2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考前模拟强化练习题65（附答案详解）

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1、2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题He must not allow this unusual barrier to stop him from fighting against the enemy.问题1选项A.interiorB.obstacleC.interruptionD.interference【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。barrier“障碍，屏障；界线”；A选项interior“内部；内饰”；B选项obstacle“障碍，干扰”；C选项interruption“中断；干扰”；D选项interference“干扰，干涉”。句意：他不能

2、让这个不寻常的障碍妨碍他同敌人作战。根据句中“stop him阻止他”可知barrier在这里的意思为“障碍”，因此B选项正确。2. 不定项选择题It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the depressing state of literacy. These figures from the Department of Education are sufficient: 27 million Americans cannot read at all, and a further 35 million read a

3、t a level that sufficient to survive in our society.But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of sile

4、nce, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading. It has been suggested that almost 80 percent of Americas literate, educated teenagers can no longer read without an accompanying noise (music) in the background or a television scree

5、n flickering at the corner of their field of perception. We know very little about the brain and live it deals with simultaneous conflicting input, blitz every common-sense intuition suggests we should be profoundly alarmed. This violation of concentration, silence, solitude goes to the very heart o

6、f our notion of literacy; this new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration, let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves,

7、 which is to learn it by heart. Not by brain, by heart; the expression is vital.Under these circumstances, the question of what future there is for the arts of reading is a real one. Ahead of us lie technical, psychic, and social transformations probably much more dramatic than those brought about b

8、y Gutenberg, the German inventor in printing. The Gutenberg revolution, as we now know it, took a long time, its effects are still being debated. The information revolution will touch every facet of composition, publication, distribution, and reading. No one in the book industry can say with any con

9、fidence what will happen to the book as weve known it.1. The picture of the reading ability of the American people, drawn by the author, is（ ）.2. The authors biggest concern is（ ）.3. A major problem with most adolescents who can read is（ ）.4. The author claims that the best way a reader can show adm

10、iration for a piece of poetry or prose is（ ）.5. About the future of the arts of reading the author feels（ ）.问题1选项A.rather bleakB.very impressiveC.fairly brightD.quite encouraging问题2选项A.elementary school childrens disinterest in reading classicsB.the surprisingly low rate of literacy in the U.SC.the

11、musical setting American readers require for readingD.the reading ability and reading behavior of the middle class问题3选项A.their fondness of music and TV programsB.their ignorance of various forms of art and literatureC.their lack of attentiveness and basic understandingD.their inability to focus on c

12、onflicting input问题4选项A.to be able to appreciate it and memorize itB.to analyze its essential featuresC.to think it over conscientiouslyD.to make a fair appraisal of its artistic value问题5选项A.upsetB.alarmedC.uncertainD.pessimistic【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第一段第二句“27 million Ame

13、ricans cannot read at all, and a further 35 million read at a level that sufficient to survive in our society. 2700万美国人根本不能进行阅读，还有3500万美国人的阅读水平足以在我们的社会中生存。”可知A项“相当凄凉的”与原文相符。B项“令人印象深刻”；C项“非常有希望的”；D项“非常令人鼓舞”。因此A选项正确。第2题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第二段第一句“But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming probl

14、em of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence 但是，今天我自己所担心的，与其说是基本识字这一压倒一切的问题，还不如说是一个稍微奢侈一点的问题：甚至是中产阶级读者的阅读技能在下降，他们不愿给自己留出沉默的空间”可知D项“中产阶级的阅读能力和阅读行为”与原文相符。A项

15、“小学生对阅读经典名著不感兴趣”，原文并没有相关表达；B项“美国社会读写能力出奇的低”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“美国读者需要阅读的音乐背景”，原文并没有相关表达。因此D选项正确。第3题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第二段第四句“This violation of concentration, silence, solitude goes to the very heart of our notion of literacy; this new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, re

16、nders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration. 这种对专注、沉默和孤独的侵犯触及了我们对识字概念的核心；这种在背景干扰下的部分阅读、部分感知的新形式，使得某些基本的理解和集中行为变得不可能”可知C项“他们缺乏专注和基本理解”与原文相符。A项“他们喜欢音乐和电视节目”，原文并没有相关表达；B项“他们对各种形式的艺术和文学的忽视”，原文并没有相关表达；D项“他们不能专注于相冲突的信息”，原文并没有相关表达。因此C选项正确。第4题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第二段倒数第三行中“let alone

17、that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves, which is to learn it by heart. Not by brain, by heart; the expression is vital. 更不用说对一首他或她真正喜欢的诗歌或散文最重要的赞颂了，那就是把它熟记在心。不是靠头脑，而是靠记忆；这种表达方式至关重要。”可知A项“为了能够欣赏它并记住它”与原文相符。B项“分析其本质特征”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“认真考虑

18、它”，原文并没有相关表达；D项“对其艺术价值做出公正的评价”，原文并没有相关表达。因此A选项正确。第5题:观点态度题。由题干定位到文章最后一段最后一句“No one in the book industry can say with any confidence what will happen to the book as weve known it. 在图书行业中，没有人可以自信地说出我们所知晓的图书的未来将是什么。”可知C项“不确定的”正确。A项“不安的”；B项“担心的”；D项“悲观的”。因此C选项正确。3. 不定项选择题The marvelous telephone and telev

19、ision network that has now enmeshed the whole world, making all men neighbors, cannot be extended to space. It will never be possible to converse with anyone on another planet. Even with todays radio equipment, the messages will take minutes sometimes hours on their journey, because radio and light

20、waves travel at the same speed of 186,000 miles a second.Twenty years from now you will be able to listen to a friend on Mars, but the words you hear will have left his mouth at least three minutes earlier, and your reply will take a corresponding time to reach him. In such circumstances, an exchang

21、e of verbal message is possible but not a conversation.To a culture which has come to take instantaneous communication for granted, as part of very structure of civilized life, this “time barrier” may have a profound psychological impact. It will be a perpetual reminder of universal laws and limitat

22、ions against which not all our technology can ever prevail. For it seems as certain as anything can be that no signal still less any material object can never travel faster than light.The velocity of light is the ultimate speed limit, being part of the very structure of space and time. Within the na

23、rrow confines of the solar system, it will not handicap us too severely. At the worst, these will amount to twenty hours the time it takes a radio signal to span the orbit of Pluto, the outer-most planet.It is when we move out beyond the confines of the solar system that we come face to face with an

24、 altogether new group of cosmic reality. Even today, many otherwise educated men like those savages who can count to three but lump together all numbers beyond four cannot grasp the profound distinction between solar and stellar space. The first is the space enclosing our neighboring worlds, the pla

25、nets, the second is that which embraces those distant suns, the stars, and it is literally millions of times greater. There is not such abrupt change of scale in the terrestrial affairs.Many conservative scientists, shocked by these cosmic gulfs, have denied that they can ever be crossed. Some peopl

26、e never learn; those who sixty years ago laughed at the possibility of flight, and ten years ago laughed at the idea of travel to the planets, are now quite sure that the stars will always beyond our research. And again they are wrong, for they have failed to grasp the great lesson of our age that i

27、f something is possible in theory, and no fundamental scientific laws oppose its realization, then sooner or later it will be achieved.One day we shall discover a really efficient means of propelling our space vehicles. Every technical device is always developed to its limit and the ultimate speed f

28、or spaceships is the velocity of light. They will never reach that goal, but they will get very near it. And the nearest star will be less than five years of voyaging from the earth.1. For light to travel across the solar system, it will take （ ）.2. The fact that it will never be possible to convers

29、e with someone on another planet shows that （ ）.3. Confronted with the new group of cosmic reality, many educated men （ ）.4. Conservative scientists who deny that cosmic gulfs can ever be crossed will （ ）.5. The author of the passage, readers can infer, intends to show the （ ）.问题1选项A.a yearB.nearly

30、a dayC.two monthsD.thirty minutes问题2选项A.certain universal laws cannot be prevailed againstB.no object can ever travel faster than lightC.western culture has a special idea of communicationD.radio message do not travel fast enough问题3选项A.become ignorant savages againB.find the “time barrier” unbearabl

31、eC.will not combine solar and stellar spaceD.cannot adapt to the abrupt change of scale问题4选项A.laugh at the very ideas of flightB.learn a lesson as they did ten years agoC.find space travel beyond their reachD.oppose the fundamental scientific laws问题5选项A.limitations of our technologyB.vastness of the

32、 cosmic realityC.prospect of planetary travelD.psychological impact of time and space【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第四段中“.these will amount to twenty hours the time it takes a radio signal to span the orbit of Pluto, the outer-most planet. 这相当于20个小时这是一个无线电信号跨越冥王星轨道所需的时间，冥王星是最外层的行

33、星。”20小时几乎一天，可知B项与原文相符。A项“一年”，与原文不符；B项“几乎一天”；C项“两个月”，与原文不符；D项“三十分钟”，与原文不符，因此B选项正确。第2题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第一段中“It will never be possible to converse with anyone on another planet. Even with todays radio equipment, the messages will take minutes sometimes hours和另一个星球上的人交谈是不可能的。即使使用今天的无线电设备，发送信息也需要几分钟，有时甚至几小

34、时”与第二段中“In such circumstances, an exchange of verbal message is possible but not a conversation. 在这种情况下，口头信息的交换是可能的但不是对话。”可推知D项与原文相符。A项“某些普遍的规律是不能被推翻的”，与原文不符；B项“没有任何物体的速度能超过光速”，与原文不符；C项“西方文化有一种特殊的沟通观念”，与原文不符；D项“无线电信息传播不够快”，因此D选项正确。第3题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第五段中“Even today, many otherwise educated men like t

35、hose savages who can count to three but lump together all numbers beyond four cannot grasp the profound distinction between solar and stellar space it is literally millions of times greater. There is not such abrupt change of scale in the terrestrial affair. 即使在今天，许多受过教育的人就像那些能数到三，却能把四以外的数字加在一起的野蛮人无

36、法理解太阳和恒星空间的深刻区别一样它实际上要大几百万倍。陆地事务中没有这样突然的规模变化”，可推知D项与原文相符。A项“再次成为无知的野蛮人”，与原文不符；B项“发现时间障碍难以忍受”，与原文不符；C项“将不会把太阳和恒星的空间结合起来”，与原文不符；D项“不能适应规模的突变”，因此D选项正确。第4题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第六段中“Some people never learn; those who sixty years ago laughed at the possibility of flight, and ten years ago laughed at the idea of

37、 travel to the planets, are now quite sure that the stars will always beyond our research. 有些人永远学不会；那些六十年前嘲笑飞行的可能性，十年前嘲笑到行星上旅行的想法的人，现在相当肯定地认为恒星永远超出我们的研究范围。”可知C项与原文相符。A项“嘲笑飞行的想法”，与原文不符；B项“像他们十年前那样吸取教训”，与原文不符；C项“发现他们无法进行太空旅行”；D项“反对基本的科学规律”，与原文不符，因此C选项正确。第5题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章最后一段中“They will never reach th

38、at goal, but they will get very near it. 他们永远不会达到这个目标，但他们会非常接近这个目标。”这个表述说明了作者对星际旅行充满着期望，因此知C项正确。A项“我们技术的局限性”，与原文不符；B项“浩瀚的宇宙现实”，与原文不符；C项“星际旅行的前景”；D项“时间和空间的心理影响”，与原文不符，因此C选项正确。4. 单选题He does nothing that violates the interests of the collective.问题1选项A.runs forB.runs againstC.runs overD.runs into【答案】B【解

39、析】考查动词辨析。violate“违反；侵犯，妨碍”，A选项run for“竞选；匆匆去取；赶紧去请”；B选项“run against 撞上；偶遇；违反”；C选项“run over 辗过；匆匆看；复查”；D选项“run into 遭遇，陷入；撞到；偶然遇见”。句意：他不做任何违背集体利益的事。根据句中“the interests of the collective集体的利益”可知violate在这里的意思为“违反”，因此B选项正确。5. 单选题It will take us twenty minutes to get to the railway station,（ ）traffic dela

40、ys.问题1选项A.acknowledgingB.affordingC.allowing forD.accounting for【答案】C【解析】考查动词和词组辨析。A选项acknowledging“承认”；B选项affording“买得起；给予，提供”；C选项allowing for“考虑到，顾及”；D选项accounting for“对负有责任；对做出解释”。由前半句“It will take us twenty minutes to get to the railway station”（我们要花20分钟才能到火车站）可知，是一个结果，所以该空处语义应该为考虑到交通耽搁的话，则会导致晚到

41、火车站。句意：考虑到交通上的耽搁，我们到火车站要花20分钟。因此C选项正确。6. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your translation on the Answer Sheet II.文化的多样性是人类文明最本质的特征，尊重不同文化的独立与发展，加强文化交流与合作，是维护世界文化多样性的重要前提。在全球化的时代，人类面临着许多共同的问题，都需要通过广泛的文化沟通与合作来寻求答案，中国提倡充分尊重各国的文化传统，社会制度、发展道路，倡导开放兼容的文化观，也真诚地愿意通过与各国广泛

42、开展合作，借鉴各种文明之长，推动建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。【答案】Cultural diversity is the most essential characteristics of human civilization, to respect the independence and development of a different culture and strengthen cultural exchanges and cooperation is important preconditions for the maintenance of world cultural

43、 diversity. In the era of globalization, mankind is faced with many common problems and all need to seek the answer through extensive cultural communication and cooperation, China advocates a full respect for each countrys cultural tradition, social system and development path and call for open and

44、compatible cultural view, and also is sincerely willing to promote to build a harmonious world of lasting peace and common prosperity through extensive cooperation with other countries and drawing on the strengths of the various kinds of civilization.7. 单选题The Austrian manufacturing industry consist

45、s of a few large organizations, many of which operate under government auspices.问题1选项A.supervisionsB.orientationsC.regulationD.sponsorship【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。auspice“赞助，主办”；A选项supervision“监督，管理”；B选项orientation“方向；适应；向东方”；C选项regulation“管理；规则；校准”；D选项sponsorship“赞助；发起”。句意：奥地利的制造业由几个大型组织组成，其中许多是在政府的支持下运作的。a

46、uspice本身有“赞助”的意思，因此D选项正确。8. 不定项选择题Crippling health care bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratch the surface of the problems that patients face daily.Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. Countries with appropriate prim

47、ary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the primary care physician.A recent study analyzed the providers who treat Medicare beneficiaries. The startling finding was that the average Medi

48、care patient save a total of seven doctors two primary care physicians and five specialists in a given year. Contrary to popular belief the more physicians taking care of you dont guarantee better care. Actually increasing fragmentation of care results in a corresponding rise in cost and medical err

49、ors.How did we let primary care slip so far? The key is how doctors are paid. Most physicians are paid whenever they perform a medical service. The more a physician does, regardless of quality or outcome, the better he is reimbursed（返还费用）. Moreover, the amount a physician receives leans heavily towa

50、rd medical or surgical procedures. A specialist who performs a procedure in a 30-minute visit can be paid three times more than a primary care physician using that same 30 minutes to discuss a patients disease. Combine this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately cut reimbursements,

51、physicians are faced with no choice but to increase quantity to boost income.Primary care physicians who refuse to compromise quality are either driven out of business or to cash-only practices, further contributing to the decline of primary care.Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They

52、 see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. The recent numbers show that since 1997, newly graduated U.S. medical students who choose primary care as a career have declined by 50%. This trend results in emergency rooms being overwhelmed with patients without regular doct

53、ors.How do we fix this problem?It starts with reforming the physician reimbursement system. Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. Make primary care more attra

54、ctive to medical students by forgiving student loans for those who choose primary care as a career and reconciling the marked difference between specialist and primary care physician salaries.Were at a point where primary care is needed more than ever. Within a few years, the first wave of the 76 mi

55、llion Baby Boomers will become eligible for Medicare. Patients older than 85, who need chronic care most, will rise by 50% this decade.Who will be there to treat them?1. The authors chief concern about the current U.S. health care system is （ ）.2. We learn from the passage that people tend to believ

56、e that （ ）.3. Faced with the government threats to cut reimbursements indiscriminately, primary care physicians have to （ ）.4. Why do many new medical graduates refuse to choose primary care as their career?5. What suggestion does the author give in order to provide better health care?问题1选项A.the ina

57、dequate training of physiciansB.the declining number of doctorsC.the shrinking primary care resourcesD.the ever-rising health care costs问题2选项A.the more costly the medicine, the more effective the cureB.seeing more doctors may result in more diagnostic errorsC.visiting doctors on a regular basis ensu

58、res good healthD.the more doctors taking care of a patient, the better问题3选项A.increase their income by working overtimeB.improve their expertise and serviceC.make various deals with specialistsD.see more patients at the expense of quality问题4选项A.They find the need for primary care declining.B.The curr

59、ent system works against primary care.C.Primary care physicians command less respect.D.They think working in emergency rooms tedious.问题5选项A.Bridge the salary gap between specialist and primary care physicians.B.Extend primary care to patients with chronic diseases.C.Recruit more medical students by

60、offering them loans.D.Reduce the tuition of students who choose primary care as their major.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】第1题:推理判断题。由题干定位到文章第二段第一句“Primary care should be the backbone of any health care system. 初级医疗保健应该是任何卫生保健系统的支柱。”与第三句“The U.S. takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the spec

61、ialist rather than the primary care physician. 美国则采取了相反的做法，强调专家而不是初级保健医生。”及文章主要讲述的是“美国初级医疗资源的减少”这一内容可知C项“日益减少的初级保健资源”与原文相符。A项“医生培训的不足”，原文并没有相关表达；B项“医生数量的减少”，原文并没有相关表达；D项“不断上升的医疗保健费用”，原文并没有相关表达。因此C选项正确。第2题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第三段第三句“Contrary to popular belief the more physicians taking care of you dont gua

62、rantee better care. 与普遍的看法相反，照顾你的医生越多并不能保证更好的治疗。”可推知D项“照顾你的医生更多，更好”与原文相符。A项“药越贵，治疗越有效”，原文并没有相关表达；B项“看越多的医生可能导致越多诊断错误”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“定期看医生可确保身体健康”，原文并没有相关表达。因此D选项正确。第3题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第四段最后一句“Combine this fact with annual government threats to indiscriminately cut reimbursements, physicians are faced w

63、ith no choice but to increase quantity to boost income. 这个事实加之政府每年威胁要不加区别地消减返还费用，让医生们别无选择，只能去增加看病的数量来增加收入。”可推知D项“以牺牲看病的质量来看更多的病人”与原文相符。A项“通过加班来提高他们的收入”，原文并没有相关表达；B项“完善他们的专业知识和服务”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“与专科医生做各种交易”，原文并没有相关表达。因此D选项正确。第4题:细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第六段第一、二句“Medical students are not blind to this scenario. They see how heavily the reimbursement deck is stacked against primary care. 医科学生并非对这种情况视而不见。他们看到报销制度对初级保健有多么不利。”可推知B项“当前的体系不利于初级保健”与原文相符。A项“他们发现对初级医疗保健的需求在减少”，原文并没有相关表达；C项“初级保健医生不受尊重”，原文并没有相关表达；D项“他们认为在急诊室工作乏味”，原文并没有相关表达。因此B选项正确。第5题:细节事实