2022年考博英语-中国传媒大学考前模拟强化练习题100（附答案详解）

《2022年考博英语-中国传媒大学考前模拟强化练习题100（附答案详解）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-中国传媒大学考前模拟强化练习题100（附答案详解）（25页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、2022年考博英语-中国传媒大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题It took Mike courage and （） to learn to live with a handicap after he was injured in a car accident.问题1选项A.enduranceB.toleranceC.continuationD.insistence【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项endurance “忍耐力; 耐久力;”；B选项tolerance “忍受;容忍”；C选项continuation “继续;连续”；D选项insistence “坚决要求;坚持;

2、固执”。句意：迈克在车祸中受伤后，他花了很大的勇气和耐力才学会在残疾的情况下生活。根据关键词“迈克在车祸中受伤后”可知A符合句意。2. 单选题Many animals have（）that help them escape from their enemies. The coats of some animals are colored to adapt to its surroundings.问题1选项A.adaptationsB.acquisitionsC.adjustmentsD.additions【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。adaptation “适应”; acquisitio

3、n “获得，收购”; adjustment “调整，调节”；addition “添加，增加”。that后面是一个定语从句，用来修饰空格处的名词，“帮助它们逃脱敌人”，由此可知选项A符合题意。句意：很多动物具有适应性，能够帮助它们逃脱敌人。有些动物的皮毛能够适应周边环境而变色。3. 单选题The teams effort to score was（）by the opposing goalkeeper.问题1选项A.frustratedB.preventedC.discouragedD.accomplished【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项frustrate表示“挫败；阻挠；使感到灰

4、心”，B选项prevent表示“预防；防止；阻止”，C选项discourage表示“阻止；使气馁；使沮丧”，D选项accomplish表示“完成；实现；达到（目的）”。由句意可知，该队想要进球的努力被对方的守门员挫败了。frustrate与effort搭配，表示“挫败的努力”。因此，本题正确答案为A选项。4. 单选题We can begin our discussion of “population as global issue” with what most persons mean when they discuss “the population problem”: too many

5、people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute. It was quite right to employ the analogy that likened demographic growth to “a long, thin powder fuse that burns steadily and haltingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes.”To understan

6、d the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history, we find that populations have been virtually st

7、able or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. There was high fertility in most places, but this was usually balanced by high mortality. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would li

8、ve past forty, while infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birthrates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.This pattern is imp

9、ortant to notice. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have c

10、aused high mortality.Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8,000 BC. till approximately AD. 1650. In the first period of some 9600 years, the population increased from some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and t

11、he present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2000 there will be 6.2 billion people throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is

12、more manageable. Between 8000 BC and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the worlds population each year. At present, this number is added every six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually.1. Which of the following demographic growth pattern is most s

13、uitable for the long, thin powder fuse analogy?2. During the first period of demographic history, societies were often in danger of extinction because （）.3. Which statement is true about population increase?4. The author of the passage intends to（）.5. The word “demographic”, in the first paragraph m

14、eans（）.问题1选项A.A virtually stable or slightly decreasing period and then a sudden explosion of population.B.A slow growth for a long time and then a period of rapid, dramatic increase.C.Too many people on earth and a few rapid increase in the number added each year.D.A long period when death rates ex

15、ceeds birthrates and then a short period with higher fertility and lower mortality.问题2选项A.only one in ten persons could live past 40.B.there was higher mortality than fertility in most places.C.it was too dangerous to have babies due to the poor conditions.D.our ancestors had little enthusiasm for m

16、ore children.问题3选项A.There might be an increase of 2.2 billion persons from now to the year 2000.B.About 50,000 babies are born every six hours at present.C.Between 8000 BC and the present, the population increase is about 80,000,000 persons each year.D.The population increased faster between 8000BC

17、and 1650 than between 1650 and the present.问题4选项A.warn people against the population explosion in the near future.B.compare the demographic growth pattern in the past with that after 1650.C.find out the cause for rapid increase in population in recent years.D.present us a clear and complete picture

18、of the demographic growth.问题5选项A.statistics of humanB.surroundings studyC.accumulation of humanD.development of human【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。第一段如此描述“the long, thin powder fuse(细长的火药引线)”: burns steadily and haltingly until it finally reaches the charge and explodes，“它一直断断续续地燃烧，直到最后爆发

19、”。第二段中说到人类在以前的时期增长并不高，有时出生率还低于死亡率，到了近期才出现快速增长，对应A选项“一段几乎稳定或略微减少的时期，然后人口突然暴增”。2.细节事实题。文章第二段说到“Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birthrates” 可知通常，社会处于灭绝的明显危险之中的原因是死亡率可能超过出生率，B选项“大多数地方的死亡率都比出生率要高”符合文意。3.推理判断题。A选项“从现在到2000年可能会增加22亿人”对应最后一段第三句与第四句“

20、Between 1650 and the present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2000 there will be 6.2 billion people throughout the world”，从1650年到现在，人口从5亿增长到40多亿。据估计，到2000年，全世界将有62亿人。通过数字相减可得A选项正确；B选项“目前，每6个小时大约有5万个婴儿出生”，文中说到“Between 8000 BC

21、and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the worlds population each year. At present, this number is added every six hours”，在公元前8000年到1650年之间，世界人口每年平均只增加5万人。目前，这个数字每六个小时增加一次。但本句中只是说population人口增加，并不是婴儿出生多少；C选项“从公元前8000年到现在，人口每年大约增加8000万人”对应最后一句，但句中指的是新增人口8000万，而不是每年会增加

22、8000万；D选项“公元前8000年到1650年之间的人口增长速度比1650年到现在的人口增长速度快”属于反向干扰，现在的人口增长速度显然更快。4.作者意图题。本文从历史的角度出发，讲解了各个历史时期人口增长的变化，并列出了详细数据，因此D选项“向我们展示一幅清晰而完整的人口增长图景”符合文意。5.词义推测题。第一段第一句说到“population problem（人口问题）”即“too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year”, increase 即对应growth，因此demog

23、raphic就是指the number of population，A选项正确。5. 单选题When I applied under Early Decision to the University of Pennsylvania four years ago, I was motivated by two powerful emotions: ambition and fear. The ambition was to fulfill my lifelong expectation of attending an Ivy League school; the fear was that wi

24、thout the advantage offered by Early Decision, I wouldnt make the cut. A Penn admissions officer told me that the previous year they had accepted 45 percent of Early Decision applicants and just 29 percent of total applicants. The implication was clear: applying under Early Decision dramatically imp

25、roves your chances of acceptance. At Brown University, my other favorite, applying early did not confer any advantage. While Brown was my No. I choice, Penn was a close second, and I desperately wanted to make sure I got into one of the two.I applied just before the Nov. 1 deadline, and six weeks la

26、ter I got my acceptance package. I was thrilled and relieved. While my friends spent winter vacation finishing as many as 18 applications each, I relaxed. On a school trip to France over spring break, I drank wine while everyone else struggled with international calling cards to phone home and find

27、out where theyd been accepted. People cried about getting rejected, or began the difficult and agonizing process of choosing between two or more schools. Strangely, none of this made me feel better about having applied early. It made me feel worse. When a lot of people from my class got into Brown,

28、I wondered if I, too, could have.Penn sent a discombobulating array of material to incoming freshmen over the summer. As the pile of mail mounted, so did my concerns that I had made the wrong choice. I had been to Penn only one day, in October of my senior year. I realize now I did not know nearly e

29、nough about myself or the school. Picking classes was far more arcane（错综复杂的）than I had expected （or than it would have been at a smaller school）. And when I got to the campus, I found that fraternities（男生联谊会）and sororities（女生联谊会）were a more noticeable and obnoxious presence than the 30 percent stude

30、nt membership had suggested to me.It wasnt long before I knew Penn was not right for me and I looked into transferring. For me, it was about more than just changing schools. I wanted to have the traditional application experience Id missed out on during my first go-round. The only school on my list

31、that allowed transfers during the second semester of freshman year was Wesleyan, so I waited out the whole year, and then applied to Yale, Brown and Wesleyan. I got into Wesleyan. The irony that I could have gotten in sooner, without getting rejected by the other schools, was not lost on me. But I k

32、now I made the right decision. I realized early decision is not for everyone. Better think before you apply.To high-school seniors who want to avoid making the same mistake I did, my advice is simple: dont apply under Early Decision unless you are absolutely sure that the school is your first choice

33、. And, just as important, dont let your parents or college-guidance counselors persuade you to apply under Early Decision. They may have their own agenda, or at least their own perception of who you are and what you want. As I discovered, no one can really know what you want better than yourself, an

34、d even you may need time to figure out what that is.1. The main reasons for the author to apply under Early Decision are （）.2. It can be inferred from the text that the main advantage of Early Decision is that （）3. The description of the authors feelings in Paragraph 2 shows that （）.4. We can draw a

35、 conclusion from the text that （）.5. From the text we can see that the writer seems （）.问题1选项A.pride and ambitionB.dream and fearC.easiness and effort-savingD.trouble-saving and release问题2选项A.you can graduate from the high school earlierB.you dont worry about the resultsC.you neednt take the entrance

36、 examinationD.youre more likely to be accepted问题3选项A.he is satisfied with his choiceB.there are many advantages of being accepted earlierC.less effort is needed under Early DecisionD.he is happy with and doubts about his decision问题4选项A.a fill consideration is needed before applyingB.students should

37、avoid the short cutC.a quick decision will do you no goodD.the author shouldnt apply under Early Decision问题5选项A.regretfulB.optimisticC.gloomyD.sensitive【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问：作者根据“提前申请”原则申请学校主要是因为什么？根据原文第一段第一句“I was motivated by two powerful emotions: ambition and fear.”可知，我提前

38、申请宾夕法尼亚大学主要是因为有两种强烈的情感驱使我这么做：雄心和恐惧。因此，B项“梦想与恐惧”符合原文表述，故本题正确答案为B选项。2.推理判断题。题干询问：从原文可以推断出“提前申请”的主要优势是什么？。根据原文第一段第四句“The implication was clear: applying under Early Decision dramatically improves your chances of acceptance.”可知，提前申请政策能大大提高被录取的几率，因此D选项“你更可能被录取”符合原文内容，而其他三项在原文中均未提及，故本题正确答案为D选项。3.细节事实题。题干询

39、问：作者在第二段中的情感描述是为了说明什么？首先，作者在第二段第二句讲到“I was thrilled and relieved”，说明作者在得知提前申请通过时，他很兴奋也感到释然”，而根据第二段第六句“Strangely, none of this made me feel better about having applied early. It made me feel worse. When a lot of people from my class got into Brown, I wondered if I, too, could have.”可知，作者在看到其他同学因为申请其他

40、学校或喜或忧的时候，他并没觉得自己提前申请成功是什么高兴的事，而当他看到班上有很多同学考上了布朗大学时，他又想知道如果自己也报考的话，能不能也考得上。由此可见，他对自己提前申请学校产生了怀疑。所以，综合对比四个选项，只有D选项“他对自己的决定既开心又怀疑”最能概述原文信息，故本题正确答案为D选项。4.推理判断题。题干询问：我们可以从文中总结出什么内容？原文首先讲述了作者依据“提前申请”政策选择了宾夕法尼亚州大学，但在看到别人还在费尽心思通过学校申请时，他又产生了动摇，而在真正进入学校之后他发现自己不适合这所学校，所以最后又费劲转学。作者通过自己的申请经验得出结论：并不是每个人都适合提前申请学校

41、。作者建议高三学生要思考一下自己想要什么，是不是真正适合提前申请学校，同时也不要轻易被他人的思想左右。因此，A选项“在申请之前，需要充分考虑”最符合原文内容表述；B选项“学生应该避免捷径”表述错误，作者只是希望学生们可以多思考一下以免将来后悔自己的决定，并非不能通过这种方式进入大学；C选项“匆忙做决定无益”不可由文章总结得出，作者只是希望学生能从多方面考量之后再提前申请学校；D选项“作者不应该提前申请学校”与原文内容不符，作者只是没有考虑好自己的意向学校，并非不能申请。因此，本题正确答案为A选项。5.观点态度题。题干询问：从文中我们可以明白，作者似乎是。A选项regretful表示“遗憾的，后

42、悔的”；B选项optimistic表示“乐观的”；C选项gloomy表示“忧郁的”；D选项sensitive表示“敏感的”。作者主要通过自己提前申请学校后又对学校不满意进而转学的经验指出，大家在提前申请学校时一定要考虑好自己想要什么，不要轻易受别人影响。由此可见，作者对于自己的这次申请经验比较遗憾，因此本题正确答案为A选项。6. 单选题I dont think that this question is subordinate（）the main aim of our company.问题1选项A.withB.toC.forD.on【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：我认为这个问题不属于我们

43、公司的主要目标。be subordinate to意为“从属于.，次于.”，选项B正确。7. 单选题It is impossible for us to（）such a difficult task within the limited time.问题1选项A.fuelB.frownC.fulfillD.frost【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项fuel “供以燃料，推动”。B选项frown “皱眉，不同意”。C选项fulfill “履行， 完成”。D选项frost “结霜，冻坏”。句意：我们不可能在有限的时间内完成如此艰巨的任务。因此C选项符合题意。8. 单选题In 2008 ther

44、e were fears that we might enter another economic（）as bad as the 1930s.问题1选项A.dropB.recessionC.decreaseD.slump【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。drop“水滴”；recession“衰退，不景气”；decrease“减少，降低”；slump“（价格，数量等）骤降”。句意：2008年的时候，有人担心我们可能会进入与上世纪30年代一样严重的又一次的经济衰退。选项B更符合语境。9. 单选题He gave an（） view of the state of affairs in Ireland.

45、问题1选项A.impartialB.impactC.improveD.insanity【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项impartial“公平的，公正的”；B选项impact “ 影响；效果”；C选项improve“改善，增进”；D选项insanity“疯狂；精神错乱”。句意：他对爱尔兰的事态发表了公正的看法。空格处需要填一个形容词修饰名词view，因此A项正确。10. 单选题Many people were homeless in the（） of the earth quake.问题1选项A.aftermathB.premonitionC.omenD.presentiment【答案

46、】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项aftermath“后果；余波”；B选项premonition“预感”；C选项omen“预兆， 征兆”；D选项presentiment“预感”。句意：地震的后果就是许多人无家可归。因此A项符合题意。11. 单选题The concept of civil society* has played a central role in the recent global debate about the preconditions for democracy and democratization. In the newer democracies this phras

47、e has properly focused attention on the need to foster a vibrant civic life in soils traditionally inhospitable to self-government. In the established democracies, ironically, growing numbers of citizens are questioning the effectiveness of their public institutions at the very moment when liberal d

48、emocracy has swept the battlefield, both ideologically and geopolitically. In America, at least, there is reason to suspect that this democratic disarray may be linked to a broad and continuing erosion of civic engagement that began a quarter-century ago. High on our scholarly agenda should be the q

49、uestion of whether a comparable erosion of social capital may be under way in other advanced democracies, perhaps in different institutional and behavioral guises. High on Americas agenda should be the question of how to reverse these adverse trends in social connectedness, thus restoring civic enga

50、gement and civic trust.In Bowling Alone (2000) Putnam followed up with a comprehensive exploration of a substantial array of data sources. The evidence began to look convincing. First in the realm of civic engagement and social connectedness he was able to demonstrate that, for example, over the las

51、t three decades of the twentieth century there had been a Fundamental shift in:Political and civic engagement. Voting: political knowledge, political trust, and grassroots political activism am all down. Americans sign 30 per cent fewer petitions and are 40 per cent less likely to join a consumer bo

52、ycott, as compared to just a decade or two ago. The declines are equally visible in non-political community life: membership and activity in all sorts of local clubs and civic and religious organizations have been falling at an accelerating pace. In the mid -1970s the average American attended some

53、club meeting every month, by 1998 that rate of attendance had been cut by nearly 60 per cent.Informal social ties. In 1975 the average American entertained friends at home 15 times per year; the equivalent figure (1998) is now barely half that. Virtually all leisure activities that involve doing som

54、ething with someone else, from playing volleyball to playing chamber music, are declining.Tolerance and trust. Although Americans are more tolerant of one another than were previous generations, they trust one another less. Survey data provide one measure of the growth of dishonesty and distrust, bu

55、t there are other indicators. For example, employment opportunities for police, lawyers, and security personnel were stagnant for most of this century-indeed, America had fewer lawyers per capita in 1970 than in 1900. In the last quarter century these occupations boomed, as people have increasingly

56、turned to the courts and the police.He went on to examine the possible reasons for this decline. Crucially, he was able to demonstrate that some favorite candidates for blame could not be regarded as significant. Residential mobility had actually been declining for the last half of the century. Time

57、 pressure, especially on two-career families, could only be a marginal candidate. Some familiar themes remained though:Changes in family structure (i.e. with more and more people living alone), are a possible element as conventional avenues to civic involvement are not well-designed for single and c

58、hildless people. Suburban sprawl has fractured the spatial integrity of peoples. They travel much further to work, shop and enjoy leisure opportunities. As a result there is less time available (and less inclination) to become involved in groups. Suburban sprawl is a very significant contributor.Ele

59、ctronic entertainment, especially television, has profoundly privatized leisure time. The time we spend watching television is a direct drain upon involvement in groups and social capital building activities. It may contribute up to 40 per cent of the decline in involvement in groups.However, genera

60、tional change came out as a very significant factor. A “long civic generation, born in the first third of the twentieth century, is now passing from the American scene. Their children and grandchildren (baby boomers and Generation X-ers) are much less engaged in most forms of community life. For exa

61、mple, the growth in volunteering over the last ten years is due almost entirely to increased volunteering by retirees from the long civic generation. The book also explores the consequences of a decline in social capital (and the benefits enjoyed by those communities with a substantial stock of it),

62、 and what can be done.Various criticisms can be mounted against the argument - and most tellingly, initially, against the data and its interpretation - however, Putnam has mounted a very significant and sustained case here - but it is still open to various criticisms.1. According to the text, which

63、one of the following statement is true?2. Which position was NOT stagnant for most of this century according to Putnams exploration?3. What is the change on signing petitions and joining boycotts in America?4. How does the family structure influence peoples civic involvement?5. Which of the followin

64、g can best describe authors opinion on Putnams exploration?问题1选项A.Americans are now tending to taking part in non-political activities rather than political activities.B.Current complaints in democracies mainly focus on the integrity of government and politicians.C.Americans are more tolerant of one anot