra does this process add to the nations annual health-care bill?Medicare our government-subsidized system that cares for the elder

57、ly has a much better record in administrative costs. It spends between three and four cents of every dollar on paperwork and processing. A single-payer system is easier and cheaper to run. Weve had a two-tier health-care system in the United States for a while, and only one tier works. Isnt it time

58、for managed care to slim down and help its patients get better instead of burdening them with needlessly expensive paperwork?1.“Odyssey” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to（ ）.2.Which of the following concerning the French medical system is NOT true according to the author?3.Which of the

59、 following concerning American health-care system is NOT true?4.What is the authors attitude towards American health-care system?5.The main purpose of the passage is to（ ）.问题1选项A.struggleB.treatmentC.long journeyD.time问题2选项A.The hospital provides good and cheap food.B.The hospital provides excellent

60、 treatment to patients.C.The management system is simple and efficient.D.The one page invoice is not as clear as itemized statement.问题3选项A.It is complex.B.It often does not work.C.Treatment bills are not without work.D.One third of the authors money went to administration.问题4选项A.AngryB.indifferentC.

61、HopefulD.Appreciative问题5选项A.complain about American health-care systemB.appeal for a change in American health-care systemC.criticize the system for its high costs in administrationD.tell the reader about the authors experiences in the whole process【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.语义推断题。根据关键词可定位到原

62、文第一段的第一句，作者的妻子患上了中风，需要在几家医院，数十名医生之间辗转并接受无数次治疗，这对于他们来说是艰辛而又漫长的一个过程。接着作者在第二段第一句提及，他的妻子中风是去年夏天在法国度假的时候发生的，所以Odyssey指的是长途旅行，选项C正确。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的第二句“she received excellent treatment in a world-renowned stroke pavilion. 她在世界著名的中风治疗馆受到了良好的治疗。”可知选项B正确；根据第二段后面部分的内容，作者拿着妻子住院的账单去向院长要更详细的说明用来向保险公司报销。但法国医院并不像美国医

63、院那么复杂，所有价格都包含在内，没有额外的收费，除了每天10.67欧元的食物。由此可知，法国的医院管理系统既简单又高效，所以选项C正确；作者最后还说到医院的食物虽然不是三星级餐厅的品质，但很便宜，比美国医院吃的任何东西都好，所以选项A也符合原文。只有选项D是不正确的，并不是这个账单不够详细，而是法国的账单就是如此简单明了，涵盖了所有费用。3.判断推理题。根据第五段的内容可知，作者妻子的医疗费用已经达到近30万美元，其中9万美元与病人护理几乎没有任何关系。这一比值应该是十分之三，而不是三分之一。而且原文中也提及“Roughly 30 cents of each health-care dollar goes to administration, or the processing of paperwork. 每一美元的医疗费用中，大约有30美分用于行政管理或文书处理。”一美元等于100美分，所占比值为十分之三，所以选项D不正确。4.观点态度题。结合全文内容可知，作者先是通过描写法国医院简单高效的管理系统将其和美国医院进行对比，接着通过自己的亲身事例表达了自己对美国医院的抱怨和不满，所以作者的态度是生气的，选项A正确。5.作者意图题。根据全文内容可知，作者虽然是在讲