2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷28

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1、2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题They have had only on（ ）to gain the wealth.问题1选项A.objectivismB.objectionC.objectiveD.objectivity【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析。objectivism客观主义；objection反对, 异议；objective目的, 目标；objectivity 客观性。句意:他们只有一个目标就是获得财富。选项C符合句意。2. 单选题His difficulty in expressing himself clearly will be a

2、 （ ）to his plans to become a lawyer.问题1选项A.hesitationB.hingeC.highlightD.handicap【答案】D【解析】句意:他难以清楚地表达自己的想法, 这将成为他想当一名律师的不利条件。handicap指障碍, 不利条件。只有选项D符合句意。3. 单选题Leaks from Edward Snowden, a systems administrator turned whistleblower at the National Security Agency (NSA), Americas signals-intelligence

3、agency, have confirmed that the Internet is insecure, and that modern spy agencies canand do, on an industrial scaletap virtually any form of online communication. But perhaps the most acute embarrassment so far has been caused by the revelation that the NSA may have been listening to phone calls ma

4、de by the leaders of Americas allies,most notably those of the German chancellor, Angela Merkel. But how exactly is it done?A mobile phone is essentially a telephone with a radio attached. Anyone can listen in on the radio waves travelling between a handset and the base station to which it is connec

5、ted. To prevent casual eavesdropping, phones often (although not always) use encryption, which disarranges the data so that only the intended recipient can make sense of it. But not all encryption is created equal. The encryption used in second-generation (2G) phonesa technology that dates back to 1

6、991一is weak, and readily cracked by modern computers. The 3G standard includes stronger disarranging,although it is still not perfect. 4G, the newest standard, currently being used around the world, likewise offers more competent encryptionalthough documents leaked by Edward Snowden suggest that the

7、 spies are pressuring manufacturers to put secret “back doors” into their products.But getting involved in cryptography isnt always necessary. Spy agencies can obtain details from telephone companies, either by asking them to cooperate or forcing them to. Another option is to impersonate the mobile

8、network itself, by setting up a fake base-station and persuading the targets phone to connect to it. At a hacker conference in 2010,a security researcher called Chris Paget gave a detailed demonstration of how this works, using less than $ 2,000 of off-the-shelf equipment (a fake base-station can in

9、struct phones that connect to it to do all sorts of things,such as turn off their encryption). Police forces around the world use a similar gear to silently listen in on calls made by their targets. A recent book describes how the FBI has quietly removed several such fake base-stations- run by forei

10、gn embassiesfrom around Washington,D. C.Nor is it just calls. Text messages can also be snatched. Modern smartphones are general-purpose computers. Users store e-mails on them, fix their position with satellite navigation systems, and even use them for banking, making them very juicy targets indeed.

11、 Even if the phones themselves are secure, it is far from clear how secure the behind-the- scenes servers run by Google and Apple, which control the Android and iOS platforms respectively, really are. For the non-spies, there are cheaper, simpler options that often work, too. This week several journ

12、alists in Britain are standing trial for hacking the voicemail messages of everyone from serving politicians to murdered schoolchildren. Their methods were low-tech but effective: they smooth-talked employees of mobile-phone companies into handing over the four-digit pass codes that protect their cu

13、stomers voicemail accounts. Or else they simply guessed them, betting that the phone owners either hadnt changed them from default settings or had chosen easy-to-remember ones, such as 12 34. Whether the NSA used low-or high-tech methods to tap Mrs. Merkels phone remains a mysteryfor now, at least.1

14、.What is the purpose of this passage?2.How can encryption prevent casual eavesdropping?3.According to the context the word “impersonate”(Para. 3)might mean “（ ） ”.4.What is the last paragraph about?问题1选项A.To reveal how Angela Merkel is tapped.B.To narrate the story of leaks from Edward Snowden.C.To

15、explain how phones can be bugged.D.To show the advancement of high technology.问题2选项A.By stopping the usual radio waves.B.By disconnecting a telephone to a radio.C.By making the information incomprehensible.D.By creating equal code pages.问题3选项A.empowerB.designC.personifyD.copy问题4选项A.Other illegal mea

16、ns to obtain personal information.B.Process of snatching text messages.C.The trial of several British journalists.D.Advice of how to use smartphones in proper ways.【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B【解析】第1题:1.结合文章内容可知,文章由第一段爱德华斯诺登泄密的故事引出手机窃听,主要目的是为了说明手机是如何被窃听的,所以选项C正确。2.根据第二段第三句“To prevent casual eavesdropping

17、, . recipient can make sense of it.”为了防止偶然的窃听,手机经常(虽然并不总是如此)使用加密技术,加密技术会打乱数据的排列,只有目标接收者才能理解这些数据。也就是说,使信息无法被旁人所理解,选项C符合原文。3.根据第三段第三句“Another option is to impersonate the mobile network itself, by setting up a fake base-station and persuading the targets phone to connect to it.”另一种选择是模拟移动网络本身,建立一个假的基站

18、,并说服目标的手机连接到它。根据“fake base-station”可以推测,impersonate表示模拟的意思,选项中D带入原文最接近文意,所以正确。4.根据最后一段的第一句“Nor is it just calls. Text messages can also be snatched.”不只是电话,短信也可以被窃取。选项B符合原文。第2题:第3题:第4题:4. 单选题The new secretary has written a remarkably（ ）report only in a few pages but with all the details included.问题1选

19、项A.conciseB.clearC.preciseD.elaborate【答案】A【解析】根据后半句：只用了简短的几页但却涵盖了所有的细节，说明这个报告简洁明了，选项A最符合语境。5. 单选题Betty, though（ ） in most things, spent a lot of money on clothes.问题1选项A.economicalB.economicC.excessiveD.extravagant【答案】A【解析】根据though可以推断, 前后形成对比, 表达意思相反, 所以应填入economical节俭的, 选项A正确。6. 单选题More than one-th

20、ird of the Chinese in the United States live in California, （ ）in San Francisco.问题1选项A.previouslyB.predominantlyC.practicallyD.permanently【答案】B【解析】previously以前，预先；predominantly主要地，显著地；practically实际地，事实上；permanently永久地。句意：在美国，超过三分之一的华人居住在加州，主要居住在旧金山。选项B符合句意。7. 写作题In this part, you are required to wri

21、te an essay of no less than 200 words on Cell Phones:a Blessing or a Nuisance? The essay should be based on the outline below.1.The present situation;2.Its advantages;3.Its disadvantages;4.Your suggestions.【答案】Cell Phones:a Blessing or a Nuisance?Nowadays, with the rapid development of information t

22、echnology and information industry, cell phones play an important role in peoples, especially townspeoples life. But, like everything else, they are a mixed blessing.First, its useful. As a wireless telephone, it can be carried anywhere one wants to go and can be used to call the callee however fara

23、way he or she is. Therefore, it greatly facilitates peoples life. Second, its convenient. Whenever one gets into trouble or meets something urgent, one can ask for help by making a phone call immediately. Most important of all, its a very helpful companion. With a multifunctional cell phone in hand,

24、 one can easily log on, browsing useful information, conducting E-commerce and doing whatever one can do via the Internet.However, just as everything has two sides, the cell phone also has many disadvantages. First, it may affect others attention. For example, some people use their cell phones while

25、 listening to a lecture or attending a meeting, which undoubtedly distracts the attention of others, thus seriously affecting the atmosphere of the lecture or the meeting. Second, it does more harm to primary school students and even junior middle school students. Many of them do not know how diffic

26、ult it is for their parents to earn money, they waste a lot of money chatting with their friends or getting on the Net by means of their cell phones. Worst of all, quite a number of adult testees cheat on their tests by using their cell phones.In my view, it is unreasonable and impossible to ban the

27、 use of cell phones among young students. What really counts is to use cell phones on the right occasions. So I strongly suggest forbidding turning on the cell phone in class, on tests or at meetings. Another suggestion is to forbid primary school students and junior middle students to use cell phon

28、es in their schools on weekdays. Of course they can use theirs at home or elsewhere on weekends.8. 单选题Despite the general negative findings, it is important to remember that all children who live through a divorce do not behave in the same way. The specific behavior depends on the childs individual

29、personality,characteristics, age at the time of divorce, and gender. In terms of personality, when compared to those rated as relaxed and easy-going,children described as temperamental and irritable have more difficulty coping with parental divorce, as indeed they have more difficulty adapting to li

30、fe change in general. Stress,such as that found in disrupted families,seems to impair the ability of temperamental children to adapt to their surroundings, the greater the amount of stress, the less well they adapt. In contrast,a moderate amount of stress may actually help an easy-going,relaxed chil

31、d learn to cope with adversity.There is some relationship between age and childrens characteristic reaction to divorce. As the child grows older,the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of complex feelings, an understanding of those feelings,and a realization that the decision

32、 to divorce cannot be distributed to any one simple cause. Self-blame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of abandonment diminishes after the age of 8,and the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older child by shame,anger,and self-reflection.Gender of the child is also

33、 a factor that predicts the nature of reaction to divorce. The impact of divorce is initially greater on boys than on girls. They are more aggressive, less compliant,have greater difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and exhibit problem behaviors both at home and at school. Furthermore,the ad

34、justment problems of boys are still noticeable even two years after the divorce. Girls adjustment problems are usually internalized rather than acted out, and are often resolved by the second year after the divorce. However, new problems may surface for girls as they enter adolescence and adulthood.

35、 How can the relatively greater impact of divorce on boys than on girls be explained? The greater male aggression and noncompliance may reflect the fact that such behaviors are tolerated and even encouraged in males in our culture more than they are in females. Furthermore, boys may have a particula

36、r need for a strong male model of self-control, as well as for a strong disciplinarian parent. Finally, boys are more likely to be exposed to their parents fights than girls are, and after the breakup,boys are less likely than girls to receive sympathy and support from mothers,teachers,or peers.1.It

37、 is hard for temperamental, irritable kids to adapt to parental divorce because（ ） .2.The following statements are true EXCEPT（ ） .3.Why does parental divorce have greater effects on boys than on girls according to the author?4.What does the passage mainly convey to the readers?问题1选项A.they are too m

38、uch disrupted by the life changeB.the family breakup makes them feel very sensitiveC.the great stress of their families diminishes their abilityD.they encounter more parents fights than the easy-going children问题2选项A.a six-year-old boy may feel being deserted by his parentsB.divorce is usually caused

39、 by more than one reasonC.a young girl may feel more shameful on parental divorce than an older boyD.as the kids grow older, they have a better understanding of divorce问题3选项A.Because all cultures tolerate male aggression and noncompliance.B.Because boys are basically more self-disciplined than girls

40、.C.Because males are usually viewed as the models in self-control.D.Because boys are always involved in their parents fights.问题4选项A.Kids of different ages behave differently facing parental divorce.B.The impact of divorce on kids varies in personality, age and gender.C.Boys may become more aggressiv

41、e than girls in disrupted families.D.Parental divorce has a negative effect on children all through their lives.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段第三句“.children described as temperamental and irritable have more difficulty coping with parental divorce, as indeed they have more difficulty adaptin

42、g to life change in general.”喜怒无常和易怒的孩子更难以面对父母离异，因为他们确实更难以适应生活的变化。选项A符合原文。2.根据第二段最后一句“the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older child by shame,anger,and self-reflection.”年幼孩子的困惑和恐惧被年长孩子的羞愧、愤怒和自我反省所取代。选项C正好与之相反，所以不正确。3.根据第三段的内容可知，父母离异对男孩的影响比女孩大是因为在我们的文化中，容忍和鼓励男性具有攻击性和桀骜不驯，选项A

43、中的“all cultures”表述不正确;此外， 男孩可能特别需要树立一个强大的自律的男性形象，也需要父母严格自律；最后，男孩比女孩更容易受到父母争吵的影响，而在父母离异后，男孩比女孩更不容易得到母亲、老师或同龄人的同情和支持。选项B在文中没有提及;选项D不符合原文，只有选项C符合原文，所以本题选C。4.结合文章内容可知，首段一二句为本文的主旨句，所有经历过父母离异的孩子会有不同的行为方式，具体的行为取决于孩子的个性、特征、父母离异时的年龄和性别。选项B正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:9. 单选题Some 4, 000 private importers, exporters and whol

44、esalers were nationalized and（ ）into a huge government monopoly, the State Trading Corp.问题1选项A.incorporatedB.inclinedC.resignedD.resorted【答案】A【解析】incorporate into并入；其他选项都不与into搭配, 而是一般与to搭配。句意:约4,000家私营进出口商和批发商被收归国有, 并被并入一家大型的政府垄断企业国有贸易公司。选项A符合句意。10. 写作题Write a letter to the dean of a department of

45、a university in the United States, applying for admittance to the department as a visiting scholar.1.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.2.The contents include what you are going to do in the department, and the explanation of the source of your living expenses.3.Do not sign your ow

46、n name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.4.Do not write the address.【答案】Dear Sir or Madam,My name is Li Ming. I am a young teacher of English from Wuhan University of Technology. I have been devoting myself to translation from Chinese into English and vice versa for quite a long time a

47、nd have published a large number of translated texts. But in my own eyes, they are far from perfect. Why are they imperfect? I think they result from a lack of the guidance of translation theories, especially Western ones, which will undoubtedly do good to my teaching career in China. Under such cir

48、cumstances, I wish to further my research by being a visiting scholar of your university because I think highly of its excellent academic atmosphere. When it comes to financial support, China Scholarship Council has decided to provide me with scholarship needed to study abroad.I would appreciate it

49、very much if you could accept me as a visiting scholar and I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.Yours respectfully Li Ming 11. 单选题Most of us would like to feel we have some influence over what happens around us and to us. Citizens speak out to influence policy on use of nuclear power, conse

50、rving the environment and endangered animals, local and state taxes, the appropriate use of funds by organizations of which they are members, proper land use and the nature of education in the public schools, and a host of other issues. Some of these affect the speakers immediate self-interest; othe

51、rs are attempts to make the social environment conform more closely to their own ideas. To speak on such matters effectively enough to influence the opinions and actions of others is to exercise power.Even in jobs relying on technical specialization, the opportunities and demands for public speaking

52、 skills remain more common than many college students realize. The engineer finds that if his career is to advance he must be willing to accept management duties that include speaking to groups of employees, or he must serve as a spokesperson for consultant teams presenting results to agencies outsi

53、de the company. The certified public accountant finds an opportunity to teach classes in her area of speculation. The dentist has to give speeches as an officer of his dental association.Sometimes you may have to make a speech as part of your duties in your job or organization. Perhaps more frequent

54、ly you will have opportunities where you speak voluntarily, as when you speak out in a meeting. Some of these speaking situations will be of little consequence; you will feel better if you do the speech well, but it will not really make much difference. In other situations, the speech may be signifi

55、cant for the audience. In these situations, it is comforting to know that you can do at least an adequate job. And you may not be content merely to get through the task adequately. To be able to increase listeners understanding or to persuade them is one of the most civilized ways we as individuals

56、have for affecting our environment.Some beginning-speech students are surprised to discover that they can give a public speech at all, much less the skillful and effective ones they will be producing by the end of the course. The primary purposes of a speech course are to expand your understanding o

57、f techniques and strategies in public speaking, and to give you some practice so that you will be more confident and effective in more situations. With skill and confidence you develop a power to benefit yourself and the society around you.1.The text intends to show you（ ）.2.According to the passage

58、, effective speaking ability does benefit people a lot except on（ ）.3.You need to speak effectively if （ ）.4.It is implied in the text that（ ）.5.Sometimes you are not content when you finish your speech because you know （ ）.问题1选项A.the importance of speaking before the publicB.the techniques and stra

59、tegies in public speakingC.the purposes and aims of a speech courseD.the most civilized ways to exert our influences问题2选项A.environmental conservationB.audience awarenessC.technical maintenanceD.career promotion问题3选项A.you are a studentB.you are an engineerC.you want to study wellD.you want to influen

60、ce others问题4选项A.a good speaker may have greater chance in his careerB.making good speeches is part of the duties of an engineerC.speaking at a meeting is often part of ones dutiesD.people often exercise their power by making speeches问题5选项A.your speech makes little difference to the audienceB.the aud

61、iences better understanding is more essential to youC.making good speeches is part of the duties of an engineerD.the speech-making occasion is not important in the least【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:1.结合文章内容可知，本文主要讲的是在公众面前讲话的重要性，选项B，C，D是文中提到的细节，不是本文主旨，所以选项A正确。2.根据第二段第一句“Even in jobs relying o

62、n . college students realize.”即使是在依靠专业技能的工作中，对公众演讲技能的机会和需求也比许多大学生意识到的更为普遍。由此可以推断，公众演讲对技能要求高，很难保持。选项C符合原文。3.根据第一段最后一句“To speak on such matters effectively enough to influence the opinions and actions of others is to exercise power.”在这样的问题上有效地发言，足以影响他人的意见和行动，就是在行使权力。也就是说， 如果你想影响别人，你的讲话一定要有效。选项D正确。4.根据

63、第二段的第二句“The engineer finds that if his career is to advance he must be willing to accept management duties that include speaking to groups of employees.”工程师发现, 如果他的职业生涯想要发展，他必须愿意承担管理职责，包括向员工群体发表演讲.由此可以推断，一个好的演讲者在他的职业生涯中可能有更大的机遇。选项A符合原文。5.根据第三段最后两句可知，你可能不仅仅只是满足于完成（演讲）任务，能够增加听众的理解或说服他们是我们作为个体影响环境的最文明的方式之一。所有选项B符合原文。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:12. 单选题Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful （ ）in the market.问题1选项A.batteriesB.bargainsC.basketsD.barrels【答案】B【解析】句意: